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Encyclopedia > Arches National Park
Arches National Park
IUCN Category II (National Park)
Location Grand County, Utah, USA
Nearest city Moab
Coordinates 38°41′0″N 109°34′0″W / 38.68333, -109.56667
Area 76,358.98 acres
  (76,193.01 federal)
309.01 km²
Established April 12, 1929, as a National Monument
Visitors 860,181 (in 2007)
Governing body National Park Service

Arches National Park preserves over 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the world-famous Delicate Arch, in addition to a variety of unique geological resources and formations. The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ... This article is about national parks. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Image File history File links US_Locator_Blank. ... Grand County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ... For other instances of Moab, see Moab (disambiguation). ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Navajo National Monument Devils Tower National Monument Statue of Liberty National Monument Fort Matanzas National Monument A National Monument is a protected area of the United States that is similar to a national park (specifically a U.S. National Park) except that the President of the United States can quickly... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... Rainbow Bridge was formed by a meandering watercourse. ... Delicate Arch Delicate Arch is a freestanding natural arch located in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, USA. It is the most widely-recognized landmark in Arches National Park and is depicted on both Utah license plates and a postage stamp commemorating Utahs centennial anniversary of statehood in 1996. ...


The park is located near Moab, Utah, and is 119 square miles (309 km²) in size. Its highest elevation is 5,653 feet (1,723 m) at Elephant Butte and its lowest elevation is 4,085 feet (1,245 m) at the visitor center. Since 1970, 42 arches have toppled because of erosion. Arches National Park receives 10 inches (250 mm) of rain a year on average. For other instances of Moab, see Moab (disambiguation). ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... A visitor center is a place where visitors to a location can get information on the areas attractions, lodging, maps, and other items relevant to tourism. ...


The area, administered by the National Park Service, was originally designated as a national monument on April 12, 1929. It was redesignated a national park on November 12, 1971. More than 833,000 people visited it in 2006. The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... Navajo National Monument Devils Tower National Monument Statue of Liberty National Monument Fort Matanzas National Monument A National Monument is a protected area of the United States that is similar to a national park (specifically a U.S. National Park) except that the President of the United States can quickly... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The parks of the United States National Park system are one type of protected area in the United States and are operated by the National Park Service. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ...

Contents

Features

Map of Arches National Park
Map of Arches National Park
Delicate Arch, one of the most famous arches in the park.
North Window and South Window Arches
North Window and South Window Arches
Turret Arch
Turret Arch
Landscape Arch
Landscape Arch
Balanced Rock
Balanced Rock

Among the notable features of the park are: Download high resolution version (1496x1134, 286 KB) From [1]; see also the Commons (Media:Delicatearch. ... Download high resolution version (1496x1134, 286 KB) From [1]; see also the Commons (Media:Delicatearch. ... larger image of my photo of Turret Arch taken Spring 1998 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... larger image of my photo of Turret Arch taken Spring 1998 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1504x807, 326 KB)Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, UT, USA. Photo taken by user Lorax and released under the GFDL File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1504x807, 326 KB)Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, UT, USA. Photo taken by user Lorax and released under the GFDL File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

  • Delicate Arch — a lone-standing arch which has become a symbol of Utah
  • Balanced Rock — a large balancing rock, the size of three school buses
  • Double Arch — two arches that share a common end
  • Landscape Arch — a very thin, very long arch over 300 feet (100 m); the largest in the park
  • Fiery Furnace — an area of maze-like narrow passages and tall rock columns (see biblical reference Fiery Furnace)
  • Devil's Garden — with many arches and columns scattered along a ridge
  • Dark Angel — a free-standing column of dark stone at the end of the Devil's Garden trail.
  • Courthouse Towers — a collection of tall stone columns
  • Petrified dunes — petrified remnants of sand dunes blown from the ancient lakes that covered the area.

Delicate Arch Delicate Arch is a freestanding natural arch located in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, USA. It is the most widely-recognized landmark in Arches National Park and is depicted on both Utah license plates and a postage stamp commemorating Utahs centennial anniversary of statehood in 1996. ... Categories: US geography stubs ... Double Arch The view from inside Double Arch towards the trail and car park. ... Categories: Stub | Natural arches ... This article is about the Bible story. ... In myrmecology and forest ecology, a devils garden is a large stand of trees almost exclusively of a single species, duroia hirsuta. ... Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley National Park In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by eolian (wind-related) processes. ... This article is about the sand formations, for other meanings see Dune (disambiguation) Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley National Park In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by eolian (wind-related) processes. ...

Geology

The national park lies atop an underground salt bed, which is the main cause of the formation of the arches and spires, balanced rocks, sandstone fins, and eroded monoliths in the area. Thousands of feet thick in places, this salt bed was deposited over the Colorado Plateau some 300 million years ago when a sea flowed into the region and eventually evaporated. Over millions of years, the salt bed was covered with residue from floods and winds and the oceans that came in intervals. Much of this debris was compressed into rock. At one time this overlying earth may have been one mile thick. This article is about the geological formation. ... The Colorado Plateau, also called the Colorado Plateaus Province, is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. ...


Salt under pressure is unstable, and the salt bed below Arches was no match for the weight of this thick cover of rock. Under such pressure it shifted, buckled, liquefied, and repositioned itself, thrusting the Earth layers upward into domes. Whole sections fell into cavities. In places they turned almost on edge. Faults occurred. The result of one such 2,500-foot displacement, the Moab Fault, is seen from the visitor center. Geologic faults, fault lines or simply faults are planar rock fractures, which show evidence of relative movement. ... A Visitor, in United Kingdom law and history, is an overseer of an autonomous ecclesiastical or eleemosynary institution (i. ...


As this subsurface movement of salt shaped the Earth, surface erosion stripped away the younger rock layers. Except for isolated remnants, the major formations visible in the park today are the salmon-colored Entrada Sandstone, in which most of the arches form, and the buff-colored Navajo Sandstone. These are visible in layer cake fashion throughout most of the park. Over time water seeped into the superficial cracks, joints, and folds of these layers. Ice formed in the fissures, expanding and putting pressure on surrounding rock, breaking off bits and pieces. Winds later cleaned out the loose particles. A series of free-standing fins remained. Wind and water attacked these fins until, in some, the cementing material gave way and chunks of rock tumbled out. Many damaged fins collapsed. Others, with the right degree of hardness and balance, survived despite their missing sections. These became the famous arches. This article is about common table salt. ... Entrada Sandstone capped by Curtis Formation in Capitol Reef National Parks Cathedral Valley The Entrada Sandstone is a formation in the San Rafael Group that is spread across the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, northwest New Mexico, northeast Arizona and southeast Utah. ... This article belongs in one or more categories. ...


History

Humans have occupied the region since the last ice age 10,000 years ago. Fremont people and Ancient Pueblo People lived in the area up until about 700 years ago. Spanish missionaries encountered Ute and Paiute tribes in the area when they first came through in 1775, but the first European-Americans to attempt settlement in the area were the Mormon Elk Mountain Mission in 1855, who soon abandoned the area. Ranchers, farmers, and prospectors later settled Moab in the neighboring riverine valley in the 1880s. Word of the beauty in the surrounding rock formations spread beyond the settlement as a possible tourist destination. Suggestions that the area be set aside for a National Park were brought to national attention early in the 20th century.[1] Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... Categories: Native American tribes | Stub ... Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park Ancient Pueblo People, or Ancestral Puebloans is the preferred term for the group of peoples often known as Anasazi who are the ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the history and use of the word Mormon. For information about the religious beliefs and culture of Mormons, see Mormonism. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Rock formations as used in this article refers to isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrops. ...


The Arches area was first brought to the attention of the National Park Service by Frank A. Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. Wadleigh, accompanied by railroad photographer George L. Beam, visited the area in September 1923 at the invitation of Alexander Ringhoffer, a Hungarian-born prospector living in Salt Valley. Ringhoffer had written to the railroad in an effort to interest them in the tourist potential of a scenic area he had discovered the previous year with his two sons and a son-in-law, which he called the "Devil's Garden" (known today as the "Klondike Bluffs"). Wadleigh was impressed by what Ringhoffer showed him, and suggested to Park Service director Stephen T. Mather that the area be made a national monument. The Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (AAR reporting mark DRG and DRGW) generally referred to as the Rio Grande, became the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad in 1920, and is today a fallen flag (a railroad that has been absorbed into a larger system -- Union Pacific -- as the result... Prospecting is the physical search for minerals, fossils, precious metals or mineral specimens, and is also known as fossicking. ...


The following year additional support for the monument idea came from Laurence M. Gould, a University of Michigan graduate student studying the geology of the nearby La Sal mountains, who was shown the scenic area by retired local physician Dr. J.W. "Doc" Williams.

A panoramic view of sandstone fins of the Fiery Furnace.
A panoramic view of sandstone fins of the Fiery Furnace.
A panoramic view of Tower of Babel.
A panoramic view of Tower of Babel.

A succession of government investigators examined the area, in part due to confusion as to the precise location. In the process the name "Devil's Garden" was transposed to an area on the opposite side of Salt Valley, and Ringhoffer's original discovery was omitted, while another area nearby, known locally as "The Windows", was included. Designation of the area as a national monument was supported by the Park Service from 1926, but was resisted by President Calvin Coolidge's Interior Secretary. Finally in April 1929, shortly after his inauguration, President Herbert Hoover signed a presidential proclamation creating Arches National Monument, consisting of two comparatively small, disconnected sections. The purpose of the reservation under the 1906 Antiquities Act was to protect the arches, spires, balanced rocks, and other sandstone formations for their scientific and educational value. The name "Arches" was suggested by Frank Pinkely, superintendent of the Park Service's southwestern national monuments, following a visit to the Windows section in 1925. Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933), was a mining engineer and author. ... The Antiquities Act of 1906 is an act passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by Theodore Roosevelt giving the President of the United States authority to place certain lands under control of the federal government by executive order, bypassing Congressional oversight. ...


In late 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a proclamation which enlarged the Arches to protect additional scenic features and permit development of facilities to promote tourism. A small adjustment was made by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1960 to accommodate a new road alignment. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... FDR redirects here. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower (October 14, 1890–March 28, 1969), American soldier and politician, was the 34th President of the United States (1953–1961) and supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II, with the rank of General of the Army. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


In early 1969, just before leaving office, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed a proclamation substantially enlarging the Arches. Two years later President Richard Nixon signed legislation enacted by Congress which significantly reduced the area of Arches, but changed its status to a National Park. Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... LBJ redirects here. ... Nixon redirects here. ...


Recreational activities

Climbing of named arches within the park has long been banned by park regulations. However, following a successful free climb of Delicate Arch by Dean Potter on May 6, 2006, the wording of the regulations was deemed unenforceable by the park attorney. In response, on May 9, 2006, the park revised its regulations as follows: In free soloing and bouldering, the climber carries nothing but a chalk bag. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An attorney is someone who represents someone else in the transaction of business: For attorney-at-law, see lawyer, solicitor, barrister or civil law notary. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

"All rock climbing or similar activities on any arch or natural bridge named on the United States Geological Survey 7.5 minute topographical maps covering Arches National Park are prohibited."[2]

Climbing of other features in the park is allowed, but regulated. The revised regulations also prohibit slacklining parkwide. Approved recreational activities include auto touring, backpacking, biking, camping, and hiking, some of which require permits. There are also guided commercial tours and ranger programs. InsertSLUTTY WHORES≤ non-formatted text here{| class=toccolours border=1 cellpadding=4 style=float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right; |+ United States Geological Survey |- |style= align=center colspan=2| [[Image:USGS logo. ... Image:Toureffielslackline. ...


Publicity

American writer Edward Abbey was a park ranger at Arches National Monument where he kept journals that became his book Desert Solitaire. The success of this book, as well as the rise in adventure-based recreation, has drawn many hikers, mountain-bikers, and off-road enthusiasts to the area, but activities are limited within park boundaries: camping, foot hiking (along designated trails), and driving only along marked roads. Edward Paul Abbey (January 29, 1927 - March 14, 1989) was an American author and essayist noted for his advocacy of environmental issues and criticism of public land policies. ... NPS director Mary Bomar in her park ranger uniform A park ranger is a person charged with protecting and preserving protected parklands, forests (then called a forest ranger), wilderness areas, as well as other natural resources and protected cultural resources. ... Desert Solitaire is a Literary nonfiction work by Edward Abbey (1927-89), published originally in 1968, and arguably his best book. ... Adventure tourism is a type of niche tourism involving exploration or travel to remote areas, where the traveler should expect the unexpected. ... Many beautiful natural scenes are only accessible if one is willing to hike to get to them. ... A hardtail mountain bike. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Off-roading. ...


The opening scenes of the movie Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade were filmed at the park. This article is about the film. ...


Biology

The Western collared lizard
The Western collared lizard

There is an abundance of wildlife in Arches NP. The list includes: spadefoot toad, scrub jay, peregrine falcon, many kinds of sparrows, red Fox, desert bighorn sheep, kangaroo rat, mule Deer, mountain lion, midget faded rattlesnake, yucca moth, many types of cyanobacteria, Western rattlesnake, and the Western collared lizard. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A Spadefoot Toad can refer to: The European Spadefoot Toad The American Spadefoot Toads Category: ... Species Aphelocoma californica – Western Scrub Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens – Florida Scrub Jay Aphelocoma insularis – Island Scrub Jay Aphelocoma ultramarina – Mexican Jay Aphelocoma unicolor – Unicolored Jay The scrub jays are passerine birds of the genus Aphelocoma. ... Binomial name Tunstall, 1771 Global range Yellow: Breeding summer visitor Green: Breeding resident Blue: Winter visitor Light blue: Passage visitor Subspecies 17-19, see text Synonyms Falco atriceps Hume Falco kreyenborgi Kleinschmidt, 1929 Falco pelegrinoides madens Ripley & Watson, 1963 Rhynchodon peregrinus (Tunstall, 1771) and see text The Peregrine Falcon (Falco... For the Sparrow air-to-air missile, see AIM-7 Sparrow. ... For the American comedian, see Redd Foxx. ... Trinomial name Ovis canadensis nelsoni The Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) is a subspecies of Bighorn Sheep that occurs in the desert Southwest regions of the United States. ... Species 22, see text Kangaroo rats, genus Dipodomys, are small rodents native to North America. ... Binomial name (Rafinesque, 1817) The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer whose habitat is in the western half of North America. ... Binomial name Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) The puma (Puma concolor) is a type of large cat found in North, Central and South America. ... Genera Parategeticula Tegeticula Prodoxus The Prodoxidae is a family of moths commonly known as the yucca moths. ... Orders The taxonomy is currently under revision. ... Binomial name Crotalus viridis (Rafinesque, 1818) Synonyms Crotalinus viridis - Rafinesque, 1818 Crotalurus viridis - Rafinesque, 1820 Crotalus confluentus - Say In James, 1823 Crotalus Lecontei - Hallowell, 1852 C[audisona]]. confluenta - Cope, 1867 [Caudisona confluenta] Var. ...


Plants also dominate the landscape in the park. The list of plants includes: prickly pear cactus, Indian ricegrass, bunch grasses, cheatgrass, lichen, moss, liverworts, Utah juniper, Mormon tea, blackbrush, cliffrose, four-winged saltbrush, pinyon pine, stemless woollybase, evening primrose, sand verbena, yucca, and sacred datura. Species Many, see text Opuntia is a genus in the cactus family Cactaceae. ... Binomial name Oryzopsis hymenoides Indian ricegrass, Oryzopsis hymenoides, a native perennial bunchgrass, was officially recognized as the Utah state grass in 1990 (Utah Code). ... Any grass of the poaceae family that grows in clumps or tufts may be called bunch grass. ... For other uses, see Lichen (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moss (disambiguation). ... Orders Need to be entered Liverworts are non-vascular plants in the Class Marchantiopsida, formerly known as the Hepaticae. ... Binomial name Juniperus osteosperma (Torr. ... Species See text Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. ... Species See text Purshia (bitterbrush or cliff-rose) is a small genus of 5-8 species of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to western North America, where they grow in dry climates from southeast British Columbia in Canada south throughout the western United States to northern Mexico. ... Binomial name (Pursh) Nutt. ... Species Section Cembroides     Pinus cembroides     Pinus orizabensis     Pinus johannis     Pinus culminicola     Pinus remota     Pinus edulis     Pinus monophylla     Pinus quadrifolia Section Rzedowskiae     Pinus rzedowskii     Pinus pinceana     Pinus maximartinezii Section Nelsoniae     Pinus nelsonii The pinyon (or piñon) pine group grows in the southwestern United States and in Mexico. ... Evening Primrose was a television musical written in 1966 by Stephen Sondheim and James Goldman for ABC Televisions Stage 67. ... Species About 35-40, including: Abronia cycloptera Abronia fragrans Abronia latifolia : Yellow Sand Verbena Abronia maritima Abronia pogonantha Abronia umbellata Abronia villosa Abronia also known as sand-verbena is a genus of about 35-40 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the family Nyctaginaceae. ... Species many, see text The yuccas comprise the genus Yucca of 40-50 species of perennials, shrubs, and trees in the agave family Agavaceae, notable for their rosettes of evergreen, tough, sword-shaped leaves and large terminal clusters of white or whitish flowers. ... Binomial name Datura wrightii Regel Datura wrightii is the name of a poisonous weed, sometimes used as a hallucinogen, commonly called Sacred Datura. ...


Notes

  1. ^ "Immense Natural Bridges in Utah; Paintings of Three Extraordinary Freaks of Nature Recently Discovered in an Untrodden Desert Far from Trails and Railroads," New York Times. March 31, 1907.
  2. ^ Lisa J. Church, Salt Lake Tribune. Park tweaks rules after Delicate Arch climb. Retrieved on May 10, 2006.

References

The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally owned land. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Arches National Park
  • Arches National Park Official site
  • Arches National Park travel guide from Wikitravel
  • Arches Canyoneering and Hiking Information


 
 

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