Archibald Hill

Archibald Vivian Hill (1886-1977)
Born	September 26, 1886 Bristol, UK
Died	June 3, 1977 (aged 90) Cambridge, UK
Residence	UK
Nationality	English
Field	Physiologist and biophysicist
Institutions	Cambridge University Victoria University of Manchester University College, London
Alma mater	Cambridge University
Academic advisor	Walter Morley Fletcher
Notable students	Ralph Fowler Bernard C. Abbott Bernard Katz
Known for	Mechanical work in muscles Founding biophysics
Notable prizes	Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1922)
He is notably the father of Polly Hill, David Keynes Hill and Maurice Hill.

Archibald Vivian Hill CH CBE FRS (September 26, 1886 – June 3, 1977) was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research. He shared (with Otto Meyerhof) the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of mechanical work in muscles. Image File history File links Archibald_Hill. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the English city. ... June 3 is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Geography Status City (1951) Region East of England Admin. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... The Victoria University of Manchester (VUM) was a large university in Manchester in England. ... The Front Quad University College London, commonly known as UCL, is one of the colleges that make up the University of London. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... Sir Walter Morley Fletcher (1873-1933) was a British physiologist and administrator. ... Ralph Howard Fowler (January 17, 1889 – July 28, 1944) was a British physicist and astronomer. ... Sir Bernard Katz FRS (March 26, 1911 – April 20, 2003) was a German-born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. ... In physics, mechanical work is the amount of energy transferred by a force. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physics, to questions of biology. ... Image File history File links Nobel. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Polly Hill, (June 14, 1914-August 21, 2005) was a British economic historian of West Africa, and an Emeritus Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. ... David Keynes Hill FRS (23 July 1915-18 August 2002) was a British biophysicist. ... Maurice Neville Hill FRS (29 May 1919 - 11 January 1966) was a British marine geophysicist. ... The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. ... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... June 3 is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physics, to questions of biology. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Operations management. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... In physics, mechanical work is the amount of energy transferred by a force. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ...

Biography

Born in Bristol, he graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge as third wrangler in the mathematics tripos before turning to physiology. His early work involved the characterization of what came to be known as Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the use of the Hill coefficient. He made many exacting measurements of the physics of nerves and muscles and is regarded, along with Hermann Helmholtz as one of the founders of biophysics. This article is about the English city. ... Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names King’s Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street... At the University of Cambridge, a wrangler is a student who has completed the third year (called Part II) of the Mathematical Tripos with first-class honours. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... The University of Cambridge, England, divides the different kinds of honours bachelors degree by Tripos, a word which has an obscure etymology, but which may be traced to the three-legged stool candidates once used to sit on when taking oral examinations. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Michaelis-Menten kinetics describes the kinetics of many enzymes. ... In biochemistry, the binding of a ligand to a macromolecule is often enhanced if there are already other ligands present on the same macromolecule (this is known as Cooperative binding). ... The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the branch of science concerned with the discovery and characterization of universal laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. ... Nerves (yellow) Nerves redirects here. ... Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist. ...

In 1913 he married Margaret Keynes, daughter of the economist John Neville Keynes, and sister of the economist John Maynard Keynes and the surgeon Geoffrey Keynes. They had two sons and two daughters: Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... John Neville Keynes (31 August 1852 - 15 November 1949) was a British economist and father of John Maynard Keynes. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes (March 25, 1887 in Cambridge - July 5, 1982, in Cambridge) was an English surgeon, physician, scholar and bibliophile. ...

• Polly Hill (1914 -2005), economist, married K.A.C. Humphreys, registrar of the West African Examinations Council.
• David Keynes Hill (1915-2002), physiologist
• Maurice Hill (1919-1966), oceanographer
• Janet Hill (?-?) child psychiatrist, married the immunologist John Herbert Humphrey.

In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, Hill joined the British army and assembled a team working on ballistics and operations research. The team included many notable physicists including Ralph H. Fowler, Douglas Hartree and Arthur Milne. Polly Hill, (June 14, 1914-August 21, 2005) was a British economic historian of West Africa, and an Emeritus Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... David Keynes Hill FRS (23 July 1915-18 August 2002) was a British biophysicist. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Maurice Neville Hill FRS (29 May 1919 - 11 January 1966) was a British marine geophysicist. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... John Herbert Humphrey CBE FRS FRCP (16 December 1915 - 25 December 1987) was a British bacteriologist and immunologist. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Ballistics (gr. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Operations management. ... Articles with similar titles include physician, a person who practices medicine. ... Sir Ralph Howard Fowler FRS (January 17, 1889 – July 28, 1944) was a British physicist and astronomer. ... Douglas Rayner Hartree (March 27, 1897 - February 12, 1958) was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to atomic physics. ... Edward Arthur Milne (February 14, 1896 – September 21, 1950) was a British mathematician and astrophysicist. ...

Hill returned to Cambridge in 1919 before taking the chair in physiology at the Victoria University of Manchester in 1920. Parallelling the work of German Otto Fritz Meyerhof he elucidated the processes whereby mechanical work is produced in muscles. The two shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Victoria University of Manchester (VUM) was a large university in Manchester in England. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Otto Fritz Meyerhof (April 12, 1884 – October 6, 1951), German-born physician and biochemist. ...

In 1923 he succeeded Ernest Starling as professor of physiology at University College, London, a post he held until his retirement in 1951. He continued as an active researcher until 1966. Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Categories: Stub | 1866 births | 1927 deaths ... The Front Quad University College London, commonly known as UCL, is one of the colleges that make up the University of London. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ...

World War II saw the beginning of Hill's extensive public service. Already in 1935 he was working with Patrick Blackett and Sir Henry Tizard on the committee that gave birth to Radar. He served as independent Member of Parliament for Cambridge University from 1940 to 1945), a post that enabled him to be active in defending fellow scientists persecuted by the regime of Adolf Hitler. He took part in many scientific missions to the USA. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... The Right Honourable Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett, OM, CH, FRS (18 November 1897–13 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism. ... Sir Henry Thomas Tizard (1885 - 1959) was a British scientist and inventor. ... This long range radar antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... Cambridge University was a university constituency electing two members to the House of Commons, from 1603 to 1950. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Hitler redirects here. ...

Honours

• Commander of the Order of the British Empire, (1918)
• Fellow of the Royal Society, (1918)
• Companion of Honour, (1946)
• Copley Medal of the Royal Society, (1948)

The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...

Bibliography

By Hill

• Hill, A.V., and Lupton, H. (1923). "Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilization of oxygen.". Quarterly Journal of Medicine 16: 135. 
• Hill, A.V., Long, C.N.H., and Lupton, H. (1924a). "Muscular exercise, lactic acid and the supply and utilization of oxygen. Pt. I-III". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 96: 438. 
• - (1924b). "Muscular exercise, lactic acid and the supply and utilization of oxygen. Pt. IV-VI". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 97: 84. 
• - (1924c). "Muscular exercise, lactic acid and the supply and utilization of oxygen. Pt. VII-IX". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 97: 155. 
• Hill, A.V. (1924-5). Textbook of Anti-Aircraft Gunnery, 2 vols
• - (1926). "The scientific study of athletics". Scientific American 224 (April). 
• - (1926a). Muscular Activity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 
• - (1926b). Muscular Activity: Herter Lectures - Sixteenth Course. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Company. 
• - (1927a). Muscular Movement in Man
• - (1927b). Living Machinery
• - (1928). "Myothermic apparatus". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 103: 117. 
• - (1931). Adventures in Biophysics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 
• - (1932) Chemical Wave Transmission in Nerve
• - (1960). The Ethical Dilemma of Science, and Other Writings. New York: Rockefeller Institute Press,. 
• - (1965). Trails and Trials in Physiology: A Bibliography, 1909-1964; with reviews of certain topics and methods and a reconnaissance for further research. London: Arnold. 

Scientific American is a popular-science magazine, published (first weekly and later monthly) since August 28, 1845, making it the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. ...

About Hill

• Katz, B. (1986). "Archibald Vivian Hill", Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p.406
• Lusk, G. (1925). Lectures on nutrition: 1924-1925. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. 
• Stevenson, L.G. (1953). Nobel Prize Winners in Medicine and Physiology: 1901-1950.. New York: Henry Schuman. 

The Dictionary of National Biography (or DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history. ...

External link

• Nobel biography