Captain Archibald Henry Maule Ramsay (May 4, 1894 - March 11, 1955) was a Scottish Army officer who later went into politics as a Conservative Member of Parliament. Although he was initially respected, from the late 1930s he developed increasingly strident anti-semitic views. In 1940 his involvement with a suspected spy at the American embassy led to his internment under Defence Regulation 18B, the only British MP to suffer this fate. May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 11 March is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Travel guide to Scotland from Wikitravel Transport in Scotland Timeline of Scottish history Caledonia List of not fully sovereign nations Subdivisions of Scotland National parks (Scotland) Traditional music of Scotland Flower of Scotland Wars of Scottish Independence National Trust for Scotland Historic houses in Scotland Castles in Scotland Museums in... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The Conservative Party is the largest political party on the right-of-centre in the United Kingdom. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ... // Events and trends The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the global depression. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The word internment is generally used to refer to the imprisonment or confinement of people, generally in prison camps or prisons, without due process of law and a trial. ... Defence Regulation 18B was the most famous of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during World War II. It allowed for the internment of people suspected of being Nazi sympathisers. ...

Capt. Archibald Maule Ramsay and Hon. Mrs. Ismay Ramsay at the Eton-Harrow Cricket match in 1937

Family and early life

Ramsay was from an aristocratic family (he was a descendent of the Earls of Dalhousie). He attended Eton College and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, joining the Coldstream Guards in 1913. On the outbreak of World War I he served in France for two years before being transferred to the War Office in London. Here he met and married Hon. Ismay Preston, daughter of Viscount Gormanston and widow of Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart MP, who had been killed on active service in the war. The title Earl of Dalhousie was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1633. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (that is, an independent, fee-charging secondary school) for boys. ... The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (commonly known as Sandhurst) is the British Army officer initial training centre. ... The Coldstream Guards is a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas. ... Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7,500,000 and a metropolitan area population of between 12 and 14 million. ...

As the war was coming to an end, Ramsay served at the British War Mission in Paris. He retired from the Army with the rank of Captain in 1920. He spent the 1920s as a company director, living in Kellie Castle near Arbroath, Angus, and became active in the Conservative Party. In the 1931 general election, Ramsay was elected as MP for Peebles and Southern Midlothian. He was regarded as a likeable and charming man (he was nicknamed 'Jock' among friends), who had a sincere and earnest approach and was an engaging and persuasive public speaker. However, Ramsay was not considered as a potential candidate for high office: the most senior appointment he obtained was as a Government member of the Potato Marketing Board. The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America and in Australia as the Roaring Twenties . In Europe it is sometimes refered to as the Golden Twenties. ... The ruined Arbroath Abbey, built from local red sandstone. ... Angus (Aonghas in Gaelic) is one of the traditional counties and also one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland and a Lieutenancy area. ... The Conservative Party is the largest political party on the right-of-centre in the United Kingdom. ... The UK general election on Tuesday 27 October 1931 was the last in the United Kingdom not held on a Thursday. ... Peeblesshire was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1708 until 1868, when it was combined with Selkirk to form Peebles and Selkirk. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (plural form: potatoes) (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ...

Spanish Civil War

When the Spanish Civil War broke out, Ramsay was a strong supporter of the Nationalists under Franco, largely arising out of his opposition to the anti-clericism of the Spanish Republicans and their alleged attacks on the Roman Catholic Church. In the early months of the war he objected in Parliament to what he saw as bias in BBC news reports on Spain, and pointed to links between Spanish Republicans and the Soviet Union. Late in 1937, Ramsay formed the 'United Christian Front' to combat attacks on Christianity 'which emanate from Moscow'. Many distinguished peers and churchmen joined, but the organization was criticized in a letter to The Times by senior religious figures including William Temple (Archbishop of York) and Donald Soper. The objectors said that, while they supported Christian unity, they could not support the United Christian Front as it was mainly concerned with the Spanish Civil War and "adopts a view of it which seems to us ill-founded". History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Spanish Civil... Francisco Franco Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (December 4, 1892 – November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalisimo Francisco Franco, was the dictator and Head of State of Spain from 1936/1939 until his death in 1975. ... Anti-clericalism is a movement that opposes religious interference into public and political life and more generally the encroachment of religion in the citizens lives. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... See also: Timeline of Christianity Beliefs Jesus crucifixion as portrayed by Diego Velázquez. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ... William Temple (1881 - 1944), Archbishop of Canterbury (1942 - 1944) was the second son of Archbishop Frederick Temple (1821-1902). ... Arms of the Archbishop of York The Archbishop of York, Primate of England, is the metropolitan bishop of the Province of York, and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England, after the Archbishop of Canterbury. ...

Ramsay became aware of a plan to hold a conference of freethinkers in London in 1938, which was being organized by the International Federation of Freethinkers. Together with his supporters in Parliament, he denounced this as a 'Godless Conference' which was organized by a Moscow-based organization. On June 28, 1938 he asked for permission to introduce as a Private Member's Bill the 'Aliens Restriction (Blasphemy) Bill' (which would have prohibited conference attendees from entering Britain); he won the vote by 165 to 134. Freethought is the practice of attempting to form ones opinions independently of or unlimited by tradition, authority, established belief, preconception, prejudice or any agenda that might compromise the free exercise of thought. ... Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7,500,000 and a metropolitan area population of between 12 and 14 million. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Private Members Bill is a proposed law introduced by a member of parliament, whether from the government or the opposition side, to that legislature or parliament. ... Look up Blasphemy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Blasphemy is the defamation of the name of God. ...

Anti-Semitism

Ramsay's opposition to Communism led him to look to other countries for examples. On January 13, 1938 he had given a speech to the Arbroath Business Club in which he observed that Hitler's antipathy to Jews arose from his knowledge "that the real power behind the Third International is a group of revolutionary Jews". Some time later in 1938 he read 'The Rulers of Russia' by Rev. Denis Fahey CSSp which contended that of 59 members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1935, 56 were Jews and the remaining three were married to Jews. At the same time, Ramsay was also becoming more sympathetic to Germany: in September he wrote to The Times to defend the right of the Sudetenland to self-determination. January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... â–¶(?) (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945) was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 and Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Chancellor) of Germany from 1934 to his death by suicide. ... The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, Tseka, was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Sudetenland (-German; Czech: Sudety) was the name used from 1938–45 for the region inhabited mostly by Sudeten Germans (German: Sudetendeutsche, Czech: SudetÅ¡tí NÄ›mci) in the various places of Bohemia, Moravia, and parts of Silesia. ...

On November 15, Ramsay was invited to a luncheon party at the German Embassy in London where he met some noted British sympathizers with Nazi Germany, including Barry Domvile. In December he introduced another Private Member's Bill called the 'Companies Act (1929) Amendment Bill' which would require shares in news agencies and newspapers to be held openly and not through nominees. In his speech promoting the Bill, Ramsay claimed the press was being manipulated and controlled by 'international financiers' based in New York who wanted to "thrust this country into a war". Ramsay was given permission to introduce his Bill by 151 to 104. In December 1938, 'The Fascist' (journal of the Imperial Fascist League) declared that Ramsay had 'become Jew-wise' (a term which indicated someone who had come to believe in a Jewish conspiracy). November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... Admiral Sir Barry Edward Domvile, KBE CB CMG, (1878-1971) was a distinguished Royal Navy officer who turned into a leading British fascist. ... State nickname: The Empire State Official languages None. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Imperial Fascist League was a British political movement founded by Arnold Leese in 1929. ...

Controversy

Archibald Maule Ramsay MP and Hon. Mrs. Ismay Ramsay at the Arbroath Business Club in January 1939

On January 10, 1939 Hon. Mrs. Ismay Ramsay gave another speech to the Arbroath Business Club at which she claimed the national press was "largely under Jewish control", that "an international group of Jews .. were behind world revolution in every single country" and that Hitler "must .. have had his reasons for what he did". The speech was reported in the local newspaper and attracted the attention of the Chief Rabbi for Scotland, Dr. Salis Daiches, who wrote to The Scotsman challenging Mrs Ramsay to produce evidence. Ramsay wrote on her behalf citing Rev. Fahey's booklet, and the resulting correspondence lasted for nearly a month - including a letter from 11 Ministers of the Church of Scotland in the County of Peebles repudiating the views of their MP. January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events January-March January 2 - End of term for Frank Finley Merriam, 28th Governor of California. ... The Scotsmans offices in Edinburgh The Scotsman is a Scottish newspaper published in Edinburgh. ... The Church of Scotland (C of S, also known informally as The Kirk; until the 17th century officially the Kirk of Scotland) is the Christian national church of Scotland. ...

Some members of Ramsay's local Conservative Association in Peebles were not pleased by what they considered negative publicity. However, Ramsay reassured them that he would continue to be a supporter of Neville Chamberlain and the National Government. Ramsay made attempts to make controversial speeches to private meetings rather than in public. On April 27 he spoke to a branch of the (anti-semitic) Nordic League in Kilburn which attacked Neville Chamberlain for introducing conscription "at the instigation of the Jews" and claimed that the Conservative Party "relies on .. Jew money". Old Parish Church, Peebles Location within the British Isles Peebles 55°39′ N 3°11′ W is a burgh in the traditional county of Peeblesshire (of which it is the county town), in the Scottish Borders, lying on the River Tweed. ... The Right Honourable Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937–1940. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... The Nordic League was a far right organisation in the United Kingdom. ... Kilburn is a area of North London on the border of the London Borough of Brent and the London Borough of Camden. ...

The Right Club

After the controversy over the January speech died down, Ramsay decided that he needed to make others aware of the threat so that they would rid the Conservative Party of Jewish control. To this end he set up 'The Right Club' in May 1939, noting down those who had joined in a red leather-bound and lockable ledger (the 'Red Book'). There were 135 names on the men's list and 100 on a separate Ladies list; the members of the Right Club include a broad spectrum of those known to be anti-semitic (including William Joyce), those who were in some respects 'fellow travellers' with anti-semitism, and some friends of Ramsay who may have joined without knowing the actual functions of the Club. At its early meetings, the Duke of Wellington took the chair. The logo of the Right Club, seen on its badge, was of an eagle killing a snake with the initials "P.J." (which stood for 'Perish Judah'). // Events January-March January 2 - End of term for Frank Finley Merriam, 28th Governor of California. ... William Joyce (April 24, 1906 – January 3, 1946), known as Lord Haw-Haw was a fascist politician and Nazi propaganda broadcaster to the United Kingdom during World War II. A condemned war-time traitor, he was controversially executed for treason. ... Genera Several, see below. ... Superfamilies and Families Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ...

While Ramsay was attempting to launch the Right Club, he spoke at a meeting of the Nordic League at the Wigmore Hall at which a reporter from the Daily Worker was present and reported Ramsay as saying that they needed to end Jewish control, "and if we don't do it constitutionally, we'll do it with steel" (a statement greeted with wild applause). The popular magazine John Bull picked up on the report and challenged Ramsay to contradict it or explain himself. Ramsay's local constituency newspaper, the Peeblesshire Advertiser, made the same challenge and Ramsay responded by admitting he had made the speech, citing the fact that three halls had refused to host the meeting as evidence of Jewish control. The Wigmore Hall is a concert hall specialising in classical music in Wigmore Street London. ... For other uses, see Morning Star. ... World War I recruiting poster John Bull is a national personification of Britain created by Dr. John Arbuthnot in 1712 and popularized first by British print makers and then overseas by illustrators such as American cartoonist Thomas Nast. ...

Outbreak of war

On the second day of World War II (September 4, 1939), Ramsay sat in the Library of the House of Commons writing a poem which was later to be printed and distributed by the Right Club. It ran: World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... // Events January-March January 2 - End of term for Frank Finley Merriam, 28th Governor of California. ... The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and is now the dominant branch of Parliament. ...

Land of dope and Jewry

Land that once was free

All the Jew boys praise thee

Whilst they plunder thee

Poorer still and poorer

Grow thy true-born sons

Faster still and faster

They're sent to feed the guns.

Land of Jewish finance

Fooled by Jewish lies

In press and books and movies

While our birthright dies

Longer still and longer

Is the rope they get

But — by the God of battles

'Twill serve to hang them yet.

When the Secretary of State for War Leslie Hore-Belisha (a frequent target of anti-semitism) was forced out of office, Ramsay distributed in the House of Commons many copies of Truth (a magazine closely connected to Neville Chamberlain) which argued that Hore-Belisha was no loss to the government. He also put down a motion which cited the regretful reactions of many newspapers to Hore-Belisha's sacking as evidence of Jewish control of the press. The position of Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, a British cabinet-level position, first applied to Henry Dundas (appointed in 1794). ... Isaac Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha (September 7, 1893 - February 16, 1957) was a British Member of Parliament and Cabinet minister who is remembered for his innovations in road transport and for being an alleged victim of anti-semitism. ...

Privately, Ramsay had been invited to some of the 'Secret Meetings' at which right-wing opponents of the war discussed tactics. However, after they grew to be dominated by Oswald Mosley and his supporters, Ramsay withdrew. The Right Club spent the phony war period distributing propaganda in the form of leaflets and 'sticky-backs' (adhesive labels containing slogans), with Ramsay later explaining that he wanted "to maintain the atmosphere in which the 'phoney war', as it was called, might be converted into an honourable negotiated peace." In addition to Ramsay's "Land of dope and Jewry" rhyme, the slogans included "War destroys workers" and "This is a Jews' War"; some of the leaflets asserted "the stark truth is that this war was plotted and engineered by the Jews for world-power and vengeance". Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley, 6th Bt. ... Ministry of Home Security Poster The Phony War, or in Winston Churchills words the Twilight War, was the phase of World War II marked by no military operations in Continental Europe, that followed the collapse of Poland. ...

House of Commons

In Parliament, Ramsay attacked the internment procedure of Defence Regulation 18B and opposed the arrest of anti-semitic speaker 'Jock' Houston under the Public Order Act of 1936. On March 20, 1940, he asked a question about a propaganda radio station set up by Germany which gave its precise wavelength, which was suspected by both his allies and opponents as a subtle way of advertising it. On May 9, he asked for an assurance from the Home Secretary "that he refuses to be stampeded .. by a ramp in our Jew-ridden press?" His increasingly open anti-semitism was picked up by Labour and other MPs and referred to in debate. Defence Regulation 18B was the most famous of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during World War II. It allowed for the internment of people suspected of being Nazi sympathisers. ... The Public Order Act 1936 is the name of the UK law which helped the government to control extremist political movements in the 1930s. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (130th in leap years). ... The Labour Party is the principal centre-left political party in the United Kingdom (see British politics). ...

Internment

Tyler Kent's Metropolitan Police booking photo

One of the last members to join the Right Club was Tyler Kent, a cypher clerk at the American Embassy in London. Ramsay gave Kent the ledger containing the list of Right Club members for safe-keeping. Unfortunately for Ramsay, Kent was stealing top-secret documents from the embassy and had already fallen under suspicion for so doing. On May 20, Kent's flat was raided and he was arrested; the locked 'Red Book' was forced open. Ramsay's involvement with Kent was extremely concerning to the authorities as Ramsay enjoyed Parliamentary privilege: if Kent had given his stolen documents to Ramsay, it would have been impossible to prevent their publication, which may have seriously damaged the war effort. The Cabinet decided to extend Regulation 18B to give more power to detain people suspected of disloyalty. Tyler Gatewood Kent (March 24, 1911 - November 20, 1988) was an American diplomat and traitor who, while working as a cypher clerk at the US Embassy in London, stole thousands of secret documents. ... 20 May is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ...

Ramsay was arrested and lodged in Brixton prison on an order under Defence Regulation 18B on May 23, 1940. From the start he engaged solicitors (Oswald Hickson, Collier & Co.) through whom he attempted to defend his reputation. When Lord Marley said in the House of Lords that Ramsay was Hitler's chosen Gauleiter for Scotland in the event of an invasion, Oswald Hickson, Collier immediately sent off a letter of complaint. Defence Regulation 18B was the most famous of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during World War II. It allowed for the internment of people suspected of being Nazi sympathisers. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ... A Gauleiter was the party leader of a regional branch of the NSDAP (more commonly known as the Nazi Party) or the head of a Gau or of a Reichsgau. ...

As an 18B detainee, Ramsay's only legal method of challenging his detention was to appeal to the Advisory Committee under Norman Birkett which recommended continued detention. However, as a Member of Parliament, some of Ramsay's colleagues argued that his detention was a breach of Parliamentary privilege. The detention was referred to the Committee of Privileges, but on October 9 it reported that detention was not a breach of privilege. (William) Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett (September 6, 1883 - February 10, 1962) was a noted British Barrister and judge who served as the alternate British Judge during the Nuremberg trials after World War II. Norman Birkett KC MP in 1930 Norman Birkett was a native of Ulverston near Barrow-in... Parliamentary privilege, also known as absolute privilege, is a legal mechanism employed within the legislative bodies of countries whose constitutions are based on the Westminster system. ... The Committee on Standards and Privileges of the UK House of Commons was established in 1995 to replace the earlier Committee of Privileges. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (283rd in Leap years). ...

Libel trial

The New York Times published an article on "Britain's Fifth Column" in July 1940 which claimed "informed American sources said that he had sent to the German Legation in Dublin treasonable information given to him by Tyler Kent". Ramsay sued for libel, resulting in a trial in July 1941 in which he asserted his loyalty to Britain. However some of Ramsay's answers did him extreme damage, for example when he was asked if he wanted Nazism to be defeated, and replied, substituting 'Germany' for 'Nazism': "Not only Germany, but also the Judaic menace". In summing-up the Judge said he was convinced Hitler would call Ramsay 'friend' and that Ramsay was disloyal in heart and soul to his King, his Government, and the people. The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Ireland, located near the midpoint of Irelands east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. ... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement that negatively affects someones reputation. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

However, the New York Times could not defend its story, having found no evidence that Ramsay had communicated anything to the German Legation in Dublin, and it was found guilty. The Judge awarded a farthing in damages, the customary award for a libel plaintiff adjudged to have brought it on themselves; as the New York Times had already paid £75 into court, Ramsay became liable for both prosecution and defence costs. Another consequence of the trial was that Ramsay's local Conservative Association disowned him completely. A farthing (presumably from four thing) was a British coin worth one quarter of a penny. ...

Subsequent political activity

Ramsay continued occasionally to put down written Parliamentary questions from jail, sometimes taking up the cases of fellow 18Bs. His eldest son Alec, serving in the Scots Guards, died of pneumonia on active service in South Africa in August 1943. Ramsay was finally released from detention on September 26, 1944, being one of the last few 18B detainees. His only significant action in the remainder of the Parliament was a motion calling for the reinstatement of the Statute of Jewry passed under King Edward I. He did not defend his seat in the 1945 general election. The Scots Guards are a regiment of the British Army and have a long and proud history stretching back hundreds of years. ... Pneumonia is an illness of the lungs and respiratory system in which the microscopic, air-filled sacs (alveoli) responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere become inflamed and flooded with fluid. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the history of the Jewish people in England. ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved fame... The United Kingdom General Election of 1945 held on 5 July 1945 but not counted and declared until 26 July 1945 (due to the time it took to transport the votes of those serving overseas) was one of the most significant general elections of the 20th century. ...

In 1952 Ramsay wrote The Nameless War, as an autobiography and a plea to justify his actions. He attended some far right political meetings but did not attract attention. He died in 1955. 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... An autobiography (from the Greek auton, self, bios, life and graphein, write) is a biography written by the subject or composed conjointly with a collaborative writer (styled as told to or with). The term dates from the late eighteenth century, but the form is much older. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sources

• "The Nameless War" by Archibald Maule Ramsay (Britons Publishing Company, London, 1952) - text available online here
• "Conspirator: The Untold Story of Churchill, Roosevelt and Tyler Kent, Spy" by Ray Bearse and Anthony Read (Macmillan, London, 1991)
• "Patriotism Perverted: Captain Ramsay, the Right Club and British Anti-Semitism 1939-40" by Richard Griffiths (Constable, London, 1998)