Centum cellas, Roman ruin

Since the 2nd millennium BC, there has been important construction in the area where Portugal is situated today. Built before the arrival of the Romans, Citânia de Briteiros in Guimarães is a good example of native architecture. The houses were round, built from granite without mortar. They were built in settlements (castros) in the mountains, and were surrounded by protective walls. Image File history File links Centum_cellas. ... Image File history File links Centum_cellas. ... The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... District or region Braga Mayor   - Party Magalhães Silva PS Area 241. ... Castros de Baroña, Baroña, Porto Do Son, Coruña Castro de Troña, Pías, Ponteareas, Pontevedra Castro culture (Cultura Castreja in Portuguese, Cultura Castrexa in Galician and Cultura castreña in Spanish) is the archaeologists descriptor for the culture of the northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula...

Portugal boasts several scores of medieval castles, as well as the ruins of several villas and forts from the period of Roman occupation. Romanesque and Gothic influences have given Portugal some of its greatest cathedrals, and in the 16th century a national style (Arte Manuelina) was synthesized by adapting several forms into a luxuriantly ornamented whole. Manueline interior of the Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon. ...

Roman period

Roman Temple in Évora.

Portuguese architecture developed significantly with the arrival of the Romans (in the 2nd century BC), and evolved more closely towards other architecture around the Mediterranean. The Romans built aqueducts, bridges and roads, along with theatres, temples, circuses and other public buildings. There are particular ruins of buildings made by the Romans, called Centum Cellas whose purpose has yet to be discovered. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2760x1888, 3763 KB) Templo Romano, mais conhecido como Templo de Diana, situado em (Évora,Portugal) Roman Temple, known as Dianas Temple, in (Évora,Portugal) Created by: flissphil Upload by: User:Rei-artur Date: September 28, 2005 Foto: 59792142 File links... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2760x1888, 3763 KB) Templo Romano, mais conhecido como Templo de Diana, situado em (Évora,Portugal) Roman Temple, known as Dianas Temple, in (Évora,Portugal) Created by: flissphil Upload by: User:Rei-artur Date: September 28, 2005 Foto: 59792142 File links... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 2nd century BC started on January 1, 200 BC and ended on December 31, 101 BC. // Coin of Antiochus IV. Reverse shows Apollo seated on an omphalos. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ...

Romanesque style (1100-c. 1230)

In the wake of the duke Henry of Burgundy, founder of the House of Burgundy in Portugal, followed, besides a number of noblemen, also a number of monks of the monasteries of Cluny and Citeaux. They slowly introduced Romanesque architecture to Portugal, following the north-south path of the Reconquista. The churches in northern Portugal (Minho, Douro) are therefore older and more numerous than the churches in more southern parts. There are almost no traces left of Romanesque buildings south of Lisbon. Henry of Burgundy (1066–1112) was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death. ... The House of Burgundy (or Afonsine House) was the first dynasty of Kings of Portugal. ... Cluny nowadays The town of Cluny or Clugny lies in the modern-day département of Saône-et-Loire in the région of France, near Mâcon. ... 16th century Citeaux, perspective view (engraving) Cîteaux Abbey (abbaye de Cîteaux) is a Catholic abbey located in Saint-Nicolas-les-Cîteaux, south of France. ... South transept of Tournai Cathedral, Belgium, 12th century. ... For other senses of this word, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ...

Façade of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra

There have been two main Romanesque styles in Portugal : Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 887 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 887 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

• One style derived from the French architecture in Auvergne and closely related to the style of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia: the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (began mid-12th century), attributed to Masters Robert and Bernard. It is one of the most prominent Romesque churches in Portugal. The Lisbon cathedral, though largely rebuilt in later years) is rather similar.
  • Western-oriented church, usually with a façade with two towers, a barrel-vaulted nave and two aisles with galleries
  • East side : a transept with a tower over the crossing, and a choir with three radiating chapels
• The other style derived from the Burgundian style of the monastery church of Cluny : Braga Cathedral, begun c. 1090. This cathedral has lost most of its Romanesque character by the many alterations in later centuries.

Façade of Lisbon Cathedral

These massive Portuguese churches however are stylistically much simpler than their originals. Furthermore they have more the appearance of a fortress, accentuated by their massive walls and the small window openings. Auvergne coat of arms Auvergne (Occitan: Auvèrnha) was the name of an historically independent county in the center of France, as well as later a province of France. ... The Obradoiro façade of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela: an all-but-Gothic composition generated entirely of classical details Santiago de Compostela Cathedral is situated in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portuguese: Sé Velha de Coimbra) is the most important Romanesque building in Portugal. ... Santa Maria Maior de Lisboa or Sé de Lisboa is the cathedral of Lisbon and the oldest church in the city. ... Barrel vault In architecture, a barrel vault is an extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. ... Main façade of Braga Cathedral. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Se_de_Lisboa_Frente. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Se_de_Lisboa_Frente. ...

In the late 12th century more than 100 small Romanesque churches and monasteries were constructed in northern Portugal. Most are very simple, with a nave, a timber roof and a rectangular or semicircular apse. Their belfry usually stands apart. The best examples can be found in Bravães (near Ponte da Barca, the São Cristovão church in Rio Mau, the São Pedro de Rates church in Rates, the ancient Benedictine Monastery of São Salvador in Travanca, the São Pedro church in Roriz and the São Salvador monastery church of Paço de Sousa. (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... This article is about an architectural feature; for the astronomical term see apsis. ... District or region Viana do Castelo Mayor   - Party António Abreu PS Area 182. ... See also: rates (tax) A rate is a special kind of ratio, of two measurements with different units. ... Salvador and Baía de Todos os Santos from space, April 1997 Morning Street Scene, Bahia, Brazil, about 1900 Salvador (in full, São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, meaning Holy Savior of the Bay of All Saints) is a city on the northeast coast of Brazil... Roriz may refer to: Roriz (Barcelos), a parish in the municipality of Barcelos, Portugal Roriz (Chaves), a parish in the municipality of Chaves, Portugal Roriz (Santo Tirso), a parish in the municipality of Santo Tirso, Portugal João Pedro Roriz, a brazilian actor end writer. ...

Another remarkable building is the famous round church (rotunda) in the Convent of the Order of Christ of the castle of Tomar, built in the second half of the 12th century. One of the few surviving profane constructions is the ‘domus municipalis’ (‘council chamber’) of the citadel of Bragança. The Convent of the Order of Christ and Templar Castle, in Tomar was built in 1160 by Dom Gualdim Pais, provincial Master of the Order of the Temple in Portugal. ... District or region Santarém Mayor   - Party António Paiva PSD Area 351. ... Bragança can refer to: Bragança, a city and a district in Portugal In Brazil: Bragança, Pará Bragança Paulista, São Paulo Bragança (royal house) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The start of the construction of the Cathedral of Évora closes the Romanesque period, which lasted, contrary to the rest of Europe, well into the 13th century. Main façade of Évora Cathedral. ...

Gothic style (c. 1230 - c. 1450)

Flamboyant Gothic intermingled with manueline style in the Monastery of Batalha

The Gothic style only came late to Portugal, compared to the rest of Europe and was concentrated mainly in centre of the country. It was chiefly disseminated by mendicant orders. Many churches and cathedrals in Romanesque style were enlarged with a Gothic transept or other Gothic elements. Typical examples are the Sé of Porto, the Sé of Evora. and the Convent of the Order of Christ in Tomar. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 602 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 602 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... The Mendicant (or Begging) Orders are religious orders which depend directly on the riches of the people for their livelihood. ... The Convent of the Order of Christ and Templar Castle, in Tomar was built in 1160 by Dom Gualdim Pais, provincial Master of the Order of the Temple in Portugal. ...

The Cistercian church and monastery of Alcobaça (begun 1178 and modelled after their Citeaux mother house in France) were the first Gothic buildings in Portugal, and, together with the Monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra, it was one of the most important of the medieval monasteries in Portugal. Façade of the Monastery of Alcobaça. ... 16th century Citeaux, perspective view (engraving) Cîteaux Abbey (abbaye de Cîteaux) is a Catholic abbey located in Saint-Nicolas-les-Cîteaux, south of France. ... Santa Cruz Monastery The Santa Cruz Monastery, (English: Holy Cross Monastery, Portuguese: Mosteiro de Santa Cruz, best known as Igreja (Church) de Santa Cruz) is a National Monument in Coimbra, Portugal. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Centro  - Subregion Baixo Mondego  - District or A.R. Coimbra Mayor Carlos Encarnação  - Party PSD Area 319. ...

These churches however cannot rival with the beauty of many Gothic churches in other parts of Europe. However, there is one fine example that surpasses all other Gothic churches in Portugal : the Monastery of Santa Maria da Vitória na Batalha, where the Portuguese Flamboyant Gothic style, influenced by the English Perpendicular style, reaches its climax and came closest to International Gothic. Batalha Monastery is one of the most important Gothic sites in Portugal. ... Fig. ... International Gothic is a subset of Gothic art developed in Burgundy, Bohemia and northern Italy in the late 1300s and early 1400s. ...

Manueline style (c.1490 - c.1520)

Main article : Manueline

The Portuguese Late Gothic style stands apart from the rest of Europe by the development of the sumptuous Manueline style, incorporating maritime elements and several items brought back from the voyages of discovery. The style synthesizes aspects of Late Gothic architecture with Spanish, Italian, and Flemish elements. It marks the transition from Late Gothic to Renaissance. Introduced by Diogo Boitac in the Igreja de Jesus in Setubal, it reached its maturity in the Jerónimos Monastery in Belém, and culminated in flashy exuberance in the window of the Convent of Christ in Tomar. In architecture, manueline is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. ... In architecture, manueline is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. ... Diogo Boitac was an influential architect and engineer of some of the most important Portuguese buildings, working in Portugal in the first half of the 16th century. ... The Hieronymites Monastery (Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, pron. ...

Renaissance and Mannerism (c.1520 - c.1650)

Manueline Window of the Chapter House of the nave of the Convent church (circa 1510) in Tomar.

The adoption of the austere Renaissance style didn’t catch on well in Portugal. Introduced by a French architect in 1517, it was mainly practiced from the 1530s on by foreign architects and was therefore called estrangeirada (foreign-influenced). In later years this style slowly evolved into Mannerism. The painter and architect Francisco de Holanda, writer of the book Diálogos da Pintura Antiga (“Dialogues on Ancient Painting”), dissiminated in this treatise the fundamentals of this new style. Download high resolution version (768x1024, 206 KB)Tomar Convento de Cristo Chapter Window Photo by Cristian Chirita Submited By Cristian Chirita File links The following pages link to this file: Order of Christ Categories: GFDL images ... Download high resolution version (768x1024, 206 KB)Tomar Convento de Cristo Chapter Window Photo by Cristian Chirita Submited By Cristian Chirita File links The following pages link to this file: Order of Christ Categories: GFDL images ... Tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 1502, by Bramante. ... In Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, affected poses, and unclear perspective. ...

The basilica of Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Tomar was one of the earliest churches in pure Renaissance style. It was begun by the Castilian architect Diogo de Torralva in the period 1532-1540. Its beautiful and clear architecture turns it into one of the best early Renaissance buildings in Portugal. The small church of Bom Jesus de Valverde, south of Evora, attributed to both Manuel Pires and Diogo de Torralva, is another early example. District or region Santarém Mayor   - Party António Paiva PSD Area 351. ...

The most eminent example of this style is the Claustro de D. João III (Cloister of John III) in the Convent of the Order of Christ in Tomar. Started under the Portuguese King João III, it was finished during the reign of Philip I of Portugal (also King of Spain under the name of Philip II). The first architect was the Spaniard Diogo de Torralva, who began the work in 1557, only to be finished in 1591 by Philip II's architect, the Italian Filippo Terzi. This magnificent, two-storey cloister is considered one of the most important examples of Mannerist architecture in Portugal. The Convent of the Order of Christ and Templar Castle, in Tomar was built in 1160 by Dom Gualdim Pais, provincial Master of the Order of the Temple in Portugal. ... John III, King of Portugal KGF (Portuguese: João III pron. ... Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II de Habsburgo; Portuguese: Filipe I) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was the first official King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England (as husband of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, Lord... Coat of Arms of the King of Spain King of Spain redirects here. ... Mannerism is the usual English term for an approach to all the arts, particularly painting but not exclusive to it, a reaction to the High Renaissance, emerging after the Sack of Rome in 1527 shook Renaissance confidence, humanism and rationality to their foundations, and even Religion had split apart. ...

However, the best known Portuguese architect in this period was Afonso Álvares, whose works include the cathedrals of Leiria (1551-1574), Portalegre (begun 1556), and the church of São Roque in Lisbon. During this period he evolved into the Mannerist style. Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Centro  - Subregion Pinhal Litoral  - District or A.R. Leiria Mayor Isabel Damasceno Campos Costa  - Party PSD Area 564,66 km² km² Population  - Total 119,870 hab. ... Portalegre is a city in Portugal. ... The Church of São Roque (Portuguese: Igreja de São Roque) is located in Lisbon and used to be the Jesuit church of the city. ... Mannerism is the usual English term for an approach to all the arts, particularly painting but not exclusive to it, a reaction to the High Renaissance, emerging after the Sack of Rome in 1527 shook Renaissance confidence, humanism and rationality to their foundations, and even Religion had split apart. ...

This last church was completed by the Jesuit architect, the Italian Filippo Terzi, who also built the Jesuit college at Évora, the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon and the episcopal palace in Coimbra. He had an enormous production and, besides churches, he also built several aqueducts and fortresses. The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... The Church or Monastery of São Vicente de Fora — meaning of St. ...

In his wake came several Portuguese architects :

• Miguel de Arruda : Church of Our Lady of Grace (in Évora)
• Baltasar Álvares , best known for the Sé Nova in Coimbra and the Igreja de São Lourenço in Porto.
• Francisco Velasquez : Cathedral of Mirando do Douro and the designs for the monastery of S. Salvador (Grijó)
• the military architect Manuel Pires : St. Anton’s church in Évora.

There are parishes that have the name São Lourenço (Portuguese for Saint Lawrence) in Portugal: // In Africa In Cape Verde São Lourenço, a parish in the island of Fogo In Europe In Portugal São Lourenço, a parish in the municipality of Portalegre São...

Plain style (1580-1640)

View of the Monastery of Tibães with the church façade, near Braga

During the union of Portugal and Spain, the period between 1580 and 1640, a new style developed called “Arquitecture chã” (plain architecture) by George Kubler.^[1] Basically mannerist, this style also marked by a clear structure, a sturdy appearance with smooth, flat surfaces and a moderate arrangement of space, lacking excessive decorations. It is a radical break with the decorative Manueline style. This simplified style, caused by limited financial resources, expresses itself in the construction of hall churches and less impressive buildings. In resistance to the Baroque style that was already the standard in Spain, the Portuguese continued to apply the plain style to express their separate identity as a people. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (900 × 675 pixel, file size: 218 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (900 × 675 pixel, file size: 218 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... In architecture, manueline is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. ... A hall church is a church with nave and side aisles of approximately equal height, often united under a single immense roof. ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ...

• Baltasar Alvares built some of the most impressive examples in this style : the Sé Nova of Coimbra (1598-1640), the S Lourenço or Grilos church in Porto (begun 1614) and the church S Antão in Lisbon (1613-1656; now destroyed)..
• Other examples are the several Benedictine constructions in this period, such as the renovation by João Turriano of the Monastery of Tibães and the Monastery of São Bento (now the Portuguese Parliament).
• Francisco de Mora designed the convent of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (Évora) for the order of the Discalced Carmelites (1601-1614)
• Pedro Nunes Tinoco designed in 1616 the church of S Marta (Lisbon) for the Order of the Poor Clares.

When king Filipe II made his Joyous Entry in Lisbon in 1619, several temporary triumphal arches were erected in the Flemish style of Hans Vredeman de Vries. The tract literature of Wendel Dietterlin^[2] also increased the interest in Flemish Baroque art. This influence can be seen in the façade of the the S Lourenço or Grilos church in Porto, begun in 1622 by Baltasar Alvares. The Monastery of Tibães is a monastery situated near Braga in the north of Portugal. ... Neoclassical portico of São Bento Palace, the Parliament of Portugal. ... São Bento Palace, home of the Portuguese Parliament. ... There are parishes and settlements that have the name Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (first part, Portuguese for Our Lady): Nossa Senhora dos Remédios // In Europe In the Azores Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, a parish in the municipality of Povoação Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, a settlement... The Discalced Carmelites, or Barefoot Carmelites, is a Roman Catholic mendicant order. ... The Order of Poor Ladies, also known as the Poor Clares, the Poor Clare Nuns, the Clarisse, or the Minoresses is a Franciscan order founded by Saint Clare of Assisi. ... Philip III of Spain Philip III (Spanish: Felipe III) (April 14, 1578 – March 31, 1621) was the king of Spain and Portugal (as Philip II Portuguese: Filipe II), from 1598 until his death. ... The Joyous Entry (Blijde Inkomst in Dutch, Joyeuse Entrée in French), implying the peaceable entry of the Duke of Brabant into his city of Brussels—is the charter of liberties granted to the Duchy of Brabant following the death in 1355 of its Duke, Jan III; the document is... For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ... Hans Vredeman de Vries (Leeuwarden, 1527 – Antwerp, 1606) was a Dutch Renaissance architect. ... Baroque art is the painting and sculpture associated with the Baroque cultural movement, a movement often identified with Absolutism and the Counter Reformation; the existence of important Baroque art and architecture in non-absolutist and Protestant states, however, undercuts this linking. ...

This was also the period of the rise of the azulejos and the use of carved gilded wood (talha dourada) on altars and ceilings. The azulejos are a typical form of Portuguese or Spanish painted, tin-glazed, ceramic tilework. ...

Restoration architecture (1640-1717)

The Baroque style follows naturally from and is the expression of the Contra-Reformation, a reaction of the Roman Catholic Church against the upcoming Protestantism. But since the ideas of protestantism didn’t take root at all in Portugal, the Baroque style didn’t really catch on at a time when it was the prevailing style in the rest of Europe. Furthermore, this style was too much associated with the Jesuits and Spanish rule. “Catholic Church” redirects here. ... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ...

Instead a new style, a transition from the Plain Style to Late Baroque, was adopted when Portugal regained its independence in 1640. It was a period of declining economic and military power, with fewer projects and lesser opulence as a consequence.

José Fernandes Pereira^[3] identified the first period from 1651 to 1690 as a period of experimentation.

• The nobility were the first to show their regained power. A typical example is the Palace of the Marqueses da Fronteira in Benfica (Lisbon) (started in 1667). This country manor house still follows Italian Mannerism examples, but there is already a heavy influence of the Baroque style in the perfect harmony of the house and the surrounding gardens, the splendour of the staircase and the many iconographic, decorative elements in the rooms. The large azulejos (tile panels) covering the walls with equestrian portraits, historical battle scenes or trumpet-blowing monkeys, created by the workshops of Jan van Oort and Willem van der Kloet in Amsterdam, are unique.

• The Piedmontese Theatine priest and architect Camillo-Guarino Guarini designed the church of Santa Maria della Divina Providenca in Lisbon. The elliptical floor plan, adopted in the church, stands apart in the Portuguese 17th century architecture. But his sketchbook however showed a different floor plan and elevation. Even if his designs, influenced by the Roman Baroque architect Francesco Borromini, weren’t exactly followed in this church, they were often publicized and they spread the influence of Borromini in Portugal.^[4]

• Other realisations in this period include :
  • Jacome Mendes : the church of Nossa Senhora da Piedade (in Santarem, 1665)
  • The church of S. Agostinho (1667) in Vila Viçosa
  • João Turriano : the Monastery of S Clara-a-Velha in Coimbra (1649-1696)
  • The church of Portimão, possibly by João Nunes Tinoco (1660).

Santa Engracia church, Lisbon

The next period, between 1690 and 1717, saw the cautious introduction of the Baroque style in Portugal. Ightham Mote For the London district, see Manor House, London. ... The azulejos are a typical form of Portuguese or Spanish painted, tin-glazed, ceramic tilework. ... The Theatines or the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Divine Providence are a male religious order of the Catholic Church, with the post-nominal initials C.R. // The order was founded by Saint Cajetan (Gaetano dei Conti di Tiene), Paolo Consiglieri, Bonifacio da Colle, and Giovanni Pietro Carafa (afterwards... Camillo-Guarino Guarini (1624 - 1683) was a Theatine priest, mathematician, writer and architect. ... Floor plan (floorplan, floor-plan) in its original meaning is an architecture term, a diagram of a room, a building, or a level (floor) of a building as if seen from the above (i. ... Francesco Borromini (September 25, 1599 – August 3, 1667 in Rome) was a prominent and influential Baroque architect, and active in Rome and contemporary with the prolific papal architect and often rival, Gian Lorenzo Bernini. ... There are a number of places called Santarém: Santarém, Brazil Santarém, Portugal This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Coat of Arms Vila Viçosa is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 195. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Centro  - Subregion Baixo Mondego  - District or A.R. Coimbra Mayor Carlos Encarnação  - Party PSD Area 319. ... Portimão is a city located in the Algarve, on the southern coast of Portugal. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 481 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1011 × 1260 pixel, file size: 308 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Author: Unknown, courtesy of IPPAR Description: Main façade of the Church of Santa Engracia in Lisbon. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 481 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1011 × 1260 pixel, file size: 308 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Author: Unknown, courtesy of IPPAR Description: Main façade of the Church of Santa Engracia in Lisbon. ...

The Church of Santa Engrácia (now the National Pantheon of Santa Engracia), begun in 1682 by João Nunes Tinoco and continued by João Antunes is a centralised structure, built in the form of a Greek cross (a cross with arms of equal length), crowned with a central dome (only completed in 1966 !) and the façades are ondulated like in the Baroque designs of Borromini. . It goes back to a design by the Italian architect Donato Bramante of the St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. It is perhaps the only truly Baroque building in Portugal. This time Rome, instead of Flanders, became the example to be followed for the construction of buildings. Main façade of the Church of Santa Engrácia. ... Donato Bramante Donato Bramante (1444 – March 11, 1514) was an Italian architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his most famous design was St. ... The Basilica of Saint Peter from Castel SantAngelo. ...

The church of Senhor da Cruz in Barcelos, built by João Antunes in 1701-1704 is an unusual experiment because of its four-leaf clover plan. Barcelos is a city located in Braga district in the north of Portugal the city population is 22,207 in 7 parishes the municipality has 121,245 in 89 parishes. ... A four-leaf clover The four-leaf clover is an uncommon variation of the common three-leaf clover. ...

Baroque style (1717-1755)

The year 1697 is an important year for Portuguese architecture. In that year gold, gems and later diamonds were found in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mining exploration was strongly controlled by the Portuguese Crown, which imposed heavy taxes on everything extracted (one fifth of all gold would go to the Crown). These enormous proceeds caused Portugal to prosper and become the richest country of Europe in the 18th century. King João V, who reigned between 1706 and 1750, tried to rival the French king Louis XIV, also called the Sun King, by engaging in a large number of expensive building activities. But the French king could rely on local experience for the glorification and his name and of France. The Palace of Versailles was transformed for Louis XIV into a marvelous palace by architect Louis Le Vau, painter and designer Charles Le Brun and the landscape architect André Le Nôtre. The Portuguese king, on the other hand, had to make up the lack of local experience and tradition with foreign artists who were lured to Portugal with huge amounts of money. Flag of Minas Gerais See other Brazilian States Capital Belo Horizonte Largest City Belo Horizonte Area 586,528. ... John V, King of Portugal (Portuguese João pron. ... “Sun King” redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Louis Le Vau (1612 – 1670) was a French architect who worked for Louis XIV of France. ... Charles Le Brun, contemporary portrait Charles Le Brun (February 24, 1619 - February 22, 1690) was a French painter and art theorist, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Landscape architecture. ... Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre (March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of King Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ...

King João V squandered his money lavishly, starting numerous building projects, many of which were never finished.

The Mafra National Palace is among the most sumptuous Baroque buildings in Portugal. This monumental palace-monastery-church complex is even larger than the El Escorial, an immense 16th century Spanish royal palace north of Madrid to emphasize the symbolic affirmation of his power. The king appointed Johann Friedwig Ludwig (known in Portugal as João Frederico Ludovice) as the architect. This German goldsmith (!) had received some experience as an architect, working for the Jesuits in Rome. His design for the palace is a synthesis of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican, the Jesuit Sant'Ignazio church in Rome and the Palazzo Montecitorio, designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The Palaces main façade The Mafra National Palace is a baroque monument located in Mafra, Portugal. ... // El Escorial, the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo El Real (also known as the Monasterio de El Escorial or simply El Escorial) is located about 45 kilometres (28 miles) northwest of the Spanish capital, Madrid. ... Motto: (Spanish for From Madrid to Heaven) Location Coordinates: , Country Spain Autonomous Community Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid Province Madrid Administrative Divisions 21 Neighborhoods 127 Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jimémez (PP) Area  - Land 607 km² (234. ... The Basilica of Saint Peter from Castel SantAngelo. ... The Dome of SantIgnazio The church of Sant Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio (Latin ) was built in 1626 and dedicated to Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order, who had just been canonized. ... Palazzo Montecitorio The Palazzo Montecitorio is a palace in Rome, which is currently the seat of the Italian Chamber of deputies. ... Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini; December 7, 1598 – November 28, 1680) was a pre-eminent Baroque sculptor and architect of 17th century Rome. ...

This design was in line with the king's desire to imitate the Eternal City, and with his ambition to found a "second Rome" at the river Tagus. His envoys in Rome had to provide the king with models and floor plans of many Roman monuments. Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... View over Tejo River from Almourol Castle in Portugal (May 2005). ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ...

On of these was the Patriarchal palace in Lisbon. The Piedmontese architect Filippo Juvarra was brought to Lisbon to draw up the plans. But this project was also toned down because Juvarra only stayed for a few months and left – against his engagement – to London. Filippo Juvarra. ...

Palace of Queluz

Other important constructions were : Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

• 1729-1748 : the Águas Livres aqueduct in Lisbon (by Manuel da Maia, Antonio Canevari and Custódio Vieira), described by contemporaties as the ‘greatest work since the Romans’. It provided Lisbon with water, but also the many new monumental fountains built by the Hungarian Carlos Mardel
• 1728-1732 : the Quinta de S Antão do Tojal (by the Italian architect Antonio Canevari)
• 1753 : the Opera house of Lisbon (destroyed 1755) (by Giovanni Carlo Sicinio-Bibiena)
• (completed in 1750) Palácio das Necessidades (by Eugenio dos Santos, Custodio Vieira, Manuel da Costa Negreiros and Caetano Tomas de Sousa)
• from 1747 : the Queluz Palace, the country residence for the king’s younger brother (by Mateus Vicente de Oliveira and Jean-Baptiste Robillon). This palace is the country’s second major example in Baroque style. However the façade shows already some Rococo details.

His most spectacular undertaking was however the building in Rome of the St John the Baptist chapel with the single purpose of obtaining the blessing of the pope Benedict XIV for this chapel. The chapel was designed by Luigi Vanvitelli in 1742 and built by Nicola Salvi in the church S Antonio dei Portoghesi. After the benediction, the chapel was disassembled and transported to Lisbon. It was assembled again in 1747 in the S Roque church. It is opulently decorated with porphyry, the rarest marbles and precious stones. Its design already foreshadows the classical revival. Aqueduct arches (65 m tall) over the Alcantara valley. ... North side of the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo - carriage courtyard: all the stucco details sparkled with gold until 1773, when Catherine II had gilding replaced with olive drab paint. ... St. ... Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 – May 3, 1758 in Rome), was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758. ... Luigi Vanvitelli (Naples, May 12, 1700 – March 1, 1773, Caserta), an engineer as well as the most prominent 18th-century Italian architect, practiced a sober classicizing academic Late Baroque style that made an easy transition to Neoclassicism. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Porphyry (Greek Πορφύριος purple-clad) may refer to: Porphyry of Tyros (c. ... A selection of gemstone pebbles made by tumbling rough rock with abrasive grit, in a rotating drum. ...

Intricately worked façade of the Palácio do Raio in Braga

A different and more exuberant Baroque style with some Rococo touches, more reminiscent of the style in Central Europe, developed in the northern part of Portugal. The Italian architect Nicolau Nasoni designed the church and the spectacular granite tower of São Pedro dos Clérigos in Porto. One of his successors was the painter and architect José de Figueiredo Seixas, who had been one of his disciples. The sanctuary Bom Jesus do Monte near Braga, built by the architect Carlos Luis Ferreira Amarante is a notable example of a pilgrimage site with a monumental, cascading Baroque stairway that climbs 116 metres. This last example already shows the shift in style to Neo-classicism. Image File history File linksMetadata Palacioraio. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Palacioraio. ... North side of the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo - carriage courtyard: all the stucco details sparkled with gold until 1773, when Catherine II had gilding replaced with olive drab paint. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... Tower of Clérigos Church Nicolau Nasoni (or originally Niccoló Nasoni) (born San Giovanni Valdarno 2 June 1691—died Porto, 30 August 1773) was an Italian artist and architect but mostly active in Portugal. ... Torre dos Clérigos The Clérigos Church (Portuguese: Igreja dos Clérigos, Church of the Clerics) is a baroque church in the city of Porto, in Portugal. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Grande Porto  - District or A.R. Porto Mayor Rui Rio  - Party PSD Area 41. ... Bom Jesus do Monte is a Portuguese sanctuary dedicated to the the good Jesus at the mountain, Braga. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ...

The Palácio do Raio (by André Ribeiro Soares da Silva) is an outstanding Baroque-Rococo urban palace with richly decorated façade in Braga. Several country houses and manors in late-Baroque style were built in this period. Typical examples are the homes of the Lobo-Machado family (in Guimaraes), the Malheiro (Viana do Castelo) and the Mateus (Vila Real). Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Cávado  - District or A.R. Braga Mayor Mesquita Machado  - Party PS Area 183. ... Guimarães is a city in northwestern Portugal, in the province of Minho, and in Braga district. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Minho-Lima  - District or A.R. Viana do Castelo Mayor Defensor Moura  - Party PS Area 318. ... Vila-real (also known as Villarreal): city in the province of Castellon, Valencian Community region, Spain. ...

Pombaline style (1755-1780)

Main article : Pombaline style

Praça do Comércio with the arch leading to Augusta street, in Lisbon

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the subsequent tsunami and fires destroyed many buildings in Lisbon. Joseph I of Portugal and his Prime Minister Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal hired architects and engineers to rebuild the damaged portions of Lisbon, including the Pombaline Downtown. Typical building in Baixa Pombalina in the Pombaline style The Pombaline style was a Portuguese architectural style of the 18th century, named after Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquês de Pombal who was instrumental in reconstructing Lisbon after the earthquake of 1755. ... Image File history File linksMetadata ArcoDoTriunfoLisboa1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata ArcoDoTriunfoLisboa1. ... This 1755 copper engraving shows the ruins of Lisbon in flames and a tsunami overwhelming the ships in the harbor. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Lisboa  - Subregion Grande Lisboa  - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues  - Party PSD Area 84. ... Joseph I (Portuguese José, pron. ... Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal, by Louis-Michel van Loo, 1766) Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Count of Oeiras, 1st Marquis of Pombal (in Portuguese, Marquês de Pombal, pron. ... The Pombaline Downtown area in south Lisbon, Portugal. ...

The Pombaline style is a secular, utilitarian architecture marked by pragmatism. It follows the Plain style of the military engineers, with regular, rational arrangements, mixed with Rococo details and a Neo-classical approach to structure. The Baixa district of Lisbon was rebuilt by Eugénio dos Santos and Carlos Mardel. The Marquis of Pombal imposed strict conditions on the rebuilding. Architectural models were tested by having troops march around them to simulate an earthquake, making the Pombaline one of the first examples of earthquake-resistant construction. The Praça do Comércio, the Augusta street and the Avenida da Liberdade are notable examples of this architecture. This Square of Commerce was given a regular, rational arrangement in line with the reconstruction of the new Pombaline Downtown, the Baixa. Pragmatism is a philosophic school that originated in the late nineteenth century with Charles Sanders Peirce, who first stated the pragmatic maxim. ... The District of Lisbon (Portuguese: Lisboa) is located in the South Central Portugal, the District Capital is the city of Lisbon, also the national Capital. ... View of the Arch linking the Commerce Square and Augusta Street. ...

The Pombaline style of architecture is also to be found in Vila Real de Santo António (1773–4) a new town in the Algarve, built by Reinaldo Manuel dos Santos. The style is clearly visible in the urban arrangement and especially in the main square. Vila Real de Santo Antonio is a city in Algarve, Portugal. ... Algarve NUTS II region, and the district of Faro in Portugal. ...

In Porto, at the initiative of the prison governor João de Almada e Melo, the Rua de S João was reconstructed (after 1757), and the Relação law court, the Court of Appeal Gaol (1765) and the prison were rebuilt. The British colony of port traders introduced the Palladian architecture in the Praça da Ribeira (1776-1782), the Factory House (1785-1790) and the S Antonio Hospital (1770). Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Grande Porto  - District or A.R. Porto Mayor Rui Rio  - Party PSD Area 41. ... Location of the British Overseas Territories The British Overseas Territories are fourteen[1] territories which the United Kingdom considers to be under its sovereignty, but not as part of the United Kingdom itself. ... Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). ...

Modern Architecture

One of the top architecture schools in the world, known as "Escola do Porto" or School of Porto, is located in Portugal. Its alumni include Álvaro Siza (winner of a Pritzker prize) and Eduardo Souto de Moura. Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Grande Porto  - District or A.R. Porto Mayor Rui Rio  - Party PSD Area 41. ... Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira, GOSE, GCIH, (born 25 June 1933 in Matosinhos), who signs as Álvaro Siza Vieira (pron. ... The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually by the Hyatt Foundation to honor a living architect. ... Eduardo Elisio Machado Souto de Moura (b. ...

Footnotes

References

• Kingsley, Karen, Gothic Art, Visigothic Architecture in Spain and Portugal: A Study in Masonry, Documents and Form, 1980; International Census of Doctoral Dissertations in Medieval Art, 1982--1993
• KUBLER, George, y SORIA, Martin, "Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal and their Dominions, 1500-1800", New York, 1959.
• Kubler, George, "Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706 " ; Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, CT 1972; ISBN 0819540455
• Toman, Rolf - Romanik; Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Köln, 1996 (in Dutch translation : Romaanse Kunst : Architectuur, Beeldhouwkunst, Schilderkunst) ISBN 3-89508-449-2
• Toman, Rolf - Barock ; Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Köln, 1997 (in Dutch translation : Barok : Architectuur, Beeldhouwkunst, Schilderkunst); ISBN 3-89508-919-2
• Underwood, D.K. - "The Pombaline Style and International Neoclassicism in Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro."; U. of Pennsylvania Editor, 1988