The Try2004 Hyperstructure or Megacity as featured on the Discovery Channel's Extreme Engineering programs.

Arcology is a set of architectural design principles as described by the architect Paolo Soleri. ^[1] The word combines architecture and ecology. The principles are aimed toward the design of enormous habitats (hyperstructures) of extremely high human population density. While some relatively small experimental constructs have been created at Arcosanti in central Arizona, U.S., the term is generally limited to Soleri's writings and various works of fiction that have picked up the idea. These works generally use "arcology" as a noun, referring to what Soleri called a "hyperstructure": a self-contained structure containing a variety of residential and commercial facilities, arguably practicing a form of autarchy. Image File history File links Try2004. ... Image File history File links Try2004. ... The Pyramid City Arcology or Megacity as featured on the Discovery Channels Extreme Engineering programs. ... A megacity is usually defined as a recognized metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people. ... Discovery Channel is a property of Discovery Communications primarily packaged as a network entertainment brand distributed in virtually every pay-television market in the world. ... Extreme Engineering is a series of programs on the Discovery Channel which deal with futuristic engineering challenges. ... Paolo Soleri (Born in Turin, Italy on June 21, 1919) was awarded his Ph. ... The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αρχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... Ernst Haeckel coined the term oekologie in 1866. ... Arcosanti is an experimental town that is being built in central Arizona, 70 miles (110 km) outside of Phoenix. ... An autarky is an economy that does no trade with the outside world, or an ecosystem not affected by influences from its outside, and relies entirely on its own resources. ...

In science fiction, arcologies or hyperstructures are generally advocated as solutions to the problems of overpopulation and environmental degradation, as they reduce the ecological footprint of cities, though with a higher population density and massive modification on a specific piece of land. Soleri's book "The City in the Image of Man" actually posited the use of arcologies in all accessible environments: in space, under the sea, etc. Map of countries by population (See List of countries by population. ... Environmental degradation refers to the diminishment of a local ecosystem or the biosphere as a whole due to human activity. ...

Development of the arcology idea

According to Soleri, the basic ideas of arcology stem from concerns that urbanization is claiming an excessive amount of space on Earth and that a more efficient, technologically-driven but ecologically gentle option, is to increase population densities into minimal "footprints" that would preserve surrounding lands for natural ecosystems. In "Arcology: The City in the Image of Man," Soleri describes ways of compacting our city structures in three dimensions to combat two-dimensional urban sprawl. While this led to many science fiction interpretations of domed cities, Soleri's ideas aren't just the "human beehive" model popular in science fiction. They also encompass vast differences in societal thinking regarding some of the same things that Frank Lloyd Wright touched upon in transport, agriculture and commerce. Soleri deepened Wright's ideas of what might specifically need to be done by exploring resource consumption and duplication, land reclamation, elimination of most private transport in favor of public transport and greater use of social resources like public libraries. This concept also emphasizes, in a broader scale, more efficient use of resources and compacting of urban space to preserve the environment. It must be noted that the tone of Soleri's book is far from academic. Soleri's ideas crossed freely into those that are not a part of mainstream social science, into the purely hypothetical. "The City in the Image of Man" is based primarily on the principle that cities are like organic systems and should be designed as such; thus, "in the image of man." Adjectives: Terrestrial, Terran, Telluric, Tellurian, Earthly Atmosphere Surface pressure: 101. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... The domed city is a kind of space habitat that appears repeatedly in science fiction. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867—April 9, 1959) was one of the most prominent and influential architects during the first half of the 20th century. ... Commerce is the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information or money between two or more entities. ... Factors of production are resources used in the production of goods and services in economics. ... In Keynesian economics consumption refers to personal consumption expenditure, i. ... Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... Librarians and patrons in a typical larger urban public library. ...

Construction methods for arcologies are being tested at Arcosanti. Otherwise, arcology is restricted to paper proposals and fictional depictions, such as Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle's Oath of Fealty or as elements in computer and video games, such as SimCity 2000, Escape Velocity Nova, and Deus Ex: Invisible War. Arcosanti is an experimental town that is being built in central Arizona, 70 miles (110 km) outside of Phoenix. ... Laurence van Cott Niven (born April 30, 1938) is a US science fiction author. ... Jerry Pournelle at the 2006 Stanford Singularity Summit Jerry Pournelle, (born August 7, 1933) is an American essayist, journalist and science fiction author who contributed for many years to the computer magazine Byte. ... Oath of Fealty is a 1982 novel by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle. ... It has been suggested that Multiplayer game be merged into this article or section. ... SimCity 2000 (SC2K) is a simulation/city building computer game and the second installment in the SimCity series of games. ... Escape Velocity Nova (EV Nova or EVN) is a computer game by Ambrosia Software, in collaboration with ATMOS. It is the third game in the Escape Velocity series. ... Deux Ex: Invisible War is a computer game. ...

The first arcology to be described in fiction was probably "The Last Redoubt" from The Night Land by William Hope Hodgson, first published in 1912. It is a pre-Soleri envisioning of arcology, including full artificial ecology, agriculture, and public transport by mobile roadways. The Night Land is a novel by William Hope Hodgson, first published in 1912. ... William Hope Hodgson (1877–1918) was an English author. ...

Real-life visions

Many cities in the world have had proposed or desired arcologies that never went far. Tokyo has had many, which are listed here.   , literally Eastern capital) is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, the home of the Japanese Imperial Family, and the de facto[1] capital of Japan. ...

Apparently, a new "eco-city" or self-sustaining urban centre the size of a large western capital is to be built at Dongtan near Shanghai [1]. The first phase is on target to open by 2010 and to be "completed" by 2040. Dongtan is a new city planned for the island of Chongming, near Shanghai. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Co-op City in New York City could be considered a proto-hyperstructure, with many services provided on-site. A telecommuter might never need to leave Co-Op City, which is one of the principles of arcology. Co-op City is a housing development located in the northeastern Bronx at the intersection of I-95 and the Hutchinson River Parkway. ...

Near the village of Cordes Junction, Arizona off Interstate 17 north of Phoenix, an arcologically-inspired hyperstructure is under construction: Arcosanti, a full city being designed by Paolo Soleri. However, the construction is very slow due to a lack of funding. Arcosanti is an experimental town that is being built in central Arizona, 70 miles (110 km) outside of Phoenix. ... Paolo Soleri (Born in Turin, Italy on June 21, 1919) was awarded his Ph. ...

Arcology in popular culture

Novels and comics

• William Hope Hodgson's 1912 novel The Night Land features the first example of what we now would call an arcology, though the future Earthlings depicted - millions of years into the future, in fact - have different reasons for building their metallic pyramid.^[2]

• In Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle's collaboration Oath of Fealty (1982), much of the action is set in and around Todos Santos, an arcology built in a burnt-out section of Los Angeles that has evolved a separate culture from the city around it.

• In the novel The World Inside by Robert Silverberg, everyone lived in 'Urban Monads' which were self-contained three kilometer high hyperstructures. People hardly ever departed.

• In Isaac Asimov's Robot Series, Earth's population lives in large underground hyperstuctures simply called Cities.

• All the remaining cities of the Earth are hyperstructures in Peter F. Hamilton's Night's Dawn trilogy.

• In the Judge Dredd comic stories, originally published in 2000 AD comic, the megalopolis of Mega-City One consists of many hundreds, if not thousands, of City Blocks, in which a citizen can be born, grow, live and die without ever leaving.

• William Gibson's Neuromancer trilogy features various Arcologies, namely the "projects." It is a mega structure that has been constructed with electricity, heat, oxygen and food that it produced.

William Hope Hodgson (1877–1918) was an English author. ... The Night Land is a novel by William Hope Hodgson, first published in 1912. ... Laurence van Cott Niven (born April 30, 1938) is a US science fiction author. ... Jerry Pournelle at the 2006 Stanford Singularity Summit Jerry Pournelle, (born August 7, 1933) is an American essayist, journalist and science fiction author who contributed for many years to the computer magazine Byte. ... Oath of Fealty is a 1982 novel by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... The World Inside is a science fiction novel, written by Robert Silverberg and published in 1971. ... At the 63rd World Science Fiction Convention in Glasgow, August 2005 Robert Silverberg (January 15, 1935, Brooklyn, New York) is a prolific American author best known for writing science fiction, a multiple winner of both the Hugo and Nebula Awards. ... Dr. Isaac Asimov (c. ... Isaac Asimovs Robot Series is a series of books by Isaac Asimov, both collections of short stories and novels. ... Peter F. Hamilton Peter F. Hamilton Peter F. Hamilton (born 1960, Rutland, England), is a British science fiction author. ... British author Peter F. Hamiltons The Nights Dawn Trilogy consists of three epic science fiction novels: The Reality Dysfunction (1996), The Neutronium Alchemist (1997), and The Naked God (1999). ... For the 1996 film, see Judge Dredd (film). ... Cover of the first issue of 2000 AD, 26 February 1977. ... Megalopolis (Greek: large city, great city) can mean: The town of Megalópoli (Μεγαλοπολη), Megalopolis, Greece. ... Mega-City One is a huge fictional city-state covering much of what is now the Eastern United States in the Judge Dredd comic book series. ... City Blocks are a part of the fictional universe recounted in the Judge Dredd series that appears in the UK comic book 2000 AD. // Overview Also known as starscrapers or stratoscrapers (compare skyscraper), they are the most common form of mass-housing in Mega-City One, averaging a population of... William Ford Gibson (born March 17, 1948, Conway, South Carolina) is an American-born science fiction author resident in Canada since 1968. ...

Films and television

• Arcologies are common elements in futuristic anime and manga titles. An example would be the post-apocalyptic/cyberpunk series Appleseed by Masamune Shirow, in which hyperstructures dominate the skyline of the city Olympus.

• In the 1982 film Blade Runner by Ridley Scott, the main offices of the fictional Tyrell Corporation (a Megacorp) resemble a hyperstructure; The Genom Tower arcologies (among other things) in the anime Bubblegum Crisis were partially inspired by the Tyrell hyperstructure; the series also features an underground "Geo City."

• In the film Equilibrium, an arcology named Libria is the last human civilization, a society in which peace is kept by the forced administration of an injected liquid drug designed to completely suppress emotions.

• In the science-fiction movie series The Matrix, the last human city, known as Zion, is a hyperstructure. Due to nuclear scarring of the earth's surface and atmosphere, the hyperstructure is buried deeply under ground. While ecologically sparse, the habitat's climate is controlled by complex machinery in the lower levels. The population is in the realm of 1 million. Due to the nature of the aggression from the machines, Zion is an example of a heavily fortified hyperstructure.

• In the season four finale of the science fiction show Andromeda a large battle takes place in space around an antiquated space hyperstructure known simply as 'Arcology'.

• In the George Lucas Sci-fi Saga "Star Wars", the city of Coruscant is an example of an arcology.

The main cast of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998) (L to R: Spike Spiegel, Jet Black, Ed Tivrusky, Faye Valentine, and Ein the dog) For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin). ... Manga )   is the Japanese word for comics and print cartoons. ... Apocalyptic science fiction is a sub-genre of science fiction that is concerned with the end of the world or civilization, through nuclear war, plague, or some other general disaster. ... Berlins Sony Center in Potsdamer Platz reflects the global reach of a Japanese corporation. ... For the Aesop Rock album, see Appleseed (album). ... Masamune Shirow ) is a manga artist of international renown, born Masanori Ota (太田 まさのりOta Masanori) on November 23, 1961. ... Blade Runner is an influential 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott from a screenplay written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples, adapted from the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick. ... Sir Ridley Scott (born November 30, 1937 in South Shields, England) is an influential English film director and producer. ... Megacorp is a term popularized by William Gibson derived from the combination of the prefix mega- with an abbreviation of the word corporation. ... The main cast of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998) (L to R: Spike Spiegel, Jet Black, Ed Tivrusky, Faye Valentine, and Ein the dog) For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin). ... Bubblegum Crisis is an anime OVA series that takes at least part of its inspiration from Philip K. Dicks and Ridley Scotts Blade Runner. ... Equilibrium is a 2002 action/science fiction film written and directed by Kurt Wimmer. ... Equilibrium is a 2002 action/science fiction film written and directed by Kurt Wimmer. ... The Matrix is a science fiction/action film written and directed by Larry and Andy Wachowski and starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano and Hugo Weaving. ... Gene Roddenberrys Andromeda is a science fiction television series, created by Gene Roddenberry, but produced posthumously. ... Coruscant (pronounced //) is the name of a fictional planet in the Star Wars universe. ...

Computer and video games

"Arcologies" (hyperstructures) are featured in SimCity 2000

• The computer game SimCity 2000 allows the construction of four different types of arcologies. The most primitive arcology model in the game, the Plymouth Arco, holds relatively few people and produces considerable pollution, while more advanced models are clean and efficient. There's also a heavily polluted industrial model ("Darco Arco") that was inspired by dark science fiction stories, and is rumoured to be filled with mutants. With the exception of one landmark called the Braun Llama Dome, these are the tallest structures in the game. Incidentally, when a sufficient number of the most advanced model, the "Launch Arco" (see picture) are built, an "exodus sequence" starts, launching all Launch Arcos into space to colonize other worlds. This actually parallels parts of Soleri's book in which hyperstructures were shown as being appropriate for environments in space, under the sea, in polar lands, etc.

• A level of the computer game Deus Ex: Invisible War posits a futuristic arcology, simply called Arcology, on the edge of an ancient medina in Cairo.

• In the computer game Afterlife, the player controlling Heaven and Hell can eventually purchase Love Domes or Omnibulges. Functioning similarly to arcologies, these structures are the remnants of transcended/destroyed Heaven/Hells that are able to hold billions of souls.

• In the Computer game Civilization: Call to Power, the "Arcology Advance," found in a near future part of the technology list, grants access to the Arcology building, which reduces overcrowding effects in its host city.

• In the computer game Escape Velocity: Nova many planets that are part of the Auroran Empire have multiple arcologies on them. Many of their populations number in the hundreds of billions.

Image File history File links Simcity2000_Arcology. ... Image File history File links Simcity2000_Arcology. ... SimCity 2000 (SC2K) is a simulation/city building computer game and the second installment in the SimCity series of games. ... SimCity 2000 (SC2K) is a simulation/city building computer game and the second installment in the SimCity series of games. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Deux Ex: Invisible War is a computer game. ... A medina quarter is a distinct city section found in many North African cities. ... Nickname: Al Qahirah (The Triumphant City) Cairos location in Egypt Coordinates: Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area    - City 210 km²  - Metro 1,492 km² Population (2005)  - City 7,438,376  - Density 35,420/km²  - Urban 10,834,495  - Metro 15,200,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2)  - Summer (DST... Afterlife is a game released by LucasArts in 1996 that places the player in the role of a semi-omnipotent being known as a Demiurge, with the job of creating a functional Heaven and Hell to reward or punish the citizens of the local planet. ... Heaven is a concept found in many religions or spiritual philosophies, typically described as the Holiest place, accessible according to standards of divinity (goodness, etc. ... Medieval illustration of Hell in the Hortus deliciarum manuscript of Herrad of Landsberg (about 1180) A hell, according to many religious beliefs, is an afterlife of suffering where the wicked or unrighteous dead are punished. ... In philosophy, transcendental/transcendence, has three different but related primary meanings, all of them derived from the words literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing or going beyond: one that originated in Ancient philosophy, one in Medieval philosophy and one in modern philosophy. ... CTP Opening screen artwork is a good example of the kind of integration of art styles found throughout the game Civilization: Call to Power is a PC turn-based strategy game released by Activision as an improved successor to the extremely successful Civilization computer game by Sid Meier, competing with... Escape Velocity Nova is a computer game by Ambrosia Software, in collaboration with ATMOS. It is the third game in the Escape Velocity series. ...

Role-playing and table-top games

• In the table-top strategy game Warhammer 40,000, hyperstructures, called "hives," are extremely common and are the main method of housing large populations. Arcologies are so widespread that some planets, Holy Terra and Mars amongst others, dubbed 'hive worlds', are constructed entirely of hyperstructures. Necromunda, an off-shoot game set in the Warhammer 40,000 universe, involves conflict between rival gangs on the hive world of Necromunda.

• In the RPG Shadowrun, a number of hyperstructures such as the "Renraku Arcology" exist by 2050, most of which are mega-corporate controlled. A major theme to these is the desire of a large corporation to control every aspect of its employees' lives. A major meta-plot element was the sealing off one in Seattle when the advanced computer control system awakened into a self-aware AI which sought to protect itself.

• In the RPG Trinity, a number of hyperstructures exist, with the largest being that of the New New York Arcology run by the Psi-Order Orgotek.

This article is about the tabletop miniature wargame and the fictional universe in which it is set. ... Holy Terra is a fictional planet based in the tabletop strategy game Warhammer 40,000, and is the future incarnation of Earth. ... Goliath Ganger having fought off a Milliasaur. ... Shadowrun is a cyberpunk-urban fantasy cross-genre role-playing game, set in the years 2050, 2053, 2060 or 2070 (depending on the game edition) following a great cataclysm that has brought use of magic back to the world, just as it begins to embrace the marvels (and dangers) of... Nickname: The Emerald City Location of Seattle in King County and Washington Coordinates: Country United States State Washington County King County Incorporated December 2 1869  - Mayor Greg Nickels Area    - City 369. ... Hondas humanoid robot AI redirects here. ... Trinity is a science fiction roleplaying game published by White Wolf Game Studio in 1997 (and later by the ArtHaus imprint), first in the Trinity Universe series of games (the two others being Aberrant and Adventure!) sharing a common background and developing an alternate history of humanity through two centuries...

See also

• Arcosanti
• autonomous building
• Bionic tower, Shanghai
• Broadacre City
• Cosanti
• Ecumenopolis
• Ekistics
• Megastructure
• Old Man River City/Super Urban Structure
• Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid

Arcosanti is an experimental town that is being built in central Arizona, 70 miles (110 km) outside of Phoenix. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Off-the-grid. ... Bionic tower A Bionic tower is a proposed vertical city in Shanghai in China, an extremely large and tall building designed for human habitation, a type of arcology. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Broadacre City was an urban or suburban development concept proposed by Frank Lloyd Wright late in his life. ... Cosanti In the year 1956, Paolo Soleri, moved to Scottsdale, Arizona, and settled with his late wife, Colly Soleri in what is now called Cosanti. ... The surface of the fictional world of Coruscant, the capital world of the Star Wars galaxy, and a popular example of an ecumenopolis. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... In science fiction and speculative (or exploratory) engineering, a megastructure is an enormous self-supporting artificial construct. ... The Old Mans River City project was an architectural design created by Buckminster Fuller. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

References

1. ^ Levy, John M. (1994), Contemporary Urban Planning (3rd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
2. ^ Hodgson, William Hope (1912), The Night Land

Map highlighting Englewood Cliffs location within Bergen County. ...

External links

• Arcosanti.org – Official Webpage for a prototype arcological development in Arizona
• Arcology.com – Useful links
• The Yahoo Group
• The Night Land by William Hope Hodgson (Full text online)
• Victory City
• A discussion of arcology concepts

Official language(s) English Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Area  Ranked 6th  - Total 113,998 sq mi (295,254 km²)  - Width 310 miles (500 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ...

External links re: usage of "arcology" vs. "hyperstructure"

• Arcology.com ("An arcology in southern China" on front page)
• Yahoo Groups: Arcology ("An arcology would need about two percent as much land...")
• Arcology ("An arcology is a self-contained environment...")
• SculptorsWiki: Arcology ("The only arcology yet on Earth...")
• Review of Shadowrun: Renraku Arcology ("What's an arcology? A self-contained, largely self-sufficient living, working, recreational structure...")