FACTOID # 26: Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RELATED ARTICLES
People who viewed "Arctiidae" also viewed:
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS   

Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 

 

(* = Graphable)

 

 


Encyclopedia > Arctiidae

?Arctiidae
Cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae
Cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Suborder: Ditrysia
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Arctiidae
Leach, 1815
Diversity
 ? genera
11,000 species
Type Species
Arctia caja
(Garden Tiger Moth)
Subfamilies

Arctiinae
Ctenuchinae
Lithosiinae
Pericopinae
Syntominae Image File history File links Tyria_jacobaeae_(Edkins). ... Binomial name Tyria jacobaeae Linnaeus, 1748 The Cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) is a brightly coloured arctiid moth, found in Europe and western and central Asia. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Myxozoa (slime animals) Superphylum Deuterostomia (blastopore becomes anus) Chordata (vertebrates, etc. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... Classes & Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely-distributed taxon within the phylum Arthropoda. ... Super Families Butterflies Hesperioidea Papilionoidea Moths Micropterigoidea Heterobathmioidea Eriocranioidea Acanthopteroctetoidea Lophocoronoidea Neopseustoidea Mnesarchaeoidea Hepialoidea Nepticuloidea Incurvarioidea Palaephatoidea Tischeriodea Simaethistoidea Tineoidea Gracillarioidea Yponomeutoidea Gelechioidea Zygaenoidea Sesioidea Cossoidea Tortricoidea Choreutoida Urodoidea Galacticoidea Schreckensteinioidea Epermenioidea Pterophoroidea Aluctoidea Immoidea Axioidea Hyblaeoidea Thyridoidea Whalleyanoidea Pyraloidea Mimallonoidea Lasiocampoidea Geometroidea Drepanoidea Bombycoidea Calliduloidae Hedyloidea Noctuoidea Families About... Families See Lepidoptera. ... Diversity over 70,000 species Noctuoidea is the superfamily of noctuid moths. ... William Elford Leach FRS (February 2, 1790 - August 26, 1836) was an English zoologist and marine biologist. ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This is a list of the Diversity of the Lepidotera showing the estimated number of genera and species described for each superfamily and, where available, family. ... In scientific classification, a type is a specimen or description that corresponds to a taxon (a group of organisms), and helps to identify which organisms may be referred to with that name. ... Binomial name Arctia caja Linnaeus, 1758 The garden tiger moth (Arctia caja) is a moth of the Arctiidae family. ... ... Arctiinae is a subfamily of moth. ...

Arctiidae is a large and diverse family of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, with 6000 Neotropical species (Scoble 1995). This family includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen (which are usually much drabber), lichen moths and wasp moths. Many species have 'hairy' caterpillars which are popularly known as woolly bears. The scientific name refers to this (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Caterpillars may also go by the name 'tussock moths' (more usually this refers to Lymantriidae, however). Lymantriidae is a family of moths with about 2500 known species found in all parts of the world. ...


The most distinctive feature of the family is a tymbal organ on the metathorax (Scoble 1995). This organ has membranes which are vibrated to produce ultrasonic sounds. They also have thoracic tympanal organs for hearing, a trait which has a fairly broad distribution in the Lepidoptera but the location and structure is distinctive to the family. Other distinctive traits are particular setae ('hairs') on the larvae, wing venation, and a pair of glands near the ovipositor (Scoble, 1995). The sounds are used in mating (Simmons and Conner 1996) and defense against predators (Fullard et al, 1994). A hearing organ in insects, consisting of a membrane (tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac. ...


Many species retain distasteful or poisonous chemicals acquired from their host plants (Weller et al., 1999). Some species also have the ability to make their own defenses (Nishida, 2002). Common defenses include: cardiac glycosides (or cardenolides), pyrrolizidine alkaloids, pyrazines and histamines (Weller et al., 1999). Larvae usually acquire these chemicals, and may retain them in the adult stage. But adults can acquire them too, but regurgitating on decomposing plants containing the compounds, and sucking up the fluid (Weller et al., 1999). Adults can transfer the defenses to their eggs, and males sometimes transfer them to females to help with defense of the eggs. Larval 'hairs' may be stinging, due to histamines the caterpillar makes in some species, but not all. Cardiac glycosides are drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. ... Diagram of Ephedrine An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and animals. ... Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule. ... Histamine is a biogenic amine chemical involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. ...


The insects advertise these defenses with aposematic bright coloration, unusual postures, odours, or, in adults, ultrasonic vibrations. Some mimic moths that are poisonous, or wasps that sting (Simmons and Weller, 2002). The ultrasound signals help nocturnal predators to learn to avoid the moths (Dunning and Roeder 1965, Hristov and Conner, 2005), and can interfere with the bat's ability to precisely locate flying moths (Ratcliffe and Fullard, 2005). The bright colours of this Yellow-winged Darter dragonfly serve as a warning to predators of its noxious taste. ... A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic. ...


Many of the caterpillars and adults are active during the daytime. If disturbed, woolly bear caterpillars will roll into a tight spiral. Common folklore has it that the forthcoming severity of a winter can be predicted by the amount of black on the Isabella tiger moth's caterpillar, the most familiar woolly bear in North America; however the relative width of the black band varies among instars, not according to weather (Wagner 2005). Isabella tiger moths (Pyrrharctia isabella) overwinter in the caterpillar stage. They can survive freezing at moderate subzero temperatures by producing a cryo-protectant chemical (Layne and Kuharsky 2000). The larvae of another species, Phragmatobia fuliginosa may be found on snow seeking a place to pupate. Binomial name Pyrrharctia isabella (JE Smith, 1797) The common moth Pyrrharctia isabella is known by different common names at its two main life stages. ...


Although they may be abundant, few species in this family are of economic importance. Even the fall webworm, an abundant and highly polyphagous tree-feeding species that has spread from North America to Asia and Europe, does not do lasting damage to healthy hosts. Binomial name Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1773 Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. ...

Contents

Subfamilies, tribes, and some genera and species within them:

  • Lithosiinae -- footmen or lichen moths
    • Cyana
    • Crambomorpha
    • Atolmis
    • Eilema lurideola -- Common Footman
    • Setina
    • Miltochrista
    • Pelosia
    • Setina
    • Hypoprepia'
    • Cisthene
    • Crambidia'
  • Syntominae --
    • Amata
    • Rhipidarctia
    • Automolis
    • Balacra
    • Amata
  • Arctiinae -- woolly bears
    • Arctiini
      • Amphicallia
      • Arctia caja -- Great tiger moth
      • Creatonos
      • Diaphora
      • Diacrisia
      • Paracles
      • Virbia
      • Platyprepia
      • Pyrrharctia isabella Woolly bear or Isabella tiger moth
      • Phragmatobia
      • Spilosoma luteum -- Buff Ermine
      • Apantesis
      • Estigmene
      • Seirarctia
      • Hyphantria cunea -- Fall webworm
      • Hypercompe scribonia-- Giant Leopard Moth
    • Pericopiini
      • Dysschema
      • Composia
      • Gynophaela
      • Hyalurga
      • Hypocrita
    • Ctenuchini
      • Cisseps
      • Dinia
      • Ctenucha
      • Eucereon
      • Lymire
    • Euchromini -- wasp moths
      • Syntomeida
      • Euchromia
      • Macrocneme
      • Empyreuma
      • Cosmosoma

Binomial name Eilema lurideola Zincken, 1817 The Common Footman (Eilema lurideola) is a moth of the family Arctiidae. ... Binomial name Pyrrharctia isabella (JE Smith, 1797) The common moth Pyrrharctia isabella is known by different common names at its two main life stages. ... Binomial name Spilosoma luteum Hufnagel, 1766 The Buff Ermine (Spilosoma luteum) is a moth of the family Arctiidae. ... Binomial name Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1773 Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. ... Binomial name Ecpantheria scribonia (Stoll, 1790) The Giant Leopard Moth (Ecpantheria scribonia) is a moth of the family Arctiidae. ... Species Nyctemera annulata Nyctemera amica The Magpie moth is a name for species of day-flying moth found in New Zealand (Nyctemera annulata) and Australia (Nyctemera amica). ... Cycnia tenera, the Dogbane tiger-moth or Delicate Cycnia is a moth in the family Arctiidae. ... Euchaetes egle, the milkweed tussock caterpillar or milkweed tiger moth, is a moth in the family Arctiidae. ... Binomial name Tyria jacobaeae Linnaeus, 1758 The Cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) is a brightly coloured arctiid moth, found in Europe and western and central Asia. ... Binomial name Tyria jacobaeae Linnaeus, 1748 The Cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) is a brightly coloured arctiid moth, found in Europe and western and central Asia. ... Binomial name Callimorpha dominula Linnaeus, 1758 The Scarlet Tiger Moth Nomenclature Common Names The Scarlet Tiger Moth. ... Halysidota tessellaris, the banded tussock moth or pale tussock moth or tessellated halisidota, is a moth in the family Arctiidae. ... Lophocampa caryae, the hickory tussock moth or hickory halisidota, is a moth in the family Arctiidae. ...

Gallery

See also

// Visual identification gallery of Arctiidae. ...

References

    • Bates DL, Fenton MB (1990) Aposematism or startle? Predators learn their responses to the defenses of prey. Can J Zool 68:49–52
    • Dunning DC, Krüger M (1995) Aposematic sounds in African moths. Biotropica 27:227–231
    • Dunning DC, Roeder KD (1965) Moth sounds and the insect-catching behavior of bats. Science 147:173–174
    • Dunning DC, Acharya L, Merriman CB, Ferro LD (1992) Interactions between bats and arctiid moths. Can J Zool 70:2218–2223
    • Fullard JH, Fenton MB, Simmons JA (1979) Jamming bat echolocation: the clicks of arctiid moths. Can J Zool 57:647–649
    • Fullard JH, Simmons JA, Sailant PA (1994) Jamming bat echolocation: the dogbane tiger moth Cycnia tenera times its clicks to the terminal attack calls of the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus. J Exp Biol 194:285–298
    • Hristov NI, Conner WE (2005) Sound strategy: acoustic aposematism in the bat–tiger moth arms race. Naturwissenschaften 92:164–169. DOI:10.1007/s00114-005-0611-7
    • Layne JR, Kuharsky DK (2000) Triggering of cryoprotectant synthesis in the woolly bear caterpillar (Pyrrharctia isabella Lepidoptera : Arctiidae). J Exper Zool 286 (4): 367-371
    • Scoble, MJ. (1995) The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity. Second ed. Oxford University Press.
    • Simmons RB, Conner WE (1996) Ultrasonic signals in the defense and courtship of Euchaetes egle Drury and E. bolteri Stretch (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). J Ins Behav 9 (6): 909-919
    • Simmons RB, Weller SE (2002) What kind of signals do mimetic tiger moths send? A phylogenetic test of wasp mimicry systems (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Euchromiini). Proc Roy Soc Lond B 269: 983–990
    • Wagner, DL, (2005) Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press.
    • Weller SJ, Jacobsen NL, Conner WE (1999) The evolution of chemical defenses and mating systems in tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Biol J Linn Soc 68:557–578.




    Arthropoda - Insecta - Families of Lepidoptera Monarch Butterfly

      Results from FactBites:
     
    Arctiidae catalogue of the former USSR (8875 words)
    Dubatolov, V.V. (1989): Reviziya roda Axiopoena (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) [A revision of the genus Axiopoena (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae)].
    (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) - a New Fossil Tiger-Moth from Miocene of the Caucasus].
    Tshistjakov, J.A. (1988): Medveditsy roda Dodia Dyar, 1901 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) fauny SSSR [Tiger moths of the genus Dodia Dyar, 1901 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) of the USSR fauna].
      More results at FactBites »

     

    COMMENTARY     


    Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
    Your name
    Your location
    Your comments
    Please enter the 5-letter protection code


    Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
    The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
    Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
    All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
    Usage implies agreement with terms.