NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ares I

Ares I is the crew launch vehicle being developed by NASA as a component of Project Constellation. NASA will use Ares I to launch Orion, the spacecraft being designed for NASA human spaceflight missions after the Space Shuttle is retired in 2010. Ares I was previously known as the Crew Launch Vehicle or CLV. The larger, unmanned Ares V is being designed as a complement to the Ares I; it will be the cargo launch vehicle for Project Constellation. Ares I and V are named after the Greek deity Ares, who is identified with the Roman god Mars.
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2250x3000, 2816 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ares I Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Human-rated or man-rated are terms used to describe the certification of a rocket or airplane as worthy of transporting humans. ... A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... Alliant Techsystems NYSE: ATK is a major US aerospace and defense contractor with sales of approximately USD $3. ... The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661) is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William Edward Boeing. ... In military aircraft or space exploration, the payload is the carrying capacity of an aircraft or space ship, including as cargo, munitions, scientific instruments or experiments, or external fuel, although internal fuel is usually not included. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... Kg redirects here. ... // Launch Complex 39 is a large site and a collection of facilities at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island in Florida, USA, originally built for Apollo program, and later modified to support Space Shuttle operations. ... Merritt Island and Kennedy Space Center (shown in white). ... // Launch Complex 39 is a large site and a collection of facilities at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island in Florida, USA, originally built for Apollo program, and later modified to support Space Shuttle operations. ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... J-2 Rocket Engine Specifications. ... LH2 is an acronym used in the aerospace industry, which stands for liquid hydrogen. ... Lox can stand for any of several things: Lox (salmon) - a type of salmon produce LOx (oxidizer) - liquid oxygen used as oxidizer in aerospace The Lox - was a Yonkers, NY-based rap trio This is a disambiguation page â€” a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (IPA [ËˆnÃ¦sÉ™]) is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nations public space program. ... Project Constellation is NASAs current plan for space exploration. ... Orion is a spacecraft currently under development by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ... The Space Shuttle Discovery as seen from the International Space Station. ... Edward White on a spacewalk during the Gemini 4 mission. ... This article is about the space vehicle. ... The Ares V (formerly known as the Cargo Launch Vehicle or CaLV) is the cargo launch component of Project Constellation. ... This article is about the ancient Greek god; for other uses, see Ares (disambiguation). ... Interpretatio graeca is a Latin term for the common tendency of ancient Greek writers to equate foreign divinities to members of their own pantheon. ... Mars was the Roman god of war, the son of Juno and either Jupiter or a magical flower. ...

Ares I’s role in Project Constellation

Ares I is the crew launch component of Project Constellation. Unlike the Space Shuttle, where both crew and cargo are launched simultaneously on the same rocket, the plans for Project Constellation outline having two separate launch vehicles, the Ares I and the Ares V, for crew and cargo, respectively. Having two separate launch vehicles will allow for more specialized designs for the different purposes the rockets will fulfill. Project Constellation is NASAs current plan for space exploration. ... This article is about the space vehicle. ...

The Ares I rocket is specifically being designed to launch the Orion Crew Vehicle. Orion is intended as a crew capsule, similar in design to the Project Apollo capsule, to transport astronauts to the International Space Station, the Moon, and eventually Mars. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 568 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,200 Ã— 852 pixels, file size: 148 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Evolution of the Ares I design from Pre-ESAS era to current projections. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 568 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,200 Ã— 852 pixels, file size: 148 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Evolution of the Ares I design from Pre-ESAS era to current projections. ... The Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) is the official title of a large-scale, system level study conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during the Summer of 2005 in response to the American president George W. Bushs announcement on January 14, 2004 of his goal of... Orion is a spacecraft currently under development by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ... Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961 â€“ 1975. ... ISS redirects here. ... This article is about Earths moon. ... Adjectives: Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ...

Design

First stage

The first stage is a more powerful and reusable solid fuel rocket derived from the current Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB). Compared with the current SRB, which has four segments, the most notable difference is the addition of a fifth segment. This fifth segment will enable the Ares I to produce more thrust, burn longer, and attain a higher orbit than a standard four-segment SRB. Other changes made to the SRB are the removal of the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) attachment points, the parachutes and other recovery equipment, and the replacement of the SRB nosecone with a new forward adapter that will interface with the liquid-fueled second stage. The adapter will be equipped with solid-fueled separation motors to facilitate the disconnection of the stages during ascent. The Space Shuttle Columbia is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters Solid rockets are rockets with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) is the rocket that provides 83% of liftoff thrust for the Space Shuttle. ... A Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) on its way to the Vehicle Assembly Building. ...

Upper stage

The upper stage will be propelled by one J-2X rocket engine fueled by liquid hydrogen (LH₂) and liquid oxygen (LOX).^[1] The J-2X is derived from the J-2 engine used on the Saturn IB and Saturn V rockets. On 16 July 2007, NASA awarded Rocketdyne a sole-source contract for the J-2X engines to be used for ground and flight tests.^[2] Originally, NASA was to use a Space Shuttle Main Engine, but due to the high costs (~$55-60 million USD per engine), the need to redesign the engine to start up in both the air and in vacuum, and that the Ares I upper stage is expendable, the engine was dropped in favor of the J-2X, which cost only a fraction of the price (~$20 million USD), and was designed, from the beginning, for high-altitude use. J-2 Rocket Engine Specifications. ... Liquid hydrogen is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Saturn IB was an uprated version of the Saturn I, which featured a much more powerful second stage, the S-IVB. Unlike the earlier Saturn I, the IB had enough throw weight to launch the Apollo Command/Service Module or Lunar Module into Earth orbit, which made it invaluable... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... F-1 rocket engine Rocketdyne is a United States company that designs and produces rocket engines that use liquid propellants. ... Space Shuttle Main Engine cluster The Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) are the three main engines on the Space Shuttle orbiter. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

Although its J-2X engine is derived from an established design, the upper stage itself is wholly new. Originally based on the internal structure of the Shuttle's External Tank, the original design called for separate fuel and oxidizer tanks, separated by an "intertank" structure, was to be employed. Using a concept going back to the Apollo era, the "intertank" structure was dropped to decrease mass, and instead, a common bulkhead would be used between the tanks. A recent design, currently under review, uses the savings to increase propellant capacity: with the common bulkhead, total propellant capacity would be 297,900 pounds.^[3] The increase in fuel mass is expected to decrease the initial acceleration of the second stage to around 0.6 G.

The upper portion of the upper stage includes an adapter assembly to mate with the Orion Crew Vehicle, and the lower section includes a thruster system, similar to that used on the Saturn IB and Saturn V rockets, to provide roll control for both the first and second stages of the vehicle during flight. The only part of the Shuttle's External Tank that would be used on the Ares I upper stage, the spray-foam insulation (the same insulation that caused the demise of the Space Shuttle Columbia), would be used to insulate the cryogenic propellants from the warm, moist conditions found at Kennedy Space Center. The Saturn IB was an uprated version of the Saturn I, which featured a much more powerful second stage, the S-IVB. Unlike the earlier Saturn I, the IB had enough throw weight to launch the Apollo Command/Service Module or Lunar Module into Earth orbit, which made it invaluable... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... Space Shuttle Columbia (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy space shuttle in NASAs orbital fleet. ...

NASA announced the winner of the Ares I Upper Stage contract to The Boeing Company on August 28, 2007. The upper stage of Ares I will be built at the NASA Michoud Assembly Facility, the current location of the fabrication and construction of the Shuttle's External Tank, and the former construction site of the Saturn V's S-IC stage, which Boeing built back in the 1960's. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (IPA [ËˆnÃ¦sÉ™]) is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nations public space program. ... The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA) is a leading American aircraft and aerospace manufacturer, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with its largest production facilities near Seattle, Washington. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Michoud Assembly Facility in 1968 The Michoud Assembly Facility is an 832 acre (3. ... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... The S-IC was the first stage of the Saturn V rocket. ...

Design history

After President Bush announced the Vision for Space Exploration in January 2004, NASA chartered the Exploration Systems Architecture Study on 29 April 2005 to determine: the "top-level requirements and configurations for crew and cargo launch systems to support the lunar and Mars exploration programs"; to assess the "CEV requirements and plans to enable the CEV to provide crew transport to the ISS"; to "develop a reference lunar exploration architecture concept to support sustained human and robotic lunar exploration operations"; and to "identify key technologies required to enable and significantly enhance these reference exploration systems." ^[4] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (681x790, 58 KB) Summary An engineering concept shows NASAs new heavy lift and crew launch vehicles source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (681x790, 58 KB) Summary An engineering concept shows NASAs new heavy lift and crew launch vehicles source: http://www. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Image from NASA site Two planned configurations for a return to the moon, heavy lift (left) and crew (right) The Vision for Space Exploration is the United States space policy announced on January 14, 2004 by President George W. Bush. ... January 2004 : â† - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- â†’ Irelands Roman Catholic and Protestant Boy Scouts organisations merge after nearly a century of division, in spite of efforts by the Roman Catholic bishops to block the merger. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (IPA [ËˆnÃ¦sÉ™]) is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nations public space program. ... The Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) is the official title of a large-scale, system level study conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during the Summer of 2005 in response to the American president George W. Bushs announcement on January 14, 2004 of his goal of... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

A Shuttle-derived launch architecture was selected by NASA for the Ares I. Originally, the vehicle would have used a 4-segment Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) for the first stage, with a simplified Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) being used for the second stage. An unmanned version, identical with the current design, would have used the 5-segment booster, but with the second stage using the single SSME. Space Shuttle Main Engine cluster The Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) are the three main engines on the Space Shuttle orbiter. ...

But shortly after the initial design was approved, additional tests revealed that the Orion spacecraft would be too heavy to be lifted with the 4-segment booster. In January, 2006, NASA announced that the Orion spacecraft would be slightly reduced in size, a fifth segment would be added to the solid-rocket first stage, and that the single SSME would be replaced with the Apollo-derived J-2X motor. While the switch from a 4-segment first stage to a 5-segment version would allow NASA to construct virtually identical motors (albeit with some segments being interchangeable), the main reason for the change to the 5-segment booster was the need to adopt the J-2X.

At approximately US$20-25 million per engine, the Rocketdyne-designed and produced J-2X will cost less than half as much as the complex SSME (≈$55 million). And, unlike the current SSME, which was designed to start on the ground, the J-2X was designed from the start to be started in both mid-air and in near-vacuum. This air-start capability was critical, especially in the original J-2 engine used on the Saturn V's S-IVB stage, to propel the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. The SSME, on the other hand, would have to undergo extensive modifications to be air-startable and to be able to restart in a vacuum (as the Ares I would fly a "direct-insertion" profile, and since the Orion spacecraft has limited fuel reserves), and would have to be "pre-fired" in a manner similar to the "Main Engine tests" conducted on the SSMEs prior to the maiden flights of each NASA orbiter and before the STS-26 flight in 1988. USD redirects here. ... F-1 rocket engine Rocketdyne is a United States company that designs and produces rocket engines that use liquid propellants. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ... Apollo Spacecraft: Command Module, Service Module, Lunar Module. ... STS-26 was a space shuttle mission by NASA using the Space Shuttle Discovery. ...

NASA has announced that ATK Thiokol, the current builders of the Shuttle SRBs, will be the prime contractor for the Ares I first stage^[5]; ATK is also bidding to become part of the consortium that will build the Ares I upper stage. Rocketdyne, a division of Pratt & Whitney (formerly under the ownership of Rockwell International and Boeing's North America division), will be the main subcontractor for the J-2X rocket engine. Testing of the engine is currently underway at a facility south of Huntsville, AL. Alliant Techsystems NYSE: ATK is a major US aerospace and defense contractor with sales of approximately USD $3. ... A Trident C-4 FBM launches and fires its Thiokol solid rocket first stage Thiokol (variously Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton-Thiokol Inc. ... F-1 rocket engine Rocketdyne is a United States company that designs and produces rocket engines that use liquid propellants. ... Pratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer whose products are widely used in both civil and military aircraft. ... Rockwell International was the ultimate incarnation of a series of companies under the sphere of influence of Willard Rockwell, who had made his fortune after the invention and successful launch of a new bearing system for truck axles in 1919. ... The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661) is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William Edward Boeing. ... Huntsville is the county seat of Madison County, Alabama. ...

On 4 January 2007, NASA announced that the Ares I had completed its system requirements review, the first such review completed for any manned spacecraft design since the Space Shuttle.^[6] This review is the first major milestone in the design process, and is intended to ensure that the Ares I launch system meets all the requirements necessary for Project Constellation. In addition to the release of the review, NASA also announced that a redesign in the tank hardware was made. Instead of separate LH₂ and LOX tanks, separated by an "intertank" like that on the Shuttle ET, the new LH₂ and LOX tanks will be separated by a common bulkhead like that employed on the Saturn V S-II and S-IVB stages. This will allow NASA to construct a shorter and lighter second stage, along with eliminating the need to design a second stage interstage unit that would have to carry the weight of the Orion spacecraft with it. is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... This article is about the space vehicle. ... Project Constellation is NASAs current plan for space exploration. ... The S-II was the second stage of the Saturn V rocket. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ...

Ares I is a two-stage rocket designed to launch an Orion crew capsule into Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 497 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,160 Ã— 720 pixels, file size: 270 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 497 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,160 Ã— 720 pixels, file size: 270 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... This article is about the space vehicle. ... The Ares IV command module in orbit over Mars in 2032. ... The Ares V (formerly known as the Cargo Launch Vehicle or CaLV) is the cargo launch component of Project Constellation. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ...

Development schedule

On 4 January 2007 NASA completed the Ares I system requirements review.^[6] This review was the first major milestone in the design process of the Ares I rocket. Going forward, NASA intends to refine the project requirements through 2007, beginning project design later that year. Project design will continue through the end of 2009, with development and qualification testing running concurrently starting in 2008 and running through 2012. At the same time, flight articles will begin production towards the end of 2009 for a first launch in June 2011. ^[7]^[8] In October 2006 NASA released a draft schedule of all planned NASA Project Constellation missions through 2019 [1]. This document included descriptions of a series of proposed vehicle test missions. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Criticisms

The proposed Ares I configuration has been criticized on several grounds. First, the production of a launch vehicle in the 25 tonnes (55,000 lb) payload class can be seen as direct competition with existing vehicles, e.g. the Boeing Delta IV-Heavy. It can be argued that lower costs and improved safety are likely to result from the use of an existing vehicle, since it would have lower development costs, a proven track record, and would benefit from a higher flight rate. The NASA study group that selected what would become the Ares I concluded the opposite, however, and rated the vehicle as almost twice as safe as an Atlas or Delta-derived design.^[9] Reports of growing political pressure from Congress to cancel the Shuttle-derived system and instead use existing Atlas/Delta vehicles began circulating in mid-2007. The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661) is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William Edward Boeing. ... It has been suggested that some sections of this article be split into a new article entitled Delta IV launches. ...

Second, the configuration chosen by NASA requires two derivative engine development programs - both a new five-segment SRB for the first stage with its associated $3 billion development cost, and a new J-2X for the second stage with its associated $1.2 billion development cost. The extra cost, longer development schedule, and higher safety risk of new, unproven flight hardware all negate many of the supposed advantages of using 'shuttle-derived' hardware. In fact, critics say, the deletion of the SSME and four-segment SRB from the configuration removes the new vehicle from the class "Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicles" entirely.^{[citation needed]} Comparison of the Saturn V, Space Shuttle, Ares I, Ares V, and Ares IV. The Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicle, or simply Shuttle-Derived Vehicle (SDV), is a term describing one of a wide array of concepts that have been developed for creating space launch vehicles from the components, technology and...

Third, technical objections may be raised over the aerodynamic stability of the proposed configuration. The tall, slender 'stick' configuration leads to a forward center of pressure and an aft center of gravity. Thus, the Ares I will continually tend to turn around, being most stable if flying backwards. The thrust vector control system on the SRB will have to constantly cope with this instability, which may lead to increased mechanical loads on the airframe. NASA has ongoing wind tunnel studies to address this problem.^{[citation needed]} The Center of Pressure (or CoP) is the point on a body where the sum of the total pressure acts. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... NASA wind tunnel with the model of a plane A wind tunnel is a research tool developed to assist with studying the effects of air moving over or around solid objects. ...

Fourth, multiple delays in the Ares I development schedule due to budgetary pressures and unforeseen engineering and technical difficulties continue to increase the gap between the end of the Space Shuttle program and the first operational flight of Ares I. As of late 2007, the first operational Ares I flight is scheduled for late 2015, a full five years after the last Shuttle flight. ^[10] ^[11]

Fifth, performance shortfalls with Ares I have resulted in a series of reductions to the capabilities, size, weight, and even redundant safety systems of the Orion spacecraft which will fly atop the Ares I. ^[12] ^[13] ^[14]

Supporters of the Ares I claim that the vehicle is essential in ensuring the continued employment of the current STS workforce, as well as those involved in developing several critical components (like the five segment SRB and J-2X engine) of the larger Ares V vehicle. Critics claim that the continuing schedules delays will result in mass layoffs for much of the current STS workforce, similar to those that occurred between the Apollo and Shuttle programs, and that the continuing cost overruns will prevent Ares V from ever being built. The Ares V (formerly known as the Cargo Launch Vehicle or CaLV) is the cargo launch component of Project Constellation. ...

See also

Project Constellation is NASAs current plan for space exploration. ... Orion is a spacecraft currently under development by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ... The Ares IV command module in orbit over Mars in 2032. ... The Ares V (formerly known as the Cargo Launch Vehicle or CaLV) is the cargo launch component of Project Constellation. ... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ...

References

^ Ares I Fact Sheet. NASA. Retrieved on 2007-01-08.
^ NASA Awards Upper Stage Engine Contract for Ares Rockets. NASA (2007-07-16).
^ Ares I Upper Stage change - receives additional capacity. NASASpaceflight.com.
^ Exploration Systems Architecture Study -- Final Report. NASA. Retrieved on 2007-01-08.
^ Bergin, Chris. "NASA closing in on naming new fleet", NASA SpaceFlight.com, 2006-02-27. Retrieved on 2006-11-22.
^ ^a ^b NASA (2007-01-04). NASA Completes Review Milestone for Ares I Vehicle. Press release. Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
^ Stein, Keith. "Draft Launch Schedule For Ares Launch Vehicle", Launchspace.com, 2007-01-04. Retrieved on 2007-01-08.
^ Connolly, John (2006-10). Constellation Program Overview. NASA. Retrieved on 2007-01-08.
^ Part 6 of the Exploration Systems Architecture Study Final Report. NASA. Retrieved on 2007-01-10.
^ First Stage Design Problems Arise For NASA's Ares 1 Rocket. SpaceRef.com (2007-11-16).
^ NASA To Evaluate Non-recoverable First Stage for Ares I Launch Vehicle. SpaceRef.com (2006-12-04).
^ Saving spaceship Orion. nasaspaceflight.com (2007-10-01).
^ Orion weight saving refinements continue - focus on ISS access. nasaspaceflight.com (2007-07-15).
^ NASA makes major design changes to CEV. nasaspaceflight.com (200-07-22).

id="External_links"> Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

In October 2006 NASA released a draft schedule of all planned NASA Project Constellation missions through 2019 [1]. This document included descriptions of a series of proposed vehicle test missions. ...

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since November 2007 | Reusable launch vehicles | Human spaceflight | Partially reusable launch vehicles | Project Constellation | Space launch vehicles A sub-orbital spaceflight (or sub-orbital flight) is a spaceflight that does not involve putting a vehicle into orbit. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 368 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (776 Ã— 1265 pixel, file size: 887 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... J-2 Rocket Engine Specifications. ... F-1 rocket engine (The kind used by the Saturn V.) A bipropellant rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses two fluid propellants stored in separate tanks that are injected into, and undergo a strong exothermic reaction, in a rockets combustion chamber. ... Gas generator rocket cycle. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Liquid hydrogen is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. ... The Saturn IB was an uprated version of the Saturn I, which featured a much more powerful second stage, the S-IVB. Unlike the earlier Saturn I, the IB had enough throw weight to launch the Apollo Command/Service Module or Lunar Module into Earth orbit, which made it invaluable... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... The S-II was the second stage of the Saturn V rocket. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ... The Ares IV command module in orbit over Mars in 2032. ... The Ares V (formerly known as the Cargo Launch Vehicle or CaLV) is the cargo launch component of Project Constellation. ... The Ares V Earth Departure Stage (EDS) is the high-energy cryogenic upper stage of NASAs proposed new Ares V launch vehicle. ... Space Shuttle Main Engine cluster The Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) are the three main engines on the Space Shuttle orbiter. ... The RS-68 (Rocket System 68) is the largest existing liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen engine, producing a thrust of 650,000 lbf (2. ... RL-10 Rocket Engine Specifications. ... Vulcain is a first stage propulsion cyrotechnic motor for the rocket Ariane 5. ...

Contents

Ares I’s role in Project Constellation GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");