NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Argentine Anticommunist Alliance

The Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (Spanish: Alianza Anticomunista Argentina, usually known as Triple A or AAA) was a far-right death squad active in Argentina during the mid-1970s, particularly active under Isabel Perón's rule (1974-1976). It later became linked to the military junta led by Jorge Rafael Videla (1976-1983) and played a prominent role in the "Dirty War". Far right, extreme right, ultra-right, or radical right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or quantitive position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ... // A death squad is an armed squad of men that kills civilians. ... President PerÃ³n giving a speech MarÃa Estela MartÃnez de PerÃ³n (born on February 4, 1931, in La Rioja, Argentina) better known as Isabel MartÃnez de PerÃ³n would become the third wife of Argentine President Juan PerÃ³n and serve as President of Argentina in... Jorge Rafael Videla, first president of the Proceso Proceso de ReorganizaciÃ³n Nacional (Spanish, National Reorganization Process, often simply Proceso) was the name given by its leaders to the dictatorial regime that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983. ... Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (born August 21, 1925 in Mercedes, Buenos Aires) was the de facto President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. ... Poster by the Madres de la Plaza de Mayo NGO with photos of disappeared. This article especially refers to the Argentine dirty war; however, the term has been used in other contexts, for example in Morocco; see also lead years. ...

According to a 1983 New York Times article, at the time of the group's founding, Argentina saw a growing number of terrorist attacks by left-wing groups^[1], and harsh repression of dissidence on the part of the military, paramilitary and police forces. However, according to the 1985 Juicio a las Juntas trial, by 1976 both the EPR and the Montoneros had been dismantled, and no real insurgency could legitimize the so-called "Dirty War." The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... Left wing redirects here. ... The Juicio a las Juntas (Spanish, Trial of the Juntas) was the judicial trial of the members of the de facto military government that ruled Argentina during the dictatorship of the Proceso de ReorganizaciÃ³n Nacional, which lasted from 1976 to 1983. ... Official logo of Montoneros The Movimiento Peronista Montonero was an Argentinian radical leftist nationalist-catholic guerrilla group, active during the 1970s. ...

Clandestinely led by José López Rega, Minister of Social Welfare and personal secretary of Juan Domingo Perón, it enforced the repression against the Peronist left-wing. Rodolfo Almirón, arrested in Spain in 2006, was also an important figure of the Triple A in charge of López Rega and Isabel Perón's personal security. SIDE agent Anibal Gordon was allegedly also another important member of the Triple A, although he always denied it ^[2]. JosÃ© LÃ³pez Rega in the mid-1970s. ... Juan Domingo PerÃ³n (October 8, 1895 â€“ July 1, 1974) was an Argentine military officer and the President of Argentina from 1946 to 1955 and from 1973 to 1974. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Rodolfo AlmirÃ³n Sena (1935-Present) is an Argentine and former police officer who was one of the leaders of an extreme right-wing death squad called Triple A, that operated throughout the 1970s. ... An ancient time This page is about the town Side on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. ...

Despite its name the AAA acted against a wide range of opponents to the government, not just Communists. This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...

Creation

The Triple A was organized by José López Rega and Alberto Villar, deputy chief of the Argentine federal police, during the brief interim presidency of Raúl Lastiri in 1973. López Rega, a devotee of occultism and self-styled divinator, became a powerful force in the Peronist movement, exerting great influence over Perón at the time, and his wifeIsabel Martínez de Perón, who assumed the presidency upon Perón's sudden death on 1 July 1974. To support the group, López Rega drew on funds from the Ministry of Social Welfare, which he controlled.^[3] Some of the members of the Triple A had taken part in the Peronist 1973 Ezeiza massacre, when snipers shot on left-wing peronists on the day Perón came back from exile, thus leading to the definitive separation between left and right-wing peronists. JosÃ© LÃ³pez Rega in the mid-1970s. ... For other uses of this term, see occult (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Divination (disambiguation). ... Juan PerÃ³n - Former President of Argentina. ... MarÃa Estela MartÃnez Cartas de PerÃ³n (born on February 4, 1931), better known as Isabel MartÃnez de PerÃ³n or Isabel PerÃ³n, was President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976 and the third wife of Argentine President Juan PerÃ³n. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Book cover of Horacio Verbitskys book on the massacre. ...

Judge Baltazar Garzón's investigations demonstrated that Italian neofascist Stefano Delle Chiaie had also worked with the Triple A, and was present on the day of Peron's return to Argentina. Delle Chiaie also worked with the Chilean DINA and for Bolivian dictator Hugo Banzer.^[4] Stefano Delle Chiaie (born 1934) was a figure on the far right of Italian politics who went on to become a wanted man worldwide. ... Look up Dina in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Hugo Banzer SuÃ¡rez (May 10, 1926 â€“ May 5, 2002) was a politician, military general, and President of Bolivia. ...

Victims

The group first came to national attention on 21 November 1973 when it unsuccessfully tried to murder Argentine Senator Hipólito Solari Yrigoyen by means of a car bomb. The AAA went on to kill 1,122 people according to an appendix to the 1983 CONADEP report^[5], including suspected Montoneros and ERP leftist guerrillas and their sympathizers, as well as judges, police chiefs, and social activists. In total, it is suspected of having killed more than 1500 people.^[6] is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... The Argentine Senate is the upper house of parliament in Argentina. ... The CONADEP (National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons) was created by Argentine President RaÃºl AlfonsÃn on December 15, 1983, shortly after his inauguration to investigate the fate of the desaparecidos and other human rights violations performed between 1976 and 1983. ... Official logo of Montoneros The Movimiento Peronista Montonero was an Argentinian radical leftist nationalist-catholic guerrilla group, active during the 1970s. ... ERP Flag The EjÃ©rcito Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP) was the military branch of the communist PRT (Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores, or Workers Revolutionary Party) in Argentina. ... Guerrilla redirects here. ...

The group is strongly suspected in the 1974 murder of Jesuit Carlos Mugica, a friend of Mario Firmenich, Montoneros's founder.^[5] Others personalities targeted include Silvio Frondizi, brother of former president Arturo Frondizi, former-vice director of the police Julio Troxler, defender of political prisonners Alfredo Curutchet, and former vice-governor of Córdoba, Atilio López. The CONADEP commission on human rights violation has proven the Triple A's execution of 19 homicides in 1973, 50 in 1974 and 359 in 1975, while its involvement in several others hundreds is also suspected. Mario Eduardo Firmenich (b. ... Silvio Frondizi (Paso de los Libres, Corrientes Province, January 19, 1907 â€” September 27, 1974) was an Argentine intellectual and lawyer, brother of president Arturo Frondizi and of the philosopher Risieri Frondizi. ... Arturo Frondizi Ercoli (October 28, 1908 - April 18, 1995) was the President of Argentina between 1 May 1958 and 29 March 1962 for the Intransigent Radical Civic Union. ... CÃ³rdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the centre of the country. ... The CONADEP (National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons) was created by Argentine President RaÃºl AlfonsÃn on December 15, 1983, shortly after his inauguration to investigate the fate of the desaparecidos and other human rights violations performed between 1976 and 1983. ...

One of the most often cited estimates counts 220 terrorist attacks from July to September 1974, which killed 60 and heavily injured 44, as well as 20 kidnappings^[7] Federal judge Norberto Oyarbide, who signed the extradition demand against former leader of the AAA Rodolfo Almirón, qualified in December 2006 the Triple A's crimes as human rights violations and the "beginning of the systematic process directed by the state apparatus" during the dictatorship.^[6]^[8] Rodolfo AlmirÃ³n Sena (1935-Present) is an Argentine and former police officer who was one of the leaders of an extreme right-wing death squad called Triple A, that operated throughout the 1970s. ... When a government violates national or international law related to the protection of human rights, this is termed a human rights violation. ...

Death threats caused many people to leave Argentina. Amongst many well-known and respected people who left are mathematician Manuel Sadosky, artists Héctor Alterio, Luis Brandoni and Nacha Guevara, politicians José Ber Gelbard, lawyer and politician Héctor Sandler, and actor Norman Brinski.^[9] Manuel Sadosky (13 April 1914 – 18 June 2005) was an Argentine mathematician, born in Buenos Aires. ... HÃ©ctor BenjamÃn Alterio Onorato (born September 21, 1929 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine theatre, film and television actor, of important renown in both Argentina and Spain. ... Luis Brandoni (b. ... Nacha Guevara (born Clotilde Acosta, October 3, 1940) is an Argentine singer and actress from Mar de Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... JosÃ© Ber Gelbard (born Radomsko, Poland April 14, 1917; died Washington, D.C. October 4, 1977) was an Argentine activist and politician. ...

The AAA was known to have strong backing from the military and Army Commander-in-Chief Jorge Rafael Videla, who came to power as President following the 1976 coup d'état. Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (born August 21, 1925 in Mercedes, Buenos Aires) was the de facto President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. ... List of Heads of State (Presidents, Directors and Dictators, etc. ... Coup redirects here. ...

Silvio Frondizi (Paso de los Libres, Corrientes Province, January 19, 1907 â€” September 27, 1974) was an Argentine intellectual and lawyer, brother of president Arturo Frondizi and of the philosopher Risieri Frondizi. ...

Others

Fifteen former AAA members (including Rodolfo Almirón, who later became Manuel Fraga's chief of personal security) participated in the Montejurra 1976 shooting of two left-wing Carlists members in Spain, along with Italian neofascist Stefano Delle Chiaie and Jean Pierre Cherid, former member of the OAS and then of the GAL death squad.^[10]^[9] Former Triple A member José María Boccardo also participated with Jean Pierre Cherid and others in the 1978 assassination of Argala, the etarra who had participated in the 1973 assassination of Franco's Prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco.^[11] Rodolfo AlmirÃ³n Sena (1935-Present) is an Argentine and former police officer who was one of the leaders of an extreme right-wing death squad called Triple A, that operated throughout the 1970s. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Montejurra in Spanish and Jurramendi in Basque are the names of a mountain in Navarre (Spain) region. ... Carlism was a conservative political movement in Spain, purporting to establish an alternative branch of the Bourbons in the Spanish throne. ... Stefano Delle Chiaie (born 1934) was a figure on the far right of Italian politics who went on to become a wanted man worldwide. ... Jean Pierre Cherid (died on March 19, 1984 in Biarritz, France [1]) was a far right French activist, who first became a member of the OAS during the Algerian War (1954-1962), and then belonged to the Spanish GAL death squad (he had already been a key figure of the... The Organisation de larmÃ©e secrÃ¨te (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (AlgÃ©rie franÃ§aise). ... Grupos Antiterroristas de LiberaciÃ³n (Antiterrorist Liberation Groups) were death squads illegally set up by officials within the Spanish government to fight ETA. They were active from 1983 until 1987, under PSOEs cabinets. ... JosÃ© Miguel BeÃ±aran OrdeÃ±ana (born 1949, Arrigorriaga, Vizcaya, Spain â€“ died 21 December 1978, Anglet, France) was a Basque anti-fascist and a key figure in the political evolution of the pro-independence terrorist organization Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA). ... For other uses, see ETA (disambiguation). ... Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo TeÃ³dulo Franco y Bahamonde (December 4, 1892 - November 20, 1975), commonly known as Francisco Franco (pronounced ) or Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was leader of Spain from October 1936, as regent of Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in 1975. ... Monument to Luis Carrero Blanco in SantoÃ±a (Cantabria, Spain) by Juan de Ãvalos Luis Carrero Blanco (March 4, 1903, SantoÃ±a, Cantabria â€“ December 20, 1973, Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish admiral and statesman. ...

References

^ "Ex-Argentine Security Chief Arrested", New York Times, 1983-11-12.
^ Quién fue Aníbal Gordon, El Clarin (Spanish)
^ Un juez argentino ordena capturar al ex jefe de la 'Triple A', que vive en Valencia, El Mundo, December 20, 2006 (Spanish)
^ "Las Relaciones secretas entre Pinochet, Franco y la P2 - Conspiración para matar", Equipo Nizkor, February 4, 1999. (Spanish)
^ ^a ^b "Rights: Argentina Renews Hunt for 'Triple A' Death Squad", IPS, 2007-02-23.
^ ^a ^b Justicia argentina condenó delitos de la Triple A, Agencia Pulsar, 27/12/2006, URL accessed on January 4, 2007 (Spanish)
^ González Jansen, Ignacio (1986), La Triple A, Buenos Aires, Contrapunto. (Spanish)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Prisión para el ex policía argentino Rodolfo Almirón por su pertenencia a la Triple A, EFE — El Mundo, December 29, 2006 — URL accessed on January 4, 2007 (Spanish)
^ ^a ^b Rodolfo Almirón, de la Triple A al Montejurra, PDF (Spanish)
^ MONTEJURRA: LA OPERACIÓN RECONQUISTA Y EL ACTA FUNDACIONAL DE LAS TRAMAS ANTITERRORISTAS. Fuente "INTERIOR" Por Santiago Belloch (Spanish)
^ «Yo maté al asesino de Carrero Blanco», El Mundo, December 21, 2003 (Spanish) (English account of El Mundo article)

For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ClarÃn is a major newspaper in Argentina, founded by Roberto Noble on August 28, 1945, and is of centrist political persuasions. ... El Mundo can refer to: El Mundo (Spain), Spanish newspaper El Mundo (Puerto Rico), Puerto Rican newspaper El Mundo (Argentine), Argentine newspaper El Mundo (game), four player tables game described in the Alfonso X manuscript This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... Equipo Nizkor is a human rights NGO concerned mostly about events in South America and Central America, but also Europe [1]. It is affiliated with Derechos Human Rights, Serpaj Europe and the Global Internet Liberty Campaign (GILC). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... EFE is a Spanish news agency created in 1939 by RamÃ³n Serrano SÃºÃ±er and Manuel Aznar Zubigaray while the former was Spains minister of the press and propaganda. ... El Mundo can refer to: El Mundo (Spain), Spanish newspaper El Mundo (Puerto Rico), Puerto Rican newspaper El Mundo (Argentine), Argentine newspaper El Mundo (game), four player tables game described in the Alfonso X manuscript This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... El Mundo can refer to: El Mundo (Spain), Spanish newspaper El Mundo (Puerto Rico), Puerto Rican newspaper El Mundo (Argentine), Argentine newspaper El Mundo (game), four player tables game described in the Alfonso X manuscript This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise...

Contents

Creation

Victims

Others

References

See also

External links