Jorge Luis Borges

Argentine literature is placed among the most important in Spanish language, with world-famous writers such as José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges, Manuel Puig, Julio Cortázar and Ernesto Sábato. As well as other aspects of the Argentine culture, literature in Argentina has always been subject to heavy European influence, especially from Spain and France. Image scanned from spine of Collected Fictions. ... Image scanned from spine of Collected Fictions. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... For the astronaut, see Jose Hernandez. ... Jorge Luis Borges () (August 24, 1899 â€“ June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer who is considered to be one of the foremost writers of the 20th century. ... Manuel Puig Manuel Puig (General Villegas, December 28, 1932 - Cuernavaca, July 22, 1990) was an Argentinian author. ... Julio Cortázar (August 26, 1914 – February 12, 1984) was an Argentine intellectual and author of several experimental novels and many short stories. ... Ernesto Sabato (born 1911 ) is an Argentine writer (of Italian and ethnic Arbëresh/Albanian descent). ... The culture of Argentina is as varied as the countrys geography or its ethnic mix. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ...

History

Beginning

We can say Argentine literature begins about the year 1550, with Matías Rojas de Oquendo and Pedro González de Prado (from Santiago del Estero, the first important urban settlement in Argentina), who wrote both prose and poetry. They were partly inspired, undoubtedly, in the unwritten aboriginal poetry, according to Carlos Abregú Vyrreira by the lules, juríes, diaguitas and tonocotés. A symbiosis emerged slowly between the aboriginal and Spanish traditions, creating a distinct literature, which was geographically limited (well into the 18th century) to the Argentine north and the central region, with the province of Córdoba as its center. Two names stand out from this period: Gaspar Juárez Baviano and Antonia de la Paz and Figueroa, called "Beata Antula". Within poetry, Luis de Tejeda, disciple of Góngora and Saint John of the Cross, is considered to be the first Argentine poet. Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Santiago del Estero is a town in northern Argentina, capital of Santiago del Estero Province, on the Dulce River. ... Prose blah blah blahProse generally lacks the formal structure of meter or rhyme that is often found in poetry. ... Poetry (ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo) = I create) is traditionally a written art form (although there is also an ancient and modern poetry which relies mainly upon oral or pictorial representations) in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. ... Diaguita. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Córdoba Province may refer to: Córdoba Province, Argentina Córdoba Province, Spain This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Luis de Góngora, in a portrait by Diego Velázquez. ... Saint John of the Cross (Juan de la Cruz) was a Spanish Carmelite friar, born on June 24, 1542 at Fontiveros, a small village near Avila. ...

Gradually, with the economic prosperity of the port, the cultural axis moved eastward. The letters of the colonial age (Viceroyalty-neoclassicism, baroque and epic) grew under the protection of the independentist fervor: Vicente López y Planes, Pantaleón Rivarola and Esteban de Luca. The sketches of the gaucho literature appeared: Bartolomé Hidalgo, Hilario Ascasubi and Estanislao del Campo, a native genre that would reach its maximum expression with Martín Fierro, by José Hernández, representative of the national feeling and character. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint In the arts, Baroque (or baroque) is both a period and the artistic style that dominated it. ... The epic is a broadly defined genre of poetry, and one of the major forms of narrative literature. ... La Revolución de Mayo (the May Revolution) was the first attempt at independence in the Viceroyalty of the River Plate, which contains present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. ... Alejandro Vicente López y Planes (1785 - 1856) was interim President of Argentina from July 7, 1827 to August 18, 1827. ... Gauchos fight dramatization A gaucho is a South American cattle herder — the equivalent to the North American cowboy — on the pampas, chacos or Patagonian grasslands found in parts of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil (spelt gaúcho in Portuguese). ... Estanislao del Campo (February 7, 1834 November 6, 1880) was an Argentine poet. ... Martín Fierro is an epic poem by the Argentinean writer José Hernández. ... For the astronaut, see Jose Hernandez. ...

Cultural independece from Spain

The rupture with Spanish tradition, in favor of the French romanticism that postulated the return to popular sources and to the medieval past, allowed Esteban Echeverría to be the creator of the first local and realistic story, El Matadero ("The slaughterhouse"), and of the poem La Cautiva ("The Captive"), with the Pampas as its stage. This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The pampas (from Quechua for plain) are the fertile lowlands that extend across c. ...

In the middle of the 19th century José Mármol published the first Argentine novel, Amalia. Meanwhile poetry decreased its combative spirit and turned towards the anecdotal and sentimental: Carlos Guido y Spano and Ricardo Gutiérrez, the chronicle writers of folk literature; Vicente Fidel López, Lucio V. Mansilla and Juana Manuela Gorriti; and the historical ones: Bartolomé Mitre and Domingo F. Sarmiento. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Juana Manuela Gorriti (1818-1896) Argentine writer. ... Bartolomé Mitre Martínez (1821-1906) was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author. ... Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Albarracín (February 15, 1811 – September 11, 1888) was an Argentine statesman, educator, and author. ...

History of modern literature
The early modern period
16th century in literature | 17th century in literature
European literature in the 18th century
1700s | 1710s | 1720s | 1730s | 1740s | 1750s | 1760s | 1770s | 1780s | 1790s | 1800s
Modern Literature, 19th century
1800s | 1810s | 1820s | 1830s | 1840s | 1850s | 1860s | 1870s | 1880s | 1890s | 1900s
Modern Literature, 20th century
Modernism | Structuralism | Deconstruction | Poststructuralism | Postmodernism | Post-Colonialism | Hypertext fiction
1900s | 1910s | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s
Modern Literature in Europe
European literature
Modern Literature in the Americas
Argentine literature | Brazilian literature | Literature of Canada | Colombian literature | Cuban literature | Jamaican literature | Mexican literature | Peruvian writers | Literature of the United States
Australasian Literature
Australian literature | New Zealand literature
Modern Asian Literature
Modern Asian Literature | Chinese literature | Indian literature | Literature of Pakistan | Tamil literature | Hindi literature | Urdu literature | Indian writing in English | Bengali literature | Marathi literature | Malayalam literature | Japanese literature | Vietnamese literature
African Literature
African literature | Nigerian literature | South African literature
Other topics
History of theater | History of science fiction | History of ideas | Intellectual history | Literature by nationality

This article is the second in a series of The History of Literature. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... See also: 15th century in literature, other events of the 16th century, 17th century in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 16th century in literature, other events of the 17th century, 1700 in literature, list of years in literature. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... Modernist literature is the literary form of modernism, it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history of the modern novel and modern poetry. ... Structuralism is a general approach in various academic disciplines that explores the inter-relationships between fundamental elements of some kind, upon which some higher mental, linguistic, social, cultural etc structures are built, through which then meaning is produced within a particular person, system, culture. ... This article needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Post-structuralism is a body of work that followed in the wake of structuralism, and sought to understand the Western world as a network of structures, as in structuralism, but in which such structures are ordered primarily by local, shifting differences (as in deconstruction) rather than grand binary oppositions and... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... -1... Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature found mostly online, characterized by non-linearity and reader interaction. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... How to describe the literature of a nation is often debatable, and is also in natural flux throughout the nations history, so this beginners guide to Canadian literature will offer links to as many actual Canadian authors as possible so the reader can weigh what is being said... Mexican literature plays an important role in Mexican culture. ... This topic is considered to be an essential subject on Wikipedia. ... Australian literature began soon after the establishment of the country by Europeans. ... New Zealand claims as its own many writers, even those immigrants born overseas or those emigrants who have gone into exile. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Literature stubs | Literature of Pakistan ... Tamil literature is literature in the Tamil language which most prominently includes the contributions of the Tamil country (or Tamizhagam) history, a large part of which constitutes the modern state of Tamil Nadu in India and some parts of Kerala, Karnataka and Andra pradesh. ... Literature in Hindi, the language spoken by the majority of people in India. ... Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language, Urdu, in which it is written. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Indian English Literature. ... This article is about the Bengali language. ... Literature in Marathi. ... Literature written in Malayalam language. ... Japanese literature spans a period of almost two millennia of writing. ... Vietnamese literature is literature, both oral and written, created by Vietnamese-speaking people. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... South Africa has a diverse literary history. ... // Western Theatre History Ancient Greek theatre Main article: Ancient Greek theatre The earliest days of western theater remain obscure, but the oldest surviving plays come from ancient Greece. ... This article covers the history of the literary genre of science fiction. ... The history of ideas is a field of research in history and in related fields dealing with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. ... Intellectual history means either: the history of intellectuals, or: the history of the people who create, discuss, write about and in other ways propagate ideas. ...

Generation of 1880

The generation of 1880 emphasized the European color and the cultural supremacy of Buenos Aires. The immigratory current of mixed ethnicities accentuated the change of the big village for the cosmopolitan metropolis. The poetry of this period is lyric: Leopoldo Díaz y Almafuerte. Essay is a recent genre: José Manuel Estrada, Pedro Goyena and Joaquín V. González. The narrative works oscillated between social issues and folk literature: Miguel Cané, Eugenio Cambaceres, Julián Martel y Carlos María Ocantos. 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ... Buenos Aires (Good Airs in Spanish, originally meaning Fair Winds) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as one of the largest cities in Latin America. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... An essay is a short work that treats a topic from an authors personal point of view, often taking into account subjective experiences and personal reflections upon them. ...

Modern

Towards the end of the century, led by Nicaraguan Rubén Darío, modernism appears. Preciousism and symbolism sum up the aesthetic piece of news, which will give the highest voice of the Argentine contemporary poetry: Leopoldo Lugones, author of the first Argentine science fiction story. Rubén Darío Félix Rubén García Sarmiento (January 18, 1867 – February 6, 1916) was a Nicaraguan poet who wrote under the pseudonym of Rubén Darío. ... Modernism as an artistic and cultural movement that generally includes progressive art and architecture, music and literature emerging in the decades before 1914, as artists rebelled against late 19th century academic and historicist traditions. ... Leopoldo Lugones (13 June 1874 - 1938) was an Argentine writer and journalist. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ...

The first generation in Argentine literature is that of the Martinfierristas (c. 1922). The movement contributes an intellectual doctrine in which current representative paths come together: that of Florida group, adscript to ultraísmo, with Oliverio Girondo, Jorge Luis Borges, Leopoldo Marechal and Macedonio Fernández; and that of Boedo, impressed by Russian realism, with Raúl González Tuñón, César Tiempo y Elías Catelnuovo. Of all of them, Ricardo E. Güiraldes. Molinari, of classic style, poetry and preciousist. Martín Fierro is an epic poem by the Argentinean writer José Hernández. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Florida group (Sp. ... The Ultraist movement (in Spanish, ultraísmo) was a literary movement, born in Spain in 1918, with the declared intention of opposing modernism, which had dominated Spanish poetry since the end of the 19th century. ... Jorge Luis Borges () (August 24, 1899 â€“ June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer who is considered to be one of the foremost writers of the 20th century. ... Realism is commonly defined as a concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary. ...

Between the end of this decade and the beginning of the following one emerged the Novísimos ("Newest"), a new generation of poets (Arturo Cambours Ocampo, Carlos Carlino and José Portogalo), as well as narrators (Arturo Cerretani, Roberto Arlt, Luis Maria Albamonte and Luis Horacio Velázquez) and playwrights (Roberto Valenti, Juan Oscar Ponferrada and Javier Villafañe). This group postulates the philosophical reflection of man and the restoration of the essence of Argentinidad. Roberto Arlt (1900-1942) was an Argentinian short-story writer, novelist and playwright. ...

Generation of 37'

The Generation of 1937 centres on poetry, where it develops the descriptive, the nostalgic and the mindful with Vicente Barbieri, Olga Orozco, León Benarós and Alfonso Sola Gonzáles. The narrators lined up after idealism and magic realism (María Granata, Adolfo Bioy Casares, Julio Cortázar and Manuel Mujica Láinez) and realism (Ernesto L. Castro, Ernesto Sábato and Abelardo Arias), with some urban touches and writers of folk literature (Joaquín Gómez Bas and Roger Plá). Essayists do not abound: Antonio Pagés Larraya, Emilio Carilla and Luis Soler Cañas. 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Magic realism (or magical realism) is a literary genre in which magical elements appear in an otherwise realistic setting. ... Adolfo Bioy Casares (September 15, 1914 - March 18, 1999) was an Argentine fiction writer. ... Julio Cortázar (August 26, 1914 – February 12, 1984) was an Argentine intellectual and author of several experimental novels and many short stories. ... Ernesto Sabato (born 1911 ) is an Argentine writer (of Italian and ethnic Arbëresh/Albanian descent). ...

Neohumanism, Existentialism and other influences

About 1950 another milestone arises: Neohumanism, which is a response to the state of thought in the post-war period. In an andarivel the avant-gardists run: Raúl Gustavo Aguirre, Edgar Bayley and Julio Llinás; in other, the existentiaries: José Isaacson, Julio Arístides and Miguel Ángel Viola; further away, those who reconcile both tendencies with a regionalist basis: Alfredo Veiravé, Jaime Dávalos and Alejandro Nicotra. In the narrators we find charged testimonies of the epoch: Beatriz Guido, David Viñas and Marco Denevi. In the majority of these writers, a strong influence of the Anglo-Saxon and Italian poetry can be perceived. 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... New Humanism or neohumanism were terms applied to a theory of literary criticism, together with its consequences for culture and political thought, developed around 1900 by the American scholar Irving Babbitt, and the scholar and journalist Paul Elmer More. ... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and deadliest... A work similar to Marcel Duchamps Fountain Avant garde (written avant-garde) is a French phrase, one of many French phrases used by English speakers. ... ... Marco Denevi (b. ... Old English poetry is based upon one system of verse construction which was used for all poems. ... // A Dante Alighieri B Angelo Barile Bruno Barilli Luigi Bartolini C Dino Campana Vincenzo Cardarelli Dario Chioli Girolamo Comi F Franco Fortini G Margherita Guidacci Luca Ghiselli J Piero Jahier L Mario Luzi M Alda Merini Grazyna Miller Eugenio Montale O Arturo Onofri P Cesare Pavese Q Salvatore Quasimodo U...

A new generation goes from 1960 to 1990. Influences are heterogeneous: Sartre, Camus, Eluard; some Spanish writers, like Celaya; and Argentinians like Borges, Arlt, Cortázar and Marechal. Two tendencies can be seen: the tracing of metaphysical time and historicity (Horacio Salas, Alejandra Pizarnik, Ramón Plaza) and the urban and social convulsions (Abelardo Castillo, Marta Lynch, Manuel Puig). 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... By Sartre Americans and Their Myths Sartres 1947 essay in The Nation Sartre Internet Archive on Marxists. ... Albert Camus Albert Camus (November 7, 1913 – January 4, 1960) was a French author and philosopher and one of the principal luminaries (with Jean-Paul Sartre) of existentialism. ... Metaphysics (Greek words meta = after/beyond and physics = nature) is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of first principles and being (ontology). ... Historicity refers to the historical authenticity of a person, event, or place. ... This article is about the medical condition. ... Abelardo Castillo is an Argentine writer, born in the city of San Pedro. ... Manuel Puig Manuel Puig (General Villegas, December 28, 1932 - Cuernavaca, July 22, 1990) was an Argentinian author. ...

From the Argentine provinces important poets and storytellers appear: Luis Franco, Juan L. Ortiz and Jorge Washington Ábalos.

Dark military days

The 1970s are dark for the intellectual creation. The sign of the epoch is exile (Juan Gelman, Antonio Di Benedetto) or death (Roberto Santoro, Haroldo Conti). Some poets (Agustín Tavitián, Antonio Aliberti), narrators (Osvaldo Soriano, Fernando Sorrentino), and essayists (Ricardo Herrera, María Rosa Lojo) stand out between the vicissitudes and renew the field of the ethical and aesthetic ideas. Again the referents are Eluard, Eliot, Montale and Neruda. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... Exile is a form of punishment. ... Antonio di Benedetto, (2 November 1922 - 10 October 1986), was an Argentinean writer. ... Pablo Neruda as a Presidential candidate in 1970 Pablo Neruda (July 12, 1904 – September 23, 1973) was the pen name of the Chilean writer Ricardo Eliecer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto. ...

From the politically active ambiences appears a big writer: journalist Julio Carreras (h), many of whose principal works begin newly to be valued. He was seven years prisoner of the military dictatorship. Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (Spanish, National Reorganization Process, often simply Proceso) was the name used by its leaders for the right-wing military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983 (which in Argentina it simply known as the military junta, even though several of them existed throughout its...

Current

The 1990s are marked by the reunion of the survivors of different generations, in an intellectual coalition for the review of values and texts facing the end of the century. The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, the last decade of the 20th Century. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

Miscellanea

Ernesto Che Guevara was an Argentine, born in Rosario. Besides his armed fight and his political involvement with Fidel Castro's government in Cuba, he wrote The Motorcycle Diaries, about his travels around Argentina and South America, which was turned recently into a movie. Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (June 14, 1928 â€º â€“ October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara or el Che, was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary and Cuban guerrilla leader. ... Rosario is the largest city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, and the third most populous in the country, after Córdoba and Buenos Aires. ... Fidel Castro Ruz (born August 13, 1926) has been the leader of Cuba since 1959, when, leading the 26th of July Movement, he overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista, and transformed Cuba into the first Communist state in the Western Hemisphere. ... The Motorcycle Diaries (Spanish: Notas de viaje or Diarios de motocicleta) is an autobiographical book by Ernesto Che Guevara about his travels through South America with his friend Alberto Granado. ...

See also

• Latin America novel boom
• Cultural movement
• Spanish literature
• Mexican literature
• Spanish poetry
• Spanish American poetry

After World War II, Latin America in general prospered in many areas due to the economic boom of the post-war period. ... A cultural movement is a change in the way a number of different disciplines approach their work. ... Spanish literature may refer to: literature composed in the Spanish language literature of Spain in any of the languages of Spain It may include Spanish poetry, prose and novels. ... Mexican literature plays an important role in Mexican culture. ... Spanish poetry is the poetic tradition of Spain. ... Dear User, this is severely unedited. ...

External links

• Historia de la Literatura Argentina (Spanish)
• Literatura Argentina (Spanish)
• Generaciön del 37 (Spanish)
• La inmugración en la Literatura Argentina (spanish)
• Orígenes de la Literatura Argentina (Spanish)