The Ariane 4

Ariane is a series of a European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use. The name comes from the French spelling of the mythological character Ariadne; the word is also used as the name of a type of hummingbird. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (465x667, 77 KB) from http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (465x667, 77 KB) from http://www. ... This article is very long. ... An expendable launch system is a single-use launch vehicle usually used to launch a payload into space. ... Space has been an interest for philosophers and scientists for much of human history. ... Drinking scene with Dionysus and Ariadne on his lap. ... Subfamilies Phaethornithinae Trochilinae For a list of species, see: Alphabetic species list Taxonomic species list Hummingbirds are small birds in the family Trochilidae. ...

France first proposed the Ariane project in early and it was officially agreed upon at the end of 1973 after delicate discussions between France, Germany and the UK. The project was Western Europe's second attempt to develop its own launcher following the unsuccessful Europa project. The Ariane project was code-named L3S (the French acronym for third-generation substitution launcher). The European Space Agency (ESA) has oversight of the development of all Ariane launchers and of the testing facilities; while Arianespace, a commercial entity created in 1980, handles production, operations and marketing. A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ... The Europa rocket was an early expendable launch system of the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO), which was the precursor to the European Space Agency and its Ariane family of launchers. ... ESA redirects here. ... Founded in 1980, Arianespace SA undertakes the production, operation and marketing of the Ariane 4 and Ariane 5 rocket launchers as part of the Ariane programme. ... Manufacturing operations concern the operation of a facility, as opposed to maintenance, supply and distribution, health, and safety, emergency response, human resources, security, information technology and other infrastructural support organizations. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Marketing Look up marketing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Arianespace launches Ariane rockets from the Guiana Space Center at Kourou in French Guiana, where the proximity to the equator gives a significant advantage for the launch. The Guiana space centre (French: Centre Spatial Guyanais) is a French/European spaceport near Kourou in French Guiana. ... Kourou is a town and commune in French Guiana. ... World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas, in São Tomé and Príncipe. ...

The several versions of the launcher include:

• Ariane 1, first successful launch on December 24, 1979
• Ariane 2, first successful launch on November 20, 1987 (the first launch on May 30, 1986 failed)
• Ariane 3, first successful launch on August 4, 1984
• Ariane 4, first successful launch on June 15, 1988
• Ariane 5, first successful launch on October 30, 1997 (the first launch on June 4, 1996 failed).

The Ariane 5

Ariane 1 was a 3-stage launcher, derived from missile technology. Arianes 2 through 4 are enhancements of the basic vehicle. The major differences are improved versions of the engines, allowing stretched first- and third-stage tanks and greater payloads. The largest versions can launch two satellites, mounted in the SPELDA (Structure Porteuse Externe pour Lancements Doubles Ariane) adapter. Ariane I is the first version of the Ariane launcher family. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 were expendable launch systems in the Ariane family designed by the European Space Agency. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 were expendable launch systems in the Ariane family designed by the European Space Agency. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ariane 42P rocket with the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite (Kourou, August 10, 1992) (NASA) Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the European Space Agency and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ariane 5 mock-up Ariane 5 is a European expendable launch system designed to deliver satellites into geostationary transfer orbit and to send payloads to Low Earth orbit. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Ariane (rocket) ... Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Ariane (rocket) ... Exocet missile in flight A missile (see also pronunciation differences) is a projectile propelled as a weapon at a target. ... An engine is something that produces some effect from a given input. ... An Earth observation satellite, ERS 2 For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). ...

Such later versions are often seen with strap-on boosters. These layouts are designated by suffixes after the generation number. First is the total number of boosters, then letters designating liquid- or solid-fuelled stages. For example, an Ariane 42P is an Ariane 4 with 2 solid-fuel boosters. An Ariane 44LP has 2 solid, 2 liquid boosters, and a 44L has 4 liquid-fuel boosters. A booster may mean: a person who promotes his or her town or region – see boosterism a booster rocket used in space flight to achieve escape velocity a co-channel repeater in broadcasting, used to improve signal strength a booster seat, used by children after outgrowing a highchair a booster... Liquid fuels are those combustible or energy-generating molecules which can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, which in turn usually produces kinetic energy, and which also must take the shape of their container. ... Solid fuel is a term given to various types of solid material that provide energy. ...

Ariane 5 is a nearly-complete redesign. The two storable lower stages are replaced with a single, cryogenic core stage. This simplifies the stack, along with the use of a single core engine (Vulcain). Because the core cannot lift its own weight, two solid-fuel boosters are strapped to the sides. The boosters can be recovered for examination but are not reused. The upper stage is storable and restartable, powered by a single Aestus engine.^[1] Vulcain is a first stage propulsion cyrotechnic motor for the rocket Ariane 5. ...

As with many rockets, the initial flights of each new Ariane model have seen failures. However, overall, the Ariane 4 and 5 are the most reliable commercial rockets ever launched. As of January 2006, 169 Ariane flights have boosted 290 satellites, successfully placing 271 of them on orbit (223 main passengers and 48 auxiliary passengers) for a total mass of 575 000 kg successfully delivered on orbit. This success rate also makes Arianespace the foremost commercial launcher; in some years, more than two thirds of all commercial satellites have been launched with the company's vehicles. 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In addition, the Ariane 5 is capable of launching the heaviest loads available. On 27 May 2006, an Ariane 5-ECA rocket set a new commercial payload record, lifting 2 satellites with a combined mass of 8.2 tonnes. ^[2] May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Models

Flyable models of the Ariane 4 and 5 are available as kits from Noris Raketen in Germany. In 1987 Lambert Shelter built a 5.40 metre long flyable model of the Ariane, now displayed at the Hermann Oberth Space Travel Museum in Feucht. A 4.5 m, 85 kg flyable model of the Ariane 4, built by the Advanced Rocketry Group Of Switzerland (ARGOS), was launched in 2002 in Amarillo, Texas and successfully again on 19 September 2004 at 12:15 local time in the Val de Ruz in the Canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. The Hermann Oberth Space Travel Museum (Hermann-Oberth-Raumfahrt-Museum, or Herman Oberth Museum for short) is a museum of space technology in the Franconian city of Feucht in Bavaria, Germany. ... Feucht is a town south-east of Nuremberg with 13,572 inhabitants. ... Nickname: The Yellow Rose of Texas, Helium Capital of the World, Rotor City USA Location within the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas County Potter (and Randall) Government  - Mayor Debra McCartt Area  - City  90. ... September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Neuchâtel is a canton of Switzerland. ...

References

British SkyNet Satellite launch on Ariane 5

See also

• Diamant
• Europa rocket
• Vega

The Diamant rocket (diamant is French for diamond) was the first exclusively French expendable launch system. ... The Europa rocket was an early expendable launch system of the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO), which was the precursor to the European Space Agency and its Ariane family of launchers. ... Vega (ESA) Vega is a planned expendable launch system developed jointly by the Italian Space Agency and the European Space Agency since 1998, with the first launch planned for 2006. ...

External links

• European Space Agency
• Arianespace
• Noris Raketen web site — flyable models
• Downloadable paper models of various ESA spacecraft (Ariane at the bottom)