It has been suggested that Arikara language be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Pre-contact distribution of Arikara

Mandan and Arikara delegation.

Arikara (also Arikaree, Ree) refers to a group of Native Americans that speak a Caddoan language. They were a semi-nomadic group that lived on the plains of South Dakota for several hundred years. They lived in tipis and were an agricultural society. Their primary crop was corn (or maize), and it was such an important aspect of their society that it was often referred to as "Mother Corn." Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... The language of the Arikara Native Americans, who lived on the Missouri River region in North and South Dakota. ... Image File history File links Arikara_lang. ... Image File history File links Arikara_lang. ... Image File history File links Summary Mandan and Arikara delegation (cropped). ... Image File history File links Summary Mandan and Arikara delegation (cropped). ... Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... The Caddoan languages are a family of Native American languages. ... “Corn” redirects here. ...

The Arikara moved from South Dakota into North Dakota, now on the Fort Berthold reservation. Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area  Ranked 17th  - Total 77,163 sq mi (199,905 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 380 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... The Fort Berthold Reservation is a federal indian reservation in North Dakota that is home for the Three Affiliated Tribes which consists of the Mandan, Arikara and Hidatsa peoples. ...

Their culture was decimated by small pox in the late 1830s, and due to their reduced numbers, started to work closer to the Mandan and Hidatsa tribes who lived in the same area. Today the three tribes are still associated closely together and are known as the Three Affiliated Tribes. The Mandan are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the banks of the Missouri River and its tributaries, the Heart and Knife Rivers in present-day North and South Dakota. ... Pehriska-Ruhpa of the Dog Band of the Hidatsa. ... Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes, are a Native American group comprised of a union of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara peoples, whose native lands ranged across the Missouri River basin in the Dakotas. ...

During the Black Hills War, Arikaras served as scouts for Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer during the Little Bighorn Campaign. The Black Hills War was a United States civil war between the Lakota Native American tribe and the United States government from 1876 until 1877. ... “Custer” redirects here. ... The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custers Last Stand, was an engagement between a Lakota-Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army that took place on June 25, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in the eastern Montana Territory. ...

Arikara is now spoken in North Dakota by a very few elders. Arikara is very close to the Pawnee language, but they are not mutually intelligible. Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... The Pawnee (also Paneassa, Pari, Pariki) are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the Platte, Loup and Republican Rivers in present-day Nebraska. ...

See also

• Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation
• Arikara War

The Arikara were among the first people to successfully move to the Dakota Missouri river area and utilize the bison as a food source. They did not live in tipis, execept in certain circumstances. They originated in what is now central Missouri, and were essentially a Woodlands culture. They were hunters of the lowland river fauna, but their ecomomy centered around hunting, gathering, fishing,and espicially horticulture. The archaeology of South Dakota reflects several peoples who attempted to settle and harvest the bison, but nobody stayed for any length of time. When they arrived in the Missouri river area in what is now South Dakota, around 1150 AD, the horse had not been introduced by the Spanish. The Arikara brought their economy with them, focusing on the riverbottoms for sustenance. The homes were semi-subterrianian, dug into the earth about four feet deep, with walls constucted of saplings placed along the perimeter, arched to meet at the center,and excavated earth used to create walls. The houses were warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Using their Woodlands riverbottom economy, the Arikara established homes and villages from which they could look to the Plains and at the bison Without the horse they became successful bison hunters. Working from their villages, they intercepted the herds. they hunted by several means: a triangular fence, a funnel where the herd or portions of it were herded into an ever smaller area where the animals were killed by bow or spear. The Arikara also drove the animals over jumps, panicing the herd to run over a cliff. They also set fire to the prairie grasses, creating a new crop of succulent shoots that could be detected by the bison for miles. Once the herd gathered, warriors in prairewolf skins would crawl among the herd and take an animal. Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes, are a Native American group comprising a union of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara peoples, whose native lands ranged across the Missouri River basin in the Dakotas. ... The Arikara War took place in 1823 near the Missouri River, present day South Dakota. ...

Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.