The Armenians are a A nation is an imagined community of people created by a national ideology, to which certain norms and behavior are usually attributed. Added to this is usually the idea that a national (a person of the national ideology) should speak a certain language. The language itself might however be a... nation or This article or section should be merged with ethnicity An ethnic group is a group of people who identify with one another, or are so identified by others, on the basis of a boundary that distinguishes them from other groups. This boundary may take any of a number of forms... ethnic group, originating in the The Caucasus is a region in West Asia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus mountains and surrounding lowlands. The highest peak is Elbrus (5642m). Ancient countries of Caucasus: Armenia, Iberia, Colchis and Albania Modern Caucasus: Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan The independent nations that comprise... Caucasus and eastern Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... Asia Minor. A large concentration remain there, especially in The text or formatting below is generated by a template which has been proposed for deletion. Please see its entry on Wikipedia:Templates for deletion for comments and voting. Armenia (disambiguation). Armenia ( Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan, Hayq) is a landlocked country in southern Caucasus... Armenia, but almost as many are scattered elsewhere throughout the world.

History

Until modern times, the history of the Armenians is the This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. The earliest known culture in what is now Armenia was the Shulaveri-Shomu culture, who occupied the central Transcaucasus roughly 6000 - 4000 BC. Another early culture in the area was the Kura-Araxes... history of Armenia, a name which designated a shifting region, but a reasonably continuous people in the Caucasus and eastern Asia Minor. Armenia first emerged into history around Centuries: 10th century BC - 9th century BC - 8th century BC Decades: 850s BC 840s BC 830s BC 820s BC 810s BC - 800s BC - 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC Events and Trends 804 BC - Hadad-nirari IV of Assyria conquers Damascus. 804 BC - Death of Pedubastis... 800 BC as part of the Urartu was an ancient kingdom in Anatolia, centred in the mountainous region around Lake Van (presently in Turkey), which existed from about 1000 BC, or earlier, until 585 BC, and which, at its apogee, stretched from northern Mesopotamia through the southern Caucasus. The name Urartu is actually from Assyrian, a... Kingdom of Urartu or Van; the first Armenian state was founded in Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC - 190s BC - 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC Years: 195 BC 194 BC 193 BC 192 BC 191 BC - 190 BC - 189 BC 188 BC... 190 BC. At its zenith ( Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC - 90s BC - 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC Years: 100 BC 99 BC 98 BC 97 BC 96 BC - 95 BC - 94 BC 93 BC 92... 95– Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 70 BC 69 BC 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62... 65 BC), that state extended from Caucasus all the way to what is now eastern The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. Until 1922, the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. The Anatolian peninsula, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, forms the core of the country... Turkey and The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered to be one of the fifteen present-day countries that comprise the Cradle of Humanity. Lebanon is bordered by Syria and Israel. National motto: n/a Official language Arabic Spoken languages Arabic... Lebanon. It became part of the The Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843-1806). Roman Empire between AD 60 and 400 with major cities. During this time only Dacia and Mesopotamia were added to the Empire but were lost before 300. The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman... Roman Empire in Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 69 BC 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61... 64 BC.

In For other uses, see number 301. Events The republic of San Marino is established (traditional date). Gregory the Illuminator converts the king of Armenia, which becomes the first Christian state. Armenia formally adopted the Christian faith. Sima Lun briefly usurps the Jin Dynasty. Roman emperor Edict on Maximum Prices. Births... AD 301, Armenia became the first nation to adopt For other uses of the term Christian, see Christian (disambiguation). Christianity is an Abrahamic religion based on the life, teachings, death by crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the New Testament. Although Christians are monotheistic, the one God is thought, by most Christians, to exist in... Christianity as a state religion (see #Religion. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity. From around For alternate uses, see Number 1100. Events William II of England dies in a hunting accident - Henry I becomes King of England King Henry I proclaims the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a constitution. Baldwin I becomes King of Jerusalem. Baldwin of Bourcq becomes Count of... 1100 to Events Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire The Black Death ravages Europe (1347-1351) Births Manuel II Palaeologus, future Byzantine Emperor John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (approximate date). Deaths March 27 - King Alfonso XI of Castile Categories: 1350 ... 1350, the focus of Armenian nationalism was the The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as Armenia Minor) was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. It was located in what is today southeastern Turkey, in the region of Cilicia. The country was independent from 1080 to 1375... Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, which had close ties to the The Crusader states, c. 1100 Asia Minor and the Crusader states, c. 1140 The Crusader States were the territories created by Western Europeans who arrived in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Crusades in the 12th and 13th centuries. The first four Crusader states were: The County of Edessa The Principality... Crusader States.

As with virtually all other nations of this region, between the (3rd century - 4th century - 5th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. Events Definitive declaration of biblical canon: Council of Carthage Demotic is replaced by Greek Constantine I ends persecution of Christians in... 4th and Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. In the sense of the Common Era... 19th centuries, Armenia was conquered and ruled by, among others, Persian art is conscious of a great past, and monumental in many respects. Example of a modern Persian Miniature by a contemporary artist. Persia is the historical and alternative name for the state of Iran in the European languages. The name was used in the West due to the ancient... Persians, The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. In certain specific contexts, usually referring to the centuries that marked the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it is also often referred to as the Eastern... Byzantines, Arab (disambiguation). There are three factors which may assist to varying degrees in determining whether someone is considered Arab or not: Political: whether they live in a country which is a member of the Arab League (or, more vaguely, the Arab world); this definition covers more than 300 million people... Arabs, For the region of the same name, see Mongolia (region) Mongolia (Khalkha Mongolian: Монгол Улс) is a landlocked nation in central Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and the Peoples Republic of China to the south. It was the center of... Mongols, and The Ottoman Turks were the ethnic subdivision of the Turkic people who dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Brief History The Ottomans were first known to the west in 1227, when they fled the Mongol Empire into the Seljuk Empire in what is now called Anatolia. However, they... Ottoman Turks. This last was to prove particularly disastrous, with The term Armenian Genocide (also known as the Armenian Holocaust or Armenian Massacre) refers to the deportations and related deaths of Armenians during the government of the Young Turks in 1915– 1917. Several facts in connection with the Armenian Genocide are currently causing dispute between parts of the international... two genocidal campaigns against the Armenians in 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January 7 - W.K. Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film. January 8 - A fire at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago causes a good deal of damage. January 9 - New England Telephone and Telegraph... 1894– 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). Events January - April January 4 - Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. January 5 - An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays. January 12 - H... 1896 and 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). Events January 12 - The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress. January 12 - United States House of Representatives rejects proposal to give women the right to vote. January 13 – An... 1915– 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. Impressionist Monet paints Water Lilies. January 8 - Allied forces withdraw from Gallipoli January 17 - The Professional Golfers Association... 1916.

In the Events and Trends Nationalistic independence movements helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece declares independence from the Ottoman Empire (1821). Several countries declared their independence from Spain and Portugal: The Republic of Gran Colombia under President Simón Bolívar (1819 - 1828) expands over South America Mexico (1821) Brazil... 1820s parts of historic Armenia under Persian control centering on Yerevan (Armenian: Երեվան or Երևան; sometimes written as Erevan; former names include Erivan and Erebuni) (population: 1,201,539 (1989 census); 1,088,300 (2004 estimate)[1]) is the largest city and capital of Armenia. It is situated on the Hrazdan... Yerevan and Lake Sevan (Սևանա լիճ in Armenian) is Armenias largest lake, the largest lake in Transcaucasia and one of the largest high altitude lakes in the world. The entire lake is situated inside the eastern Armenian province of Gegharkunik. It is fed by... Lake Sevan were incorporated into The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia. Following the breakup of Russian empire in the The fighting in World War I ended when an armistice took effect at 11:00 hours on November 11, 1918. In the aftermath of World War I the political, cultural, and social order of the world was drastically changed in many places, even outside the areas directly involved in the... aftermath of World War I for a brief period from 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918 to 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. January 9 - Britain announces it will build 1,000,000 homes for war veterans. January 10 - League of Nations holds its first meeting... 1920, it was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army flag The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krest... Red Army, and in 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January 7 - Dáil Éireann, the extra-legal parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64-57 votes. January 10 - Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann... 1922, Armenia became part of the The Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was a short-lived (1922-1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union. The republics roots date back to the dissolution of the Russian Empire in 1917, during the Russian... Transcaucasian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic, later the State motto: Պրոլետարներ բոլոր երկրների, միացեք! Official language None. De facto, Armenian and Russian. Capital Yerevan Chairman of the Supreme Council Levon Ter-Petrossian... Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic ( 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 15 -- The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. January 20 - Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His... 1936– September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). There are 101 days remaining. Events 1700-1899 1745 - Battle of Prestonpans - Hanoverian army under the command of John Cope is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart 1780 - Benedict Arnold... September 21, 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events January January 2 - Sharon Pratt Dixon is sworn in as mayor of Washington, DC becoming the first black woman to lead a city of that size and importance. January 4 - The United Nations Security Council votes unanimously... 1991), now the independent state of Armenia.

Persecution in the Ottoman Empire

See The term Armenian Genocide (also known as the Armenian Holocaust or Armenian Massacre) refers to the deportations and related deaths of Armenians during the government of the Young Turks in 1915– 1917. Several facts in connection with the Armenian Genocide are currently causing dispute between parts of the international... Armenian Genocide.

Armenia has a long history of conquering, or being conquered by a vast number of peoples. The worst persecution of Armenians took place in the last decades of the The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October... Ottoman Empire. The years 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January 7 - W.K. Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film. January 8 - A fire at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago causes a good deal of damage. January 9 - New England Telephone and Telegraph... 1894 to 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). Events January - April January 4 - Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. January 5 - An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays. January 12 - H... 1896 witnessed persecution on a scale that bordered on Genocide has been defined as the deliberate killing of people based on their ethnicity, nationality, race, religion, or (sometimes) politics, as well as other deliberate actions leading to the physical elimination of any of the above categories. There is disagreement over whether the term genocide ought to be used for... genocide. This was followed in 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). Events January 12 - The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress. January 12 - United States House of Representatives rejects proposal to give women the right to vote. January 13 – An... 1915 and 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. Impressionist Monet paints Water Lilies. January 8 - Allied forces withdraw from Gallipoli January 17 - The Professional Golfers Association... 1916 by one of the worst cases of The term ethnic cleansing refers to various policies of forcibly removing people of another ethnic group. At one end of the spectrum, it is virtually indistinguishable from forced emigration and population transfer, while at the other it merges with deportation and genocide. At the most general level, however, ethnic cleansing... ethnic cleansing in modern history. With Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I in progress, the Turks saw the (Christian) Armenians as liable to ally with Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Imperial Russia, and chose to deal with the entire Armenian population as an enemy within their empire. Between one and two million were massacred.

The exact numbers of deaths in the latter period is a very controversial matter; see The term Armenian Genocide (also known as the Armenian Holocaust or Armenian Massacre) refers to the deportations and related deaths of Armenians during the government of the Young Turks in 1915– 1917. Several facts in connection with the Armenian Genocide are currently causing dispute between parts of the international... Armenian Genocide#Statistics of the Second Massacre for discussion.

Geographic distribution

Armenians today are scattered all over the world as a result of the The Armenian Diaspora is a term used to describe the communities of Armenia. There are large Armenian communities in the United States, Russia, Europe, Australia, and South America, and together they comprise the Armenian Diaspora. The growth of diaspora was significanly influenced by the events at the beginning of the... Armenian Diaspora.

About 3 – 3.5 million Armenians live in The text or formatting below is generated by a template which has been proposed for deletion. Please see its entry on Wikipedia:Templates for deletion for comments and voting. Armenia (disambiguation). Armenia ( Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan, Hayq) is a landlocked country in southern Caucasus... Armenia, but there are also about 2 – 2.5 million in The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia, 408,000 in Georgia ( Georgian: საქართველო Sakartvelo), known from 1991 to 1995 as the Republic of Georgia, is a country to the east of the Black Sea in the southern Caucasus. A former republic of the Soviet Union, it shares borders with Russia in... Georgia, at least 400,000 (but possibly as many as 1 million) in the United States, 250,000 or more in The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France, 200,000 in Iran ( Persia: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in southwestern Asia that until 1935 was referred to in the West as Persia. The name Iran is a modern cognate of Aryan meaning Land of the Aryans. Iran borders Pakistan (909km of border) and Afghanistan (936km... Iran, 156,000 in Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. Nagornyy Karabakh; Armenian: Լեռնայի... Nagorno-Karabakh, 100,000 in The Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The borders with Israel and Turkey are subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Golan Heights and the region of Iskenderun... Syria, 75,000 to 150,000 in The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered to be one of the fifteen present-day countries that comprise the Cradle of Humanity. Lebanon is bordered by Syria and Israel. National motto: n/a Official language Arabic Spoken languages Arabic... Lebanon, 50,000 to 70,000 in The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. Until 1922, the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. The Anatolian peninsula, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, forms the core of the country... Turkey, and more scattered in other counties, all together there are about 8 million worldwide.

Approx. 260,000 Armenians lived in Azerbaijan (disambiguation). Azerbaijan ( Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) is a country in the Caucasus, in the crossroads of Europe and Southwest Asia, with an east coast on the Caspian Sea. It borders Russia on the north, Georgia and Armenia on the west, and Iran on the south. The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic... Azerbaijan (without Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. Nagornyy Karabakh; Armenian: Լեռնայի... Nagorno-Karabakh) but they fled (mainly into The text or formatting below is generated by a template which has been proposed for deletion. Please see its entry on Wikipedia:Templates for deletion for comments and voting. Armenia (disambiguation). Armenia ( Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan, Hayq) is a landlocked country in southern Caucasus... Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. Nagornyy Karabakh; Armenian: Լեռնայի... Nagorno-Karabakh and The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia) when the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict errupted.

Watertown is a city located in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 32,986. History Watertown was first settled in 1630 and was officially incorporated that same year. Geography Watertown is located at 42°2217 North, 71°1055 West... Watertown, Massachusetts, Fresno is the county seat of Fresno County, California. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 427,652. 2003 estimates by the Census Bureau approximate a city population of 451,455 and a metropolitan area of 983,788. Fresno is the sixth-largest city in... Fresno, California, and County Los Angeles County, California Area  - Total  - Water 79.4 km² (30.7 mi²) 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) 0.07% Population  - Total (2004 est.)  - Density 205,300 2,456.1/km² Time zone Pacific: UTC-8 Latitude Longitude 34°1015 N 118°15... Glendale, California are three centers of Armenian population in the United States. In Latin America; Armenian may refer to: The Armenian people. The Armenian language. The Armenian alphabet. A former Soviet Caucasian Republic, now independent. See Armenia. The system of Armenian numerals. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article... Armenians are also present in Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in the west. The country is formally named Rep... Argentina, The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean, it borders Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela... Brazil, The Republic of Chile is a country located on the southwestern coast of South America. It is a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean. It shares borders with Argentina to the east, Bolivia to the northeast and Peru to the north. National... Chile, The Republic of Costa Rica is a republic in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south-southeast. Unlike some of its neighbors, Costa Rica has been an exemplar of stability, peace, and democratic governance. Since the minor civil war of the late 1940s that... Costa Rica, and Nicaragua is a republic in Central America. It is the largest Central American nation but the least densely populated. It is bordered on the north by Honduras and on south by Costa Rica. Its western coastline is on the Pacific Ocean, while the east side of the country is on... Nicaragua.

Culture

Main article: Culture of Armenia, Armenia is in the Caucasus Mountains, and its music is a mix of indigenous folk music, perhaps best-represented by Djivan Gasparyans well-known duduk music, as well as light pop similar to nearby Middle-Eastern countries, and extensive Christian music, due to Armenias status as the oldest... Music of Armenia, The following is a list of prominent Armenians. Artists Ivan Aivazovsky, painter Atom Egoyan, film maker Arshile Gorky, painter Eric Grigorian, photojournalist Nonny Hogrogian, childrens book illustrator Yousuf Karsh, photographer Edvard Sasun, painter Business figures Calouste Gulbenkian, businessman and philanthropist Kirk Kerkorian, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer George Krikorian... List of Armenians.

Language

Main article: Armenian is an Indo-European language spoken in the Caucasus mountains (particularly in the Armenian Republic) and also used by the Armenian Diaspora. It is its own independent branch of the family of the Indo-European languages, with no living close relatives. Many now believe that Armenian is close relative... Armenian language.

It is estimated that there are at least 7 million Armenian speakers in the world. 6 million of the Armenian speakers live in the Caucusus and Russia, and perhaps another million people in the Armenian diaspora are also Armenian speakers.

According to US Census figures, there are 203,000 Americans who speak Armenian at home. It is the 20th most commonly spoken language in the United States, having slightly fewer speakers than This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page. The term French Creole can refer to... French Creole, and slightly more than Navajo (Diné bizaad) (occasionally spelled Navaho) is a Southern Athabaskan or Apachean language of the Athabaskan language family, belonging to the Na-Dené phylum. It is like the other Apachean languages in that although the majority of the languages in the Na-Dené family are spoken much farther north (Alaska... Navaho.

Religion

In AD For other uses, see number 301. Events The republic of San Marino is established (traditional date). Gregory the Illuminator converts the king of Armenia, which becomes the first Christian state. Armenia formally adopted the Christian faith. Sima Lun briefly usurps the Jin Dynasty. Roman emperor Edict on Maximum Prices. Births... 301, Armenia became the first nation to adopt For other uses of the term Christian, see Christian (disambiguation). Christianity is an Abrahamic religion based on the life, teachings, death by crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the New Testament. Although Christians are monotheistic, the one God is thought, by most Christians, to exist in... Christianity as a state religion, establishing a church that still exists independently of both the The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. Members generally prefer the term Catholic Church, but this term has multiple meanings (see Catholicism); the term Roman Catholic Church is used in this article to avoid... Catholic and the Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. During the first millennium of Christendom, differences developed between the Christian East and West. By the 11th century, this had culminated in a Great Schism, separating the Roman Catholic Church... Eastern Orthodox churches, having become so in AD For other uses, see number 451. Events September 20 - Attila, king of the Huns, invades Gaul, but is stopped in his tracks at Troyes by Aetius in the Battle of Chalons. Thorismund succeeds Theodorid his father as king of the Visigoths. October 8 - Council of Chalcedon, Ecumenical council of the... 451 as a result of its Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. The word literally means out of communion. Christianity Calvins view on excommunication In John Calvins Institutes of The Christian Religion, he said (4.12.10): For when our Saviour promises that what... excommunication by the The Council of Chalcedon was an ecumenical council that took place from October 8-November 1, 451 A.D at Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor. It is the fourth of the first seven Ecumenical Councils in Christianity, and is therefore recognized as infallible in its dogmatic definitions... Council of Chalcedon. The The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes incorrectly called the Armenian Orthodox Church is the worlds oldest national church and one of the original churches, having been founded in 301. The Apostolic Church separated from the then-still-united Roman Catholic/Byzantine Orthodox church in 506, after the Council of Chalcedon (see... Armenian Apostolic Church is a part of the The term Oriental Orthodoxy refers to the churches of Eastern Christian traditions that keeps the faith of only the first three ecumenical councils of the undivided Church - the councils of Nicea, Constantinople and Ephesus. The Oriental Orthodox churches rejected the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon. Thus, despite potentially... Oriental Orthodox communion, not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. During the first millennium of Christendom, differences developed between the Christian East and West. By the 11th century, this had culminated in a Great Schism, separating the Roman Catholic Church... Eastern Orthodox communion. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity.

The Armenians have, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. The word Muslim means one who submits and implies complete submission to the will of God ( Allah). Muslims believe that nature is itself Islamic, since it follows natural laws placed by God. Thus, a Muslim strives to surrender to God... Muslim region. The The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as Armenia Minor) was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. It was located in what is today southeastern Turkey, in the region of Cilicia. The country was independent from 1080 to 1375... Armenian kingdom of In ancient geography, Cilicia (Ki-LIK-ya) formed a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus (Giaour Dagh), which separated it from Syria. North of Cilicia lie the rugged Taurus Mountains that... Cilicia, had close ties to European The Crusader states, c. 1100 Asia Minor and the Crusader states, c. 1140 The Crusader States were the territories created by Western Europeans who arrived in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Crusades in the 12th and 13th centuries. The first four Crusader states were: The County of Edessa The Principality... Crusader States. The religiously based sympathies that some Armenians presumably held for Imperial Russia provided the pretext for the genocide of 1915–1916 by the Ottoman Turks.

While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially) in the diaspora subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the After the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with the rest of Oriental Orthodoxy formally broke off communion from the Chalcedonian churches, numerous Armenian bishops made attempts to restore communion with the Catholic Church. In 1195 during the Crusades, the church of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia entered into a union with... Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. Members generally prefer the term Catholic Church, but this term has multiple meanings (see Catholicism); the term Roman Catholic Church is used in this article to avoid... Roman Catholic Pope John Paul II has reigned since 22 Oct 1978. The Pope is the Catholic bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches (note that the name within the communion is simply the one Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church). In addition to... Pope), and the Armenian Brotherhood, which considers itself part of the Armenian Apostolic Church but has been much influenced by Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. It generally refers to those that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the Reformation of the 16th century, their offshoots, and those that share similar doctrines or ideologies. It is commonly considered one of the three major branches of Christianity... Protestantism. There are numerous Armenian churches belonging to Protestant denominations of all kinds.

Institutions

The nation-state of The text or formatting below is generated by a template which has been proposed for deletion. Please see its entry on Wikipedia:Templates for deletion for comments and voting. Armenia (disambiguation). Armenia ( Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan, Hayq) is a landlocked country in southern Caucasus... Armenia is the most prominent Armenian institution today. Other important institutions include:

• The The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes incorrectly called the Armenian Orthodox Church is the worlds oldest national church and one of the original churches, having been founded in 301. The Apostolic Church separated from the then-still-united Roman Catholic/Byzantine Orthodox church in 506, after the Council of Chalcedon (see... Armenian Apostolic Church
• The After the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with the rest of Oriental Orthodoxy formally broke off communion from the Chalcedonian churches, numerous Armenian bishops made attempts to restore communion with the Catholic Church. In 1195 during the Crusades, the church of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia entered into a union with... Armenian Catholic Church
• The Armenian General Benevolent Union (aka AGBU) founded in 1906 and the largest Armenian non-profit organization in the world with educational, cultural and humanitarian projects on six continents.
• The Armenian Relief Society, founded in 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January-April January - In Greece, the Military League forces parliament and the king to summon National Assembly to revise Constitution. January 15- In the United Kingdom, General Election held in response to House of Lords rejection of... 1910.
• Hamazkayin an Armenian cultural and educational society founded in View of the modern citys skyline. Cairo incorporates an entire medieval section, which is now a popular neighborhood and contains important buildings of islamic architecture. Average temeprature and precipitations in Cairo Cairo ( Arabic: القاهرة; romanized: al-Qāhirah) is the capital city... Cairo in 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-May January 6- 7 - River Thames floods in London - 14 drowned January 17 - OGPU arrests Lev Trotsky in Moscow; he assumes a status of passive resistance and is exiled to Turkestan February - Kurume University... 1928, and responsible for the founding of Armenian secondary schools and institutions of higher education in several countries.
• The Foundation: 1890 Head: Levon Mkrtchyan The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (Armenian: Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnaktsutiun, or Dashnak) is an Armenian socialist party founded in Georgia in 1890 by Christofor Mikaelian, Rostom Zarian, and Simon Zavarian. It is now the major socialist party and the fourth largest party in Armenia. It... Armenian Revolutionary Federation was founded in Events January 2 - Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer for the U.S. White House. January 25 - The United Mine Workers of America is founded. January 25 - Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days. March 1 - Léon Bourgeois succeeds Ernest Constans as French Minister... 1890. It is generally referred to as the Dashnaktsutyun, which means Federation in Armenian. The ARF is the strongest worldwide Armenian political organization and the only diasporan Armenian organization with a significant political presence in the Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan) is a landlocked country in southern Caucasus, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan in the east and Iran and the Naxçıvan exclave of Azerbaijan... Republic of Armenia.

Classification

Armenians are a sub branch of the Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. By extension, it became a collective name for cultures and religions associated with these languages. Hypothetically, these cultures arose from the expansion of an ancient people, the Proto-Indo-Europeans... Indo-European family, which migrated from the north The Caucasus is a region in West Asia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus mountains and surrounding lowlands. The highest peak is Elbrus (5642m). Ancient countries of Caucasus: Armenia, Iberia, Colchis and Albania Modern Caucasus: Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan The independent nations that comprise... Caucasus in multiple directions around 4500 B.C. Armenians are their own sub-group in the Indo-European family and one of the smallest by population of the family. Whereas other Into-European ethnic groups such as the The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. They speak Slavic languages and reside chiefly in the east of that continent, but are also found in Asia. Ethno-cultural subdivisions One can customarily divide the Slavs into the following subgroups: East Slavs: Russians... Slavs and the The term Germanic peoples may refer to: the Germanic tribes that in the first millennium were seen as a barbarian threat by the Roman Empire and its successors; the Germanic Christianity that in the second millennium came to dominate much of Northern Europe, politically organized in the Holy Roman Empire... Germanics have their own sub-groups, the Armenians do not.

The Armenians have long been viewed as a A nation is an imagined community of people created by a national ideology, to which certain norms and behavior are usually attributed. Added to this is usually the idea that a national (a person of the national ideology) should speak a certain language. The language itself might however be a... nation; however, in The term diaspora ( Greek διασπορά, a scattering or sowing of seeds) is used (without capitalization) to refer to any people or ethnic population forced or induced to leave their traditional ethnic homelands, being dispersed throughout other parts of the world, and the ensuing... diaspora, especially since the era of Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I, they have typically been viewed as an ethnic group.

See also

• The following is a list of prominent Armenians. Artists Ivan Aivazovsky, painter Atom Egoyan, film maker Arshile Gorky, painter Eric Grigorian, photojournalist Nonny Hogrogian, childrens book illustrator Yousuf Karsh, photographer Edvard Sasun, painter Business figures Calouste Gulbenkian, businessman and philanthropist Kirk Kerkorian, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer George Krikorian... List of Armenians

References

• Much of the material in this article comes from the World Factbook 2004 cover The World Factbook is an annual publication by the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with basic almanac-style information about the various countries of the world. The factbook gives a two- to three-page summary of the demographics, location, telecommunications capacity, government, industry, military... CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.
• The categorization of Armenian churches in Los Angeles used information from Sacred Transformation: Armenian Churches in Los Angeles (http://www.usc.edu/schools/sppd/news/exhibits/armenian/) a project of the The University of Southern California (also known as USC), Southern Californias oldest private research university, is located in the urban center of Los Angeles, California. University of Southern California Overview Founded in 1880 as a Methodist University, on land donated by three wealthy Los Angeles residents, it has grown... USC School of Policy, Planning, and Development.

Population data

¹ The Nationmaster.com page on Armenia (http://www.nationmaster.com/country/am/People) gives 93% ethnic Armenians in an estimated national population of 3,326,448 (July 2003 est.), which would yield 3,093,000. It also notes that the population of Azeri can refer to: Azerbaijanis - a Turkic-speaking people of Azerbaijan Azerbaijani language - a Turkic language Azari - an alternative name for the ethnic language in Azerbaijan, most commonly referred as Tati, also spoken in many places in north-western Iran today. Azeri - the name of a female Thoroughbred racehorse, one... Azeris in Armenia has been rapidly dropping in recent years. The National Geographic Atlas of the World, Seventh Edition (1999) puts the population of Armenia at 3,800,000. Adopting that same 93%, that would give about 3,500,000. However, Countrywatch (http://aol.countrywatch.com/aol_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=8&SECTION=COVER&TOPIC=KEYDATA) gives a total national population of only 2,935,400 (2004). It is unlikely that the population of Armenia dropped by 900,000 in five years, and any drop in population is liable not mainly to be ethnic Armenians. In the absence of official census data, there is no reason to consider one of these estimates more reliable than another.

² AGBU News (http://www.agbu.org/agbunews/display.asp?A_ID=75) says, "according to the most conservative estimates ... more than 2 million". The linked article provides some regional breakdown.Orran Daily (http://www.agbu.org/agbunews/display.asp?A_ID=75) quotes the Russian Novosti Agency by saying, "There are 2.5 million Armenians living in Russia".

³ EuroAmerican.net (http://www.euroamericans.net/euroamericans.net/armenian%20census.htm) presents official data from the 2000 U.S. Census (including state-by-state data), which states that there are 385,488 people of Armenian ancestry currently living in the United States. The 2001 Canadian Census (http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/ETO/Table1.cfm?Lang=E&T=501&GV=1&GID=0) determined that there are 40,505 persons of Armenian ancestry currently living in Canada. However, these are liable to be low numbers, since people of mixed ancestry, very common in North America tend to be under-counted: the 1990 census U.S. indicates  (http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/language/table5.txt) 149,694 people who speak Armenian at home. The Armenian Embassy in Canada (http://www.armembassycanada.ca/diaspora/diaspora6.htm) estimates 1 million ethnic Armenians in the U.S. and 100,000 in Canada. The Armenian Church of America makes a similar estimate (http://www.armenianchurch.org/heritage/history/america.html). By all accounts, over half of the Armenians in the United States live in California.

⁴ Nationmaster.com: Georgia (http://www.nationmaster.com/country/gg/People): 400,000 represents 8.1% ethnic Armenians in an estimated national population of 4,934,413 (July 2003 est.).

⁵ Nationmaster.com:Azerbaijan  (http://www.nationmaster.com/country/aj/People): 156,000 represents 2% ethnic Armenians in an estimated national population of 7,830,764 (July 2003 est.) combined with the note "almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region".

⁶ The Education for Development Institute (http://www.e4d.org/about.htm) maintains an extensive site about Armenia (http://www.3noor.org/) that includes information about the Armenian diaspora in various countries (http://www.3noor.org/nnp00/armwmap.html). Their numbers generally agree with other sources when those are available; where we don't have a more authoritative source, we are following their numbers.