NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Armenian SSR

The Armenian SSR (Armenian: Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն; Russian: Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика) or Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia came into being when the Communist Party of Armenia proclaimed control of Armenia on 29 November 1920. On 1 December 1920 Prime Minister Simon Vratsian ceded control of the country. It later changed its name to the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. The period is sometimes known as the Second Republic of Armenia, which followed the short lived Democratic Republic of Armenia (also known as the First Republic of Armenia). 1998 Russian Federation one rouble coin. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... It has been suggested that leap second be merged into this article or section. ... The State Anthem of the Armenian SSR ( (helpÂ· info)) was the national anthem of Armenia when it was an union republic in the USSR, used from 1944 to 1991. ... The Armenian Communist Party (Hayastani Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun) is a communist political party in Armenia. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to oversee the Governments regular activities [and] coordinate the work of the Ministers. ... Order: 4th Prime Minister of Armenia Term: 25 November 1920 - 2 December 1920 Predecessor: Hamo Ohanjanyan Successor: Soviet control Simon Vratsian (1882 - 1969) was an Armenian political figure. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of...

On August 23, 1990, it was renamed into Republic of Armenia, remaining in the USSR for a year before independence. This is the song that never ends yes it gos on and on my friends some people started singing it not knowing what it was they just started singing it forever just becauseThis is the song that never ends yes it gos on and on my friends some... This article is about the year. ...

History

Armenia is absorbed into the Soviet Union

After suffering numerous casualties under Ottoman rule with the Armenian Genocide and the subsequent Turkish-Armenian War, the historic Armenian area was overrun with despair and devestation. When the Democratic Republic of Armenia was invaded by the Bolsheviks in 1920, it was declared a Soviet republic. Afterwards, both Turkey and the new proclaimed Soviet republic negotiated the Treaty of Kars, in which Turkey ceded Adjara to the USSR in exchange for Kars, Iğdır, and Ardahan. The land given to Turkey included the ancient city of Ani and Mount Ararat, the spirtual Armenian homeland which appears on the Soviet Armenian coat of arms. To this day, Armenia does not recognize the Kars treaty. Armenian Genocide The Armenian Genocide (also known as the Armenian Holocaust or the Armenian Massacre) refers to the forced mass relocation and related deaths of hundreds of thousands or over a million Armenians, during the government of the Young Turks (Committee of Union and Progress) from 1915 to 1917 in... Combatants First Republic of Armenia Turkish Revolutionaries In 1920 the Turkish Armenian War was a series of four battles and many small skirmishes between the First Republic of Armenia and groups of the Turkish National Movement. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... Turkey Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars was a friendship treaty between Turkey and the Soviet Union. ... Official language Georgian Capital Batumi ISO code GE.AJ Head of the Government Levan Varshalomidze Area - Total - % water 2,900 kmÂ² n/a Population - Total (1989) - Density 392,432 135. ... Kars is a province of Turkey, and is located in the northeastern part of the country, next to the border with Armenia. ... shows the Location of the Province IÄŸdÄ±r Igdir is a province in eastern Turkey, located along the border with Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. ... shows the Location of the Province Ardahan Ardahan is a province in the northwestern-most corner of Turkey, along part of the border with Georgia. ... Ani, Church of Saint Gregory and Citadel Ani, known to Romans as Abnicum, is a ruined capital of medieval Armenia, now situated in the Turkish province of Kars, immediately south of the Turko-Armenian frontier, at an altitude of 4390 ft. ... Mount Ararat (Armenian Ô±Ö€Õ¡Ö€Õ¡Õ¿; Turkish AÄŸrÄ± DaÄŸÄ±; Kurdish AgirÃ®, Ararat; Persian Ø¢Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª Ararat; Hebrew ××¨×¨×˜, Standard Hebrew Ararat, Tiberian Hebrew ), the tallest peak in modern Turkey, is a snow-capped dormant volcanic cone, located in the far northeast of Turkey, 16 km west of Iran and 32 km south of Armenia. ...

From March 12, 1922 to December 5, 1936 it was part of the Transcaucasian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic together with the Georgian SSR and the Azerbaijan SSR. Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow and the communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was, of course, difficult for the church which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power. Under Stalin, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia were all proclaimed separate republics. However, the lands of Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh (both of which were promised to Armenia by the Bolsheviks in 1920) were transferred to Azerbaijan. March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was a short-lived (1922-1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union. ... State motto: áƒžáƒ áƒáƒšáƒ”áƒ¢áƒáƒ áƒ§áƒ•áƒ”áƒšáƒ áƒ¥áƒ•áƒ”áƒ§áƒœáƒ˜áƒ¡áƒ, áƒ¨áƒ”áƒ”áƒ áƒ—áƒ“áƒ˜áƒ—! Official language Georgian since 1978 Capital Tbilisi Chairman of the Supreme Council Zviad Gamsakhurdia (at independence) Established In the USSR: - Since - Until February 25, 1921 December 30, 1922 April 9, 1991 Area - Total - % water Ranked 10th in former Soviet Union 69,700 kmÂ² -- Population - Total (1989) - Density Ranked... State motto: Ð‘Ò¯Ñ‚Ò¯Ð½ Ó©Ð»ÐºÓ™Ð»Ó™Ñ€Ð¸Ð½ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð»Ð°Ñ€Ñ‹, Ð±Ð¸Ñ€Ð»Ó™ÑˆÐ¸Ð½! Workers of the world, unite! Official language None. ... (Russian: Ð’Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÌÐ¼Ð¸Ñ€ Ð˜ÌÐ»ÑŒÐ¸Ñ‡ Ð›ÐµÌÐ½Ð¸Ð½, IPA:, born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; April 22 [O.S. April 10] 1870 â€“ January 21, 1924), was a Communist revolutionary of Russia, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the main theorist of what has come to be called Leninism, which is described... (Russian, in full: Ð˜Ð¾ÌÑÐ¸Ñ„ Ð’Ð¸ÑÑÐ°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¾ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°ÌÐ»Ð¸Ð½ [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] â€“ March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ...

Image File history File links Soviet_Propaganda_in_the_Armenian_SSR_1937. ... Image File history File links Soviet_Propaganda_in_the_Armenian_SSR_1937. ...

The reign of Stalin

In a period of twenty-five years, Armenia was industrialized and educated under strictly prescribed conditions, and nationalism was harshly suppressed. Stalin took several measures in persecuting the Armenian Apostolic Church already weakend by the Armenian Genocide and russification policy of the Russian Empire. In the 1920s the Church was robbed of its worldly possesions. In the 1930s Soviets began attempts to physically eliminate the Church culuminated by the murdered of Catholicos Khoren I in 1938, as part of the Great Purge, and closing the Ejmiatsin on 4 August 1938. The Church however survived underground and in the diaspora. Official standard of Catholicos Garegin II of Armenia The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes incorrectly called the Armenian Orthodox Church or the Gregorian Church is the worlds oldest national church and one of the original churches. ... Russification is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily or not) by non-Russian communities. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Social issues of the 1920s. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Great Purge (Russian: ) is the name given to campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s. ... Categories: Stub | Tourist attractions in Armenia | Towns and Cities in Armenia | World Heritage Sites in Armenia ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

As with various other ethnic minorities who lived in the Soviet Union under Stalin, millions of innocent Armenians were executed and deported. In 1936, together with Lavrenty Beria, Stalin worked to deport Armenians to Siberia and Turkmenistan in an attempt to bring the Armenian SSR's population under 700,000 and so justify its annexation into Georgia. Under his command, the Communist Party of Armenia used police terror to strengthen its political hold on the population and suppress all expressions of nationalism. Many writers, artists, scientists and political leaders were executed or forced into exile. Lavrenty Beria Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria (Georgian: áƒšáƒáƒ•áƒ áƒ”áƒœáƒ¢áƒ˜ áƒ‘áƒ”áƒ áƒ˜áƒ; Russian: Ð›Ð°Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¹ ÐŸÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ñ; (29 March 1899 â€“ 23 December 1953), Soviet politician and chief of the Soviet security and police apparatus. ... Siberia is also an album by Echo & The Bunnymen. ... The Armenian Communist Party (Hayastani Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun) is a communist political party in Armenia. ...

Additionally, in 1944, roughly 200,000 Hamshenis (Sunni Muslim Armenians who live near the Black Sea costal regions of Russia, Georgia and Turkey) were deported from Georgia to areas of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Further deportations of Armenians from the coastal occurred in 1948, when 58,000 nationalist Armenian Dashnaks and Greeks were forced to move to Kazakhstan. Hamshenis or Hemshils (Turkish HemÅŸinli, plural HemÅŸinliler) are a distinct ethnic group inhabiting the Black Sea region of Turkey. ... The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (Armenian: Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutiun Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnak, or Tashnak) is an Armenian political party founded in Georgia in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian. ...

Revival

After Stalin's death, Nikita Khruschev emerged as the country's new leader. The Kremlin soon began a process allowing for greater expression of national feeling. Khruschev's De-Stalinization process also eased fears for Soviet residents. Additionally, he also put more resources into the production of consumer goods and housing. Almost immediately, Armenia began a rapid cultural and economic rebirth. Also, to a limited degree, some religious freedom was granted to Armenia when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1344x958, 390 KB) Summary Nikita Kruschev in Yerevan, 1961. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1344x958, 390 KB) Summary Nikita Kruschev in Yerevan, 1961. ... Nikita Khrushchev in 1962 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв) (nih-KEE-tah khroo-SHCHYOFF) (April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... // De-Stalinization and the Khrushchev era For further details, see Nikita Khrushchev After Stalin had died in March 1953, he was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and Georgi Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union. ... Vazgen I , originally Levon Garabed Baljian, Catholicos Vazgen (1908 - 1994), was an Armenian (Romanian-born) prelate. ...

Glasnost, Perestroika and their effects on Armenians

Mikhail Gorbachev's introduction of the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika in the 1980s also fueled Armenian visions of a better life under Soviet rule. The Hamshenis who were deported by Stalin to Kazakhstan began petitioning for the government to move them to the Armenian SSR. However, this move was denied by the Soviet government because of fears that the Muslim Hamshenis might spark ethnic conflicts with their Christian Armenian brothers. However, another event that occured during this time made an ethnic clash between Christian Armenians and Muslims inevitable. (Russian: , IPA: , commonly anglicized as Gorbachev; born March 2, 1931) was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Poster showing Mikhail Gorbachev Perestroika ( , Russian: ) is the Russian word (which passed into English) for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. ... MacGyver - 1980s hero The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ...

Armenians in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, which was promised to Armenia by the Bolsheviks and transferred to the Azerbaijan SSR by Stalin, began a peaceful, democratic movement to unite the area with Armenia. The majority Armenian population in the area claimed to be fearful of the "forced Azerification" of the region. On February 20, 1988, Armenian deputies to the National Council of Nagorno-Karabakh voted to unify that region with Armenia. However, ethnic riots soon began breaking out between both Armenians and Azeris, thus preventing a solid unification from taking place. Even worse, Soviet Armenia suffered the devestating 1988 Spitak Earthquake. Image File history File linksMetadata Armenia-soviet-independence. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Armenia-soviet-independence. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Spitak Earthquake was a tremor, measuring 6. ...

Independence

On August 23, 1990, a whole year before the Soviet Union broke apart, Armenia declared its independence. It was not, however, officially recognized until September 21, 1991. It was on this day that the new Armenian republic was declared and re-established. Still, tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued to escalate, ultimately leading to the Nagorno-Karabakh war. Despite a cease-fire in place since 1994, Armenia has yet to resolve its conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. Aside from this, Armenia has seen substantial development over the years and, although blockaded by both Turkey and Azerbaijan over the Karabakh dispute, maintains friendly relations with its neighboring states of Russia, Georgia, and Iran. The Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict that began in the latter half of 1991 and raged on until 1994 in the Caucasus region between mostly Christian Armenia and its eastern neighbor, predominantly Muslim Azerbaijan. ... An armistice is the effective end of a war, when the warring parties agree to stop fighting. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated like the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal. // Events January Bill Clinton January 1 : North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect. ...

Government

Chairmen of the Supreme Council and the Presidium of the Supreme Council

References

Republics of the Soviet Union

onmouseover="pv(event, 128)" onmouseout="unpv(128)" style="">Russian SFSR - Ukrainian SSR - Byelorussian SSR - Uzbek SSR - Kazakh SSR - Georgian SSR - Azerbaijan SSR - Lithuanian SSR - Moldavian SSR - Latvian SSR - Kirghiz SSR - Tajik SSR - Armenian SSR - Turkmen SSR - Estonian SSR
See also Category:Early Soviet Republics // Prehistory Archaeologists refer to the Shulaveri-Shomu culture of the central Transcaucasus region, including modern Armenia, as the earliest known prehistoric culture in the area, carbon-dated to roughly 6000 - 4000 BC. However, a recently discovered tomb has been dated to 9000 BC. Another early culture in the Armenian Highland... Image File history File links Flag_of_Armenia. ... Motto: none Anthem: Mer Hayrenik Capital Yerevan Largest city Yerevan Official language(s) Armenian Government President Prime Minister Republic Robert Kocharian Andranik Markaryan Independence - Declared - Established From the Soviet Union August 23, 1990 September 21, 1991 Area â€¢ Total â€¢ Water (%) 29,800 kmÂ² (139th 1) 4. ... Armenian Cilicia and Crusader States Cilicia The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as Armenia Minor or Lesser Armenia) was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. ... Patriarch Harutyun I This article is about the Ottoman rule of Armenia or Ottoman Armenia, which begining with the rule of Selim II (May 28, 1524 â€“ December 12, 1574) becomes the integral part of the Ottoman Empire. ... Eastern Armenia or Russian Armenia is the portion of Ottoman Armenia that was ceded to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829. ... Armenian Genocide The Armenian Genocide (also known as the Armenian Holocaust or the Armenian Massacre) refers to the forced mass relocation and related deaths of hundreds of thousands or over a million Armenians, during the government of the Young Turks (Committee of Union and Progress) from 1915 to 1917 in... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Motto: Armenian: Õ„Õ¥Õ¯ Ô±Õ¦Õ£ , Õ„Õ¥Õ¯ Õ„Õ·Õ¡Õ¯Õ¸Ö‚ÕµÕ© (Transliteration: Mek Azg, Mek Mshakouyt) (Translation: One Nation, One Culture) Anthem: Mer Hayrenik (Our Fatherland) Capital Yerevan Largest city Yerevan Official language(s) Armenian Government â€¢ President â€¢ Prime Minister Republic Robert Kocharian Andranik Markaryan Independence â€¢ Declared â€¢ Established From the Soviet Union August 23, 1990 September 21, 1991 Area - Total... In its final decades of its existence, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR), often called simply Soviet republics. ... State motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None (Russian in practice) Capital Moscow (last) Chairman of the Supreme Council Boris Yeltsin Established In the USSR: - Since - Until November 7, 1917 December 30, 1922 December 12, 1991 Area - Total - % water Ranked 1st in former Soviet Union 17,075,200... State motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ– Ð²ÑÑ–Ñ… ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½, Ñ”Ð´Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑ! Official language None. ... State motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð°Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ– ÑžÑÑ–Ñ… ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ–Ð½, ÑÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñ†ÐµÑÑ! Belarusian: Workers of the world, unite! Official language None. ... State motto: Ð‘ÑƒÑ‚ÑƒÐ½ Ð´ÑƒÐ½Ñ‘ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð»Ð°Ñ€Ð¸, Ð±Ð¸Ñ€Ð»Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½Ð³Ð¸Ð·! (transliteration: Butun Dunyo Proletarlari, Burlashingiz! (Uzbek: Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ... State motto: Барлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер! Official language None. ... State motto: áƒžáƒ áƒáƒšáƒ”áƒ¢áƒáƒ áƒ§áƒ•áƒ”áƒšáƒ áƒ¥áƒ•áƒ”áƒ§áƒœáƒ˜áƒ¡áƒ, áƒ¨áƒ”áƒ”áƒ áƒ—áƒ“áƒ˜áƒ—! Official language Georgian since 1978 Capital Tbilisi Chairman of the Supreme Council Zviad Gamsakhurdia (at independence) Established In the USSR: - Since - Until February 25, 1921 December 30, 1922 April 9, 1991 Area - Total - % water Ranked 10th in former Soviet Union 69,700 kmÂ² -- Population - Total (1989) - Density Ranked... State motto: Ð‘Ò¯Ñ‚Ò¯Ð½ Ó©Ð»ÐºÓ™Ð»Ó™Ñ€Ð¸Ð½ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð»Ð°Ñ€Ñ‹, Ð±Ð¸Ñ€Ð»Ó™ÑˆÐ¸Ð½! Workers of the world, unite! Official language None. ... State motto: VisÅ³ Å¡aliÅ³ proletarai, vienykitÄ—s! (Workers of all countries, unite) Official language Lithuanian, Russian (de facto). ... State motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€ÑŒ Ð´Ð¸Ð½ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð°Ñ‚Ðµ Ñ†ÑÑ€Ð¸Ð»Ðµ, ÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ñ†ÑŒ-Ð²Ñ! Official language None. ... State motto: Visu zemju proletÄrieÅ¡i, savienojieties! Official language Latvian, Russian (de facto). ... State motto: Ð‘Ð°Ñ€Ð´Ñ‹Ðº Ó©Ð»ÐºÓ©Ð»Ð¾Ñ€Ð´Ò¯Ð½ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð»Ð°Ñ€Ñ‹, Ð±Ð¸Ñ€Ð¸ÐºÐºÐ¸Ð»Ðµ! Official language None. ... State motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ò³Ð¾Ð¸ Ò³Ð°Ð¼Ð°Ð¸ Ð¼Ð°Ð¼Ð»Ð°ÐºÐ°Ñ‚Ò³Ð¾, ÑÐº ÑˆÐ°Ð²ÐµÐ´! Official language None. ... State motto: Ó˜Ñ…Ð»Ð¸ ÑŽÑ€Ñ‚Ð»Ð°Ñ€Ñ‹Ò£ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð»Ð°Ñ€Ñ‹, Ð±Ð¸Ñ€Ð»ÐµÑˆÐ¸Ò£! Official language None. ... State motto: KÃµigi maade proletaarlased, Ã¼hinege (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Official language Estonian, Russian (de facto) Capital Tallinn Chairman of the Supreme Council Arnold RÃ¼Ã¼tel (at the time of regaining independence) Established In the USSR: - Since - Until July 21, 1940 August 6, 1940 August 20, 1991...

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