Armenian Resistance
Conflicts of 1915 (red stars)
Date Location Central-East-South Anatolia Result Massive Casualties, some regions avoid deportations and an establishment of local provisional Armenian government (1915-1917)
Combatants
Ottoman Empire	Armenian Militia of Armenakans (Ramkavars), Hnchakians (Social Democrat Hunchakian Party), and Dashnaktsutiun (Armenian Revolutionary Federation)

Armenian resistance is the military and political activities of the "Armenian militia" or (Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, Armenakan, Armenian Revolutionary Federation) against the Ottoman Empire during the World War One. Armenian resistance was developed under the shadow of Armenian Genocide. 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Anatolia lies east of the Bosphorus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Anatolia is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Foundation: May 1915 - Dec 1917 Head: Aram Manougian With the Armenian Revolution, Armenian provisional government with the progressive autonomous region [1] that initially set up around of Lake Van, which later at the end of WWI officiated as Wilsonian Armenia in Treaty of Sèvres. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem At the height of its power (1683) Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Defenders of Van in front of ARF flag Armenian militia (Armenian irregular units, or Armenian Cethes, Armenian: ), better known by Armenians as Fedayee is a term referring to Armenian guerrillas who voluntarily leave their families in order to fight for Armenians. ... Armenakan is an Armenian organization, also referred as Armenakan party. ... The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, also known as the Hentchak, is the oldest political party in Armenia. ... Defenders of Van in front of ARF flag Armenian militia (Armenian irregular units, or Armenian Cethes, Armenian: ), better known by Armenians as Fedayee is a term referring to Armenian guerrillas who voluntarily leave their families in order to fight for Armenians. ... The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, also known as the Hentchak, is one of the oldest political parties in Armenia. ... Armenakan is an Armenian organization, also referred as Armenakan party. ... The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (Armenian: Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutiun Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnak, or Tashnak) is an Armenian political party founded in Georgia in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem At the height of its power (1683) Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Armenian Genocide photo. ...

Armenian Genocide photo. ... Contemporary political cartoon portraying Hamid as a butcher of the Armenians During the long reign of Sultan Hamid, unrest and rebellion occurred in many areas of the Ottoman Empire. ... The 1986 Ottoman Bank Takeover was the seizing of the Ottoman Bank in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire on August 26, 1896 by members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnak Party). ... The Adana massacre occurred in the city of Adana, in the Ottoman Empire, in April 1909. ... The 1908 Young Turk Revolution even though a popular constitutional movement, was a watershed in the history of the late Ottoman Empire. ... April 24 circular[1] on opposition was the most famous circular passed on April 24, 1915 by Talat Pasha (turkce: Dahiliye Nazırı Talat PaÅŸa) which authorized the governers of the Ottoman Empire to arrest the members of Armenian Revolutionary Federation, and Hentchak and collect the documents from the... the Tehcir Law Tehcir Law (Immigration law) of the parliament of 1912 of the Ottoman Empire was passed on May 27, 1915, begin to be enforced on June 1-1915 with the publication in the Takvim-I Vakayi until February 8-1916. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The estimation of Armenian deaths between 1914 to 1923 during what is called the Armenian Genocide and what followed as the Turkish War of Independence is a subject of controversy. ... Suspended Bridge of Deir ez Zor over the Euphrates River Dayr az-Zawr, also spelled Deir ez Zor , Deir al-Zur and other variants (دير الزور in Arabic), in Armenian Ter Zor, means in English Brushwood Abbey is a city in eastern Syria on the Euphrates River and capital of Dayr az... Sivas is the provincial capital of Sivas Province in Turkey. ... Shows the Location of the Province MuÅŸ MuÅŸ (alternative transliteration: Mush) is a province in eastern Turkey. ... Diyarbakır (Ottoman Diyar-i Bekr دیاربکر land of the Bekr as derived from Arabic[1]; Kurdish Amed; Syriac ; Greek Amida; Armenian Ô±Õ´Õ«Õ¤ Amid) is a major city in southeastern Turkey situated on the banks of the River Tigris, and the seat of Diyarbakır Province. ... Erzurum (Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ«Õ¶ (Karin) in Armenian) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. ... Traditional Trabzon country house Location of Trabzon Province within Turkey Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond or Τραπεζούντα (Trapezoúnda; see also List of traditional Greek place names) in Greek, is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey (Lat (DMS) 41° 2 60N Long (DMS) 39° 43 37E). ... Combatants Ottoman Empire members of Hunchaks (Social Democrat Hunchakian Party) Strength 2nd conflict: 69 grandes, 612 gun, 21 hand-gun, 70 horses Casualties Over 100 soldiers. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Armenian residents of Van Commanders Jevdet Bey Armenak Yekaryan Strength 12,000 1,500 Casualties  ? 12,000 ? (mass civilian casualties) The Van Resistance or Van Rebellion was a reaction of the Armenian population in the city of Van to the measures taken by its governor--Jevdet Bey. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Germany Armenian militia of ARF Commanders Megerdich Yotneghpayrian Casualties  ?  ? The Armenian resistance in Urfa during the Armenian genocide took place as a reaction to Turkish actions. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... New York Times headlines which observes that the entire Christian population of Trabzon was wiped out.[1] Pontian Greek Genocide (Greek: Γενοκτονία των Ελλήνων του Πόντου, Turkish: Pontus Rumları Soykırımı) is a controversial term used to refer to the persecutions, massacres, and other sufferings, including but not limited to the expulsions, deportations, and... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ismail Enver Ä°smail Enver (اسماعيل انور) , known to Europeans during his political career as Enver Pasha (Turkish: Enver PaÅŸa) or Enver Bey was a Turkish military officer and a leader of the Young Turk revolution. ... Talat Pasha Mehmed Talat Pasha (Turkish: Mehmet Talat PaÅŸa) (1874-1921) was one of the leaders of the Young Turks, an Ottoman statesman, grand vizier (1917) , and leading member of the Sublime Porte from 1913 until 1918. ... Ahmed Djemal Pasha Ahmed Djemal Pasha (Turkish: Ahmet Cemal PaÅŸa) (May 6, 1872 - July 21, 1922) was born in Midilli. ... Foundation: 1890 Dissolved: 1918, Court Martialed Head: Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (Turkish: Ä°ttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti) was a political organization during the dissolution period of the Ottoman Empire which came to power between 1908 and 1918. ... Special Organization was name given to a three member executive committee established by the Committee of Union and Progress of the Ottoman Empire. ... This article details the military of the Ottoman Empire. ... now. ... Operation Nemesis is the Armenian Revolutionary Federation code-name for the covert operation in the 1920s to assassinate the Turkish masterminds of the Armenian Genocide. ... Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire is direct consequence of the World War I with the Ottomans involvement in the Middle Eastern theatre. ... Turkish Denial: To have genocide denied is to die twice — An advertisement for the Armenian Genocide Commemoration Holiday on 24th April, 2006 posted in The Times newspaper. ...

Background

See also: Armenian Millitia

There are three perceptions of Armenian resistance activities; the first perception is Armenian resistance the Tehcir Law which is perceived as the tool of Armenian Genocide. It is also perceived the rightful activities of the Armenian patriots to defend and build their national freedom, Armenian national liberation movement. Ottoman sources see these actives as the insurgency of the Armenian Millitia against the Ottoman Empire to build an Armenian national state. the Tehcir Law Tehcir Law (Immigration law) of the parliament of 1912 of the Ottoman Empire was passed on May 27, 1915, begin to be enforced on June 1-1915 with the publication in the Takvim-I Vakayi until February 8-1916. ... Armenian Genocide photo. ... An insurgency is an armed revolt or insurrection against an established civil or political authority, such as a constituted government or an occupation by an invading force. ...

The nature of resistance

The Armenian resistance had no anti-Turkish ambition. Extending a hand of friendship of the Armenian nation.

“"During Van resistance:" Military Council sent a manifesto to the Turkish people saying that the Armenians were fighting one man, Jedet, and not those who had been their neighbours in the past and would be in the future. Valis might come and go, but the two races must continue to live together and they hoped that after Jevdet went there might be peaceful and friendly relations with them.^[1]”

Central task of resistance

Sassouni, a Tashnak, argues that the Armenian national liberation movement's achievement between 1908 to 1914 (pre-genocide period)`was the preparation and organization of nation-wide armed resistance against the Armenians (targets only forces against Armenian Revolutionary Federation), which '(Ottoman Empire's) fundamental aim was to resolve the Armenian question by massacring the Armenian people' ^[2] The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (Armenian: Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutiun Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnak, or Tashnak) is an Armenian political party founded in Georgia in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian. ... The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (Armenian: Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutiun Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnak, or Tashnak) is an Armenian political party founded in Georgia in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian. ...

Activities

• Zeitun Resistance : The Armenian militia of Hunchaks (Social Democrat Hunchakian Party) of the city Zeitun had resisted on two armed conflicts first between August 30-December 1, 1914 and second on March 25-1915 to the Ottoman Empire.
• Van Resistance : The initial armed resistance ocurred between April 19 and May 6, 1915 at the Van and lasted for a period of less than a month. The second big resistance was during the Ottoman advance and the Battle of Van which ended with the arrival of Russian troops on the side of the Armenian forces. The resistance following the uprising and the arrival of Russian army, the latter continued to advance, eventually controlling much of Western Armenia. Armenian volunteer units within the Russian army, as well as Armenian militia, assisted the Russians in governing the region (Aram of Van), as well as in keeping the Ottomans out of it from 1916 to 1918 - nearly three years. With the Russian Revolution, Armenian and Georgian units formed the front line against the advancing Ottoman Army during the Caucasus Campaign.
• Urfa Resistance : In May 27, 1915, hundreds of Armenians were captured by Ottoman authorities in Urfa. The rest sat in a meeting in order to figure a way out of the problem. People thought of many different things, but Megerdich Yotneghpayrian and his partisans were some of the few who preferred to fight till death instead of ceding to the enemy.
• Shabin-Karahisar Resistance Armenians resisted for a month (July-August, 1915) current afyonkarahisar until Neshed Pasha leaved Sivas with three regiments and artillery to subdue the Armenians.

Combatants Ottoman Empire members of Hunchaks (Social Democrat Hunchakian Party) Strength 2nd conflict: 69 grandes, 612 gun, 21 hand-gun, 70 horses Casualties Over 100 soldiers. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Armenian residents of Van Commanders Jevdet Bey Armenak Yekaryan Strength 12,000 1,500 Casualties  ? 12,000 ? (mass civilian casualties) The Van Resistance or Van Rebellion was a reaction of the Armenian population in the city of Van to the measures taken by its governor--Jevdet Bey. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (127th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Background by April 1915, the Armenians had already donated their grains, their food, their warehouse supplies, money and men to the Ottoman war effort. ... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom... Defenders of Van in front of ARF flag Armenian militia (Armenian irregular units, or Armenian Cethes, Armenian: ), better known by Armenians as Fedayee is a term referring to Armenian guerrillas who voluntarily leave their families in order to fight for Armenians. ... Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the system of autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal Provisional Government (Duma), resulting in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire, First Republic of Armenia Commanders Enver Pasha, Vehip Pasha, Kerim Pasha, Mustafa Kemal Nikolai Yudenich The Caucasus Campaign was fought from 1914 until 1918 in the Caucasus during World War I between the Russian Empire a member of the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire... Combatants Ottoman Empire Germany Armenian militia of ARF Commanders Megerdich Yotneghpayrian Casualties  ?  ? The Armenian resistance in Urfa during the Armenian genocide took place as a reaction to Turkish actions. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Look up July in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Results

Armenian resistance saved thousands of Armenians.

Art & Culture

Armenian resistance has left a symbolic dish. The "harissa" was associated with the Armenian resistance. It is generally served to commorate the Musa dagh resistance. Current practice renamed the dish as "hreesi". A can of harissa This article is about the Tunisian sauce; for the Armenian dish, see Harissa (dish). ...

Footnotes

See also

• Armenian Genocide
• Armenian Rebellions