Armenians in Turkish national movement

Armenians in Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Ermenileri; Armenian: Թրքահայեր, Պոլսահայեր, the latter meaning Istanbul-Armenian) have an estimated population of 40,000 (1995) to 70,000.^[1] Most are concentrated in and around İstanbul. The Armenians support their own newspapers and schools. They belong to the Armenian Apostolic faith and though they are Turkish citizens, they are solely identified as Armenians rather than Turks by the Turkish society and Turkish state, as part of Treaty of Lausanne. Discrimination by the Turkish state in all levels, verbal and sometimes physical attacks as well as Armenia's war with Turkic Azerbaijan, combined with the jingoistic support of Azerbaijan in the Turkish media during the Nagorno-Karabakh War, has raised apprehensions among the Armenian minority about their future status in Turkey.^{[citation needed]} The assassination of the Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink has caused a deep trauma and fear^{[citation needed]} among the Armenian minority. During the Ottoman Empire just like the Greeks and Jews, they were bankers and merchants with extensive international contacts. Armenian citizens of Turkey today are outnumbered by illegal Armenian immigrants from Armenia itself. Image File history File links Circle-question-red. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Turkish National Movement is the political and military activities of Turkish revolutionaries aftermath of the World War I that resulted in decleration of the Republic of Turkey. ... The location of Istanbul Province Maiden Tower and Historical Peninsula of Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul) (the former Constantinople, Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes called the Armenian Orthodox Church is one of the original churches, having separated from the then-still-united Roman Catholic/Byzantine Orthodox church in 506, after the Council of Chalcedon (see Oriental Orthodoxy). ... Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty that settle a part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire that reflected the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Turkish national movement, (Grand National Assembly... Combatants Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh1 Republic of Armenia 2 CIS mercenaries Republic of Azerbaijan Afghan Mujahideen 3 Chechen Volunteers 4 CIS mercenaries Commanders Samvel Babayan, Hemayag Haroyan, Monte Melkonian, Vazgen Sargsyan, Arkady Ter-Tatevosyan Ä°sgandar Hamidov, Suret Huseynov, Rahim Gaziev, Shamil Basayev Casualties 6,000 dead, 25,000 wounded 17... Hrant Dink (Armenian: , IPA: [][1]) (September 15, 1954 – January 19, 2007) was a Turkish-Armenian editor, journalist and column writer. ...

History

Main article: Armenians in the Ottoman Empire

The Armenians living in Turkey are a remnant of a once-larger community. Before World War I, some 1.5 million Armenians lived in eastern Anatolia. Starting in the late nineteenth century, intergroup tensions prompted the emigration of possibly as many as 100,000 Armenians in the 1890s and a number more were killed due to the Hamidian massacres. In 1915, during World War I the Ottoman government ordered all Armenians deported from eastern Anatolia; at least 1 million of the Armenians, who numbered up to 2 million, died during a forced march southward beginning in the spring of 1915. Armenians and most historians contend — and Turkey denies — that the catastrophe that befell their community was the result of atrocities committed by Ottoman government directives, and that it constituted a genocide of the Armenian population. It has been suggested that Ottoman Armenian be merged into this article or section. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Contemporary political cartoon portraying Hamid as a butcher of the Armenians During the long reign of Sultan Hamid, unrest and rebellion occurred in many areas of the Ottoman Empire. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish (official); spoken languages include Abkhazian, Adyghe, Albanian, Arabic, Aramaic, Armenian, Azerbaijani... Armenian Genocide photo. ...

Population

See also: Demographics of Turkey

The number of people of Armenian ethnic origins currently living in Turkey may be actually more than the official numbers given, which comprise Armenians as per the definition of a Christian minority (ekalliyet). Following the tragic events of 1915-17, some Armenian children became orphans. Many of the Armenian orphans were adopted by local Muslim families, who changed their names and converted them to Islam. While Western Christian missionaries and surviving Armenians started to search for and claim back these Armenian orphans after World War I, only a small percentage were found and reunited, while many others continued to live as Muslims. Additionally, some of the Armenian families had converted to Islam in order to escape the genocide. Therefore, there are a number of people of Armenian origin in Turkey today who are not aware of their ancestors and also a number of "secret" Armenians, called Crypto-Christians.^[2] In the 1960s, some of these families converted back to Christianity and changed their names. As of 2005, the population of Turkey stood at 72. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Crypto-Christianity commonly refers to the secret practice of the Christian religion, usually while attempting to camouflage it as another faith or observing the rituals of another religion publically. ...

Approximately 40,000 Armenians (citizens of the Republic of Armenia) came to Turkey to look for a job illegally in the last few years.^[3]

Culture

Religion

Christmas Date, Etiquette and Customs

Armenians celebrate Christmas at a date later than most of the Christians, on 6th of January rather than 25th of December. The reason for this is historical; according to Armenians, Christians once celebrated Christmas on 6th of January, until the 4th century. The 25th of December was originally a pagan holiday that celebrated the birth of the sun. Many members of the church continued to celebrate both holidays, and the Roman church changed the date of Christmas to be the 25th of December and declared January 6th to be the date when the three wise men visited the baby Jesus. As the Armenian Apostolic Church had already separated from the Roman church at that time, the date of Christmas remained unchanged for Armenians. On January 6th, the following greetings are traditionally appropriate: Krisdos Dzınav yev haydnetsav! (Christ is born and revealed) and Orhnyal e Dzınuntı yev Haydnutyunı Krisdosi! (Blessed be Christ's birth and revelation).^[4] Christmas is an annual holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... Pagan may refer to: A believer in Paganism or Neopaganism Bagan, a city in Myanmar also known as Pagan Pagan (album), the 6th album by Celtic metal band Cruachan Pagan Island, of the Northern Mariana Islands Pagan Lorn, a metal band from Luxembourg, Europe (1994-1998) Pagans Mind, is... The Three Wise Men are given the names Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar in this late 6th century mosaic from the Basilica of St Apollinarius in Ravenna, Italy. ... Official standard of Karekin II Catholicos of Armenia The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Õ€Õ¡Õµ Ô±Õ¼Õ¡Ö„Õ¥Õ¬Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Եկեղեցի), sometimes called the Armenian Orthodox Church or the Gregorian Church, is the worlds oldest national church and one of the most ancient Christian communities. ...

The Armenians in Turkey refer to Christmas as Surp Dzınunt (Holy Birth) and have fifty days of preparation called Hisnag before Christmas. The first, fourth and seventh weeks of Hisnag are periods of vegetarian fast for church members and every Saturday at sunset a new purple candle is lit with prayers and hymns.

New Year's Eve which falls within Hisnag is spent with families. Armenians go to church to give thanks for the year past and in the evening, family members and friends come together for the evening meal. Poor, lonely, orphaned people are not forgotten and are invited to dinner. Since it is a period of fast, sea-food and vegetables are served, with topik and dried nuts always present. On New Year's Eve, around midnight, all lights are turned off and the Lord's Prayer is said at midnight. After the prayer, all lights in the house are turned on, and families greet one another, gifts are given to children and anuşabur is served. On New Year's day, Armenians in Istanbul often burst a pomegranate, a symbol of plenty, in the shop entrances, or put a pomegranate on their desks. At least one ayazma is visited. Binomial name Punica granatum L. The Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 5–8 m tall. ...

On Christmas Eve, on 5th of January, seven purple candles are lit together and after attending church on sunset, families get together for the Christmas dinner which, like on New Year's Eve, is mostly sea-food based. On Christmas day, on 6th of January, churchgoers attend Christmas mass between 10:00 and 12:00. In the Kumkapi district of Istanbul, the Patriarch presides over a religious parade starting at 10:00 AM from the Patriarchal Headquarters to the Surp Asdvadzadzin Patriarchal Church. In the afternoon, an open-house celebration is held at the Patriarchate. On the second day of Christmas, on 7th of January, families visit graves of relatives and say prayers.^[5] Kumkapi (in Turkish Phonetics Kumkapı) is part of the Eminönü district of Istanbul. ... His Beatitude Archbishop Mesrob II Mutafian, aka Mesrop Mutafyan, (June 16, 1956, Istanbul, Turkey) is the 84th Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople under the authority of the Catholicos of Armenia and of all Armenians. ... The head of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Turkey and Crete is the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople. ...

List of Armenian schools in Istanbul

Schools are kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12), kindergarten through 8th grade (K-8) or 9th grade through 12th (9-12).

• Aramyan-Uncuyan Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Bezciyan Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Bomonti Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8)
• Dadyan Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Esayan Ermeni Lisesi (K-12) Web Site
• Getronagan Ermeni Lisesi (9-12) Web Site
• Kalfayan Cemaran Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Karagözyan Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Kocamustafapasa Anarat Higutyun Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8)
• Levon Vartuhyan Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Merametciyan Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Nersesyan-Yermonyan Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8)
• Pangalti Anarat Higutyun Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8)
• Pangalti Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu ve Lisesi (K-12) Web Site
• Sahakyan-Nunyan Ermeni Lisesi (K-12) Web Site
• Surp Haç Ermeni Lisesi (9-12)
• Tarkmanças Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site
• Yesilköy Ermeni Ilkögretim Okulu (K-8) Web Site

List of notable Turkish-Armenians in the republican period

The late journalist Hrant Dink was one of the most famous Turkish Armenians.

• Agop Dilaçar - linguist and first Secretary General of the Turkish Language Association
• Agop Vartovyan
• Ara Güler
• Prof. Ardeş Panosyan
• Artin Penik
• Arto Tunçboyacıyan
• Cenk Taskan
• Garbis Zakaryan (nickname:iron fist)
• Garo Mafyan
• Hayko Cepkin
• Hrant Dink
• Karin Karakaşlı
• Kenan Pars (Kirkor Cezveciyan)
• Levon Panos Dabağyan
• Matild Manukyan
• Nubar Terziyan
• Onno Tunç
• Pars Tuğlacı
• Rober Hatemo
• Sami Hazinses
• Silviya N. Bursalıoğlu
• Toto Karaca
• Turgut Özatay
• Vahi Öz

Image File history File links Hrant_Dink. ... Image File history File links Hrant_Dink. ... Hrant Dink (Armenian: , IPA: [][1]) (September 15, 1954 – January 19, 2007) was a Turkish-Armenian editor, journalist and column writer. ... Agop Martayan Dilaçar (May 22, 1895 – September 12, 1979) was an Armenian linguist specialized in Turkic languages and the first Secretary General and head specialist of the Turkish Language Association. ... Logo of the Turkish Language Association The Turkish Language Association (Turkish: Türk Dil Kurumu - TDK) is the official regulatory body of the Turkish language, founded on July 12, 1932 and headquartered in Ankara, Turkey. ... Ara Güler (born August 16, 1928,Istanbul Turkey) is a Turkish photojournalist and photographer of Armenian descent, nicknamed the Eye of Istanbul or the Photographer of Istanbul. // Early life Güler was born into a family of Armenian ethnicity. ... Artin Penik (1921 – August 15, 1982) was a Turkish-Armenian who set himself on fire in protest of the terrorist attacks in Esenboğa International Airport by the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA, also known as Third October) on August 10, 1982. ... Arto Tunçboyacıyan (born 1957 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a multi-instrumentalist avant-garde folk artist who appeared on more than 200 records in Europe before arriving in the United States, where he went to work with numerous jazz legends including Chet Baker, Al Di Meola, and Joe Zawinul... Hrant Dink (Armenian: , IPA: [][1]) (September 15, 1954 – January 19, 2007) was a Turkish-Armenian editor, journalist and column writer. ... Matild Manukyan (1914 - February 17, 2001) was a wealthy Turkish woman of Armenian descent who made her fortune as a brothel owner in Istanbul before entering the real property business. ... Onno Tunçboyacıyan (Shortly Onno Tunç), born 1948 in İstanbul was a Turkish pop musician of Armenian descent. ...

See also

• Armenian-Turkish relations
• Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
• Varlık Vergisi
• Hamshenis
• Vakıflı

There are currently no formal diplomatic relations between Armenia and Turkey. ... It has been suggested that Ottoman Armenian be merged into this article or section. ... Literally a capital tax, the Varlık Vergisi was a one-off wealth tax imposed on wealthier citizens in Turkey in 1942. ... The Hamshenis (also known as Hemshinlis or Khemshils; Համշինի in Armenian; Hemşinli in Turkish; Амшенцы in Russian) are an ethnic group of Armenian origin that inhabit the Black Sea coastal areas of Turkey, Russia, and Georgia (Abkhazia). ... Vakıflı Köyü (Armenian: - Vakif) is the only ethnic Armenian village in Turkey. ...

Notes

2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notes and references

• This article contains some text originally adapted from the public domain Library of Congress Country Study for Turkey at http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/trtoc.html.

The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (USA), freely available for use by researchers. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Armenians in Turkey TodayPDF (348 KiB) - Dr. Tessa Hofmann
• Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople Bulletin
• Organization of Istanbul Armenians of Los Angeles
• Patriotism versus Patria by Vartan Harutiunyan