Later romantic portrait of Arnulf.

Arnulf^[1] (850 – December 8, 899) was the Carolingian King of East Francia^[2] from 887 and Holy Roman Emperor from 896 to his death. He was the illegitimate son of Carloman, King of Bavaria, and his concubine, Liutswind,^[3] of Carantanian (Slovenian) origin, daughter of one Count Ernst. He was given the Duchy of Carinthia (a Frankish vassal state and successor of the ancient Principality of Karantania) by his father when he divided his realm, giving Bavaria to Louis the Younger and the Kingdom of Italy to Charles the Fat, in 880 on his death. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Events April 20 - Guntherus becomes Bishop of Cologne. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Edward the Elder becomes King of England. ... Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ... The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... Events Emperor Uda ascends to the throne of Japan Births Deaths September 18 - Pietro I Candiano, Doge of Venice (killed in battle) Emperor Koko of Japan Categories: 887 ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Carloman (830-880) was a member of the Eastern Frankish Carolingian ruling house. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Carinthia, today state arms The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: KoroÅ¡ka) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. ... Karantania (also Carantania, Carentania, in old Slovenian onomastics Korotan, or Karantanija) was a Slavic principality that emerged in the 7th century and was centered on the territory of contemporary Carinthia. ... The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German:  ), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... For the King of France known as Louis the Younger, see Louis VII of France. ... The medieval Kingdom of Italy was a state originally comprising the northern two thirds of Italy, which formed from the break-up of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century. ... Romantic portrait of Charles. ... For other uses, see number 880. ...

He spent his childhood in Karantania, homeland of his mother. Carloman had a court there, in Moosburg (then Blatograd), where the young Arnulf grew up. From later events it is evident that the Karantanians (mostly Slovenians), from an early time, treated him as their own Duke. Moosburg-an-der-Isar in Bavaria is the oldest town between south of the Danube river and north of Italy, with a population of 18,000 inhabitants. ...

When, in 882, Engelschalk II rebelled against the margrave of Austria, Aribo, and ignited the so-called Wilhelminer War, Arnulf supported him and even accepted his and his brother's homage. This ruined Arnulf's relationship with his uncle the emperor and put him at war with Svatopluk of Moravia. Pannonia was invaded, but Arnulf refused to give up the young Wilhelminers. Arnulf did not make peace with Svatopluk until late 885, by which time the Moravian was a man of the emperor. Some scholars see this war as destroying Arnulf's hopes at succeeded Charles. Events Carloman, King of the West Franks becomes sole king upon the death of his brother. ... Engelschalk II was the margrave (comes terminalis, frontier count) of the Marcha Orientalis, sometimes Ostmark (Eastern March) or Awarenmark (Avar March), in the late ninth century in opposition to Aribo. ... This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. ... Aribo (876-909) was the last Margrave of the Carolingian March on the Danube, mostly in what is today Lower Austria. ... Wilhelminer War was a minor war fought in the Marcha Orientalis (later Austria) from 882 to 884. ... A medieval representation of King Svätopluk Svatopluk (-modern Czech name; modern Slovak name: Svätopluk; Old Slavic Свѧтопълкъ; reconstructed name: Sventopluk; some names in Latin texts: Suentopolcus, Zventopluk, Suatopluk, Zwentibald) (around 830 - 894) from the House of Mojmír was the prince of the Principality of Nitra (850s - 871) and... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ...

He took the leading role in the deposition of his uncle, the Emperor Charles the Fat. With the support of the nobles, Arnulf held a diet and deposed Charles in November 887, under threat of military action. Charles peacefully went into his involuntary retirement, but not without first chastising his nephew for his treachery and asking only for a few royal villas in Swabia, which Arnulf mercifully granted him, on which to live out his final months. Arnulf was elected by the nobles of the realm (only the eastern realm, though Charles had ruled the whole of the Frankish lands) and assumed his title of King. The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Romantic portrait of Charles. ... Germany. ...

Arnulf was not a negotiator, but a fighter. At the decisive Battle of Leuven in September 891, he defeated an invading force of the Northmen, or Vikings, essentially ending their invasions on that front. The Annales Fuldenses report that the bodies of dead Northmen blocked the run of the river. After his victory, Arnulf built a new castle on an island in the Dijle river.^[4] The Battle of Leuven was fought in 891 between the Franks and the Vikings. ... Events October 6 - Election of Pope Formosus Arnulf of Carinthia defeats the Normans at the Battle of Leuven Births Abd ar-Rahman III, emir and first caliph of Córdoba. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... The Annales Fuldenses or Annals of Fulda is a medieval chronicle compiled at the Abbey of Fulda. ... Pierrefonds Castle, France Castle has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning. ... Dijle (Dutch, in French: Dyle) is a river in central Belgium. ...

In 893 or 894, Great Moravia probably lost a part of its territory — present-day Western Hungary — to him. Arnulf, however, failed to conquer the whole of Great Moravia when he attempted it in 892, 893, and 899. In 895, Bohemia broke away from Great Moravia and became his vassal. An accord was made between him and the Bohemian Duke Borivoj I (reigned 870-895); Bohemia was thus freed from the dangers of invasion. Events Simeon I succeeds Vladimir as king of Bulgaria. ... Births Deaths Events Northumbrians and East Angles swear allegiance to Alfred the Great. ... Great Moravia was a Slavic empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Events Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia,is deposed by the German Carolingian king Arnulf of Carinthia Arnulf of Carinthia invades Great Moravia Duke Guido of Spoleto crowned Roman Emperor in April The former Silla general Gyeonhwon attacks the city of Gwangju and declares himself king. ... Events Simeon I succeeds Vladimir as king of Bulgaria. ... Events Edward the Elder becomes King of England. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... The Lands of the Bohemian Crown (Czech Země koruny české, Latin Corona regni Bohemiae) (e. ... Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia (852/853 - 888/889) The head of the Premyslid Czechs who dominated the environs of Prague, Borivoj in c. ... Events February 28 - End of the Fourth Council of Constantinople. ... Events Bohemia breaks away from Great Moravia Arnulf of Carinthia undertakes his second Italian campaign Approximate date of composition of the Musica enchiriadis, the beginnings of western polyphonic music Births Athelstan of England Erik Bloodaxe, king of Norway 933-935 (+954) Deaths Categories: 895 ...

In 893, Pope Formosus, not trusting the newly crowned co-emperors Guy and Lambert, sent an embassy to Regensburg to request Arnulf come and liberate Italy, where he would be crowned in Rome. Arnulf sent his son Zwentibold with a Bavarian army to join Berengar of Friuli. They defeated Guy, but were bought off and left in autumn. Arnulf then personally led an army across the Alps early in 894. He conquered all of the territory north of the Po, but went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn. Lambert and his mother Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial succession, but Formosus, still desiring to crown Arnulf, was imprisoned in Castel Sant'Angelo. Events Simeon I succeeds Vladimir as king of Bulgaria. ... Jean-Paul Laurens, Le Pape Formose et Etienne VII (1870). ... Guy III (d. ... Lambert of Spoleto (?–October 15, 898) was a Duke of Spoleto (as Lambert II, 894–898), King of Italy (892–898) and Emperor (894-898). ... Regensburg (also Ratisbon, Latin Ratisbona) is a city (population 129,175 in 2005) in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Zwentibold (870 – August 13, 900) was the illegimate son of the Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. ... Berengar of Friuli (? - 16 April 924) was a Margrave of Friuli, King of Italy (from 888 on) and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 915 on. ... The west face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ... Births Deaths Events Northumbrians and East Angles swear allegiance to Alfred the Great. ... PO may stand for: Pareto optimality Parole Officer Per os, Latin for by mouth or orally Perfect Orange a third wave ska based in Knoxville, TN from 2002-2005 Petty Officer, a Non-Commissioned Officer Rank in many Navies Pilkington Optronics, now Thales Optronics Pilot Officer, a junior commissioned rank... Ageltrude (also spelled Agiltrude, died 27 August 923) was the Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Italy as wife and mother respectively of Guy (reigned 891 – 894) and Lambert (reigned 894 – 898). ... Castel SantAngelo from the bridge. ...

In September 895, a new embassy arrived in Regensburg beseeching Arnulf's aid. In October, Arnulf undertook his second campaign into Italy. He crossed the Alps quickly and took Pavia, but then he continued slowly, garnering support among the nobility of Tuscany. First Maginulf, Count of Milan, and then Walfred, Count of Pavia, joined him. Eventually even the Margrave Adalbert II abandoned Lambert. Finding Rome locked against him and held by Ageltrude, he had to take the city by force on 21 February 896, freeing the pope. Arnulf was there crowned King and Emperor by Formosus on 22 February. He only retained power in Italy as long as he was personally there. Arnulf marched on Spoleto, where Ageltrude had fled to join Lambert, but he suffered a stroke and had to call of the campaign. That same year, Formosus died, leaving Lambert once again in power. Rumours of the time made Arnulf's condition to be a result of poisoning at the hand of Ageltrude. He returned to Germany and had no more control in Italy for the rest of his life. Events Bohemia breaks away from Great Moravia Arnulf of Carinthia undertakes his second Italian campaign Approximate date of composition of the Musica enchiriadis, the beginnings of western polyphonic music Births Athelstan of England Erik Bloodaxe, king of Norway 933-935 (+954) Deaths Categories: 895 ... Church San Michele in Pavia The Old Bridge (Ponte Vecchio) on the Ticino river is a symbol of Pavia Pavìa (the ancient Ticinum) (population 71,000) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its... Tuscany (Italian: )is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ... Adalbert II (c. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events The Bulgarians, under Simeon I, defeat the Byzantine Empire at Bulgarophygon. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Spoleto (Latin: Spoletium), 42°44′ N 12°44′ E, an ancient town in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria, at 385 meters (1391 ft) above sea-level on a foothill of the Apennines. ...

On Arnulf's death in 899, he was succeeded as a king of the East Franks by his son by his wife Ota († 903), Louis the Child. Arnulf's illegitimate son Zwentibold, whom he had made King of Lotharingia in 895, continued to rule there until the next year (900). Events Edward the Elder becomes King of England. ... Ota, also called Oda or Uta (born c. ... The last true Carolingian ruler of East Francia, Louis the Child (893–20 or 24 September 911) was the only legitimate son of the Emperor Arnulf and his wife, Ota, a member of the Conradine Dynasty. ... Zwentibold (870 – August 13, 900) was the illegimate son of the Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. ... The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions. ... Persian sfuckentist, Rhazes, distinguished smallpox from measles in the course of his writings. ...

Notes

1. ^ Usually referred to as Arnulf of Carinthia; German Arnulf von Kärnten, Slovenian Arnulf Koroški.
2. ^ East Francia had been split from the rest of Frankish Realm by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. It evolved into Germany after the Carolingian eclipse.
3. ^ Also Litwinde or Litwindie
4. ^ Latin Luvanium, local Lovon.