In Panamanian history, the dominant parties have been the PRD and the Panameñista (former ArnulfistaParty).
These parties were founded by very charismatic and strong political enemies, Omar Torrijos (PRD) - the father of the current president, Martin Torrijos Espino - and Arnulfo Arias (Panameñista/Arnulfista) - husband of the previous president, Mireya Moscoso -.
However, the country's socialist/worker parties are not popular as in Venezuela, Cuba and Bolivia.
Civic Renewal Party (Partido Renovacion Civilista) was a political party in Panama, founded by a group of professionals who had played key roles in the Cruzada Civilista (Civic Crusade) that opposed General Manuel Antonio Noriega's military dictatorship during 1987-1989.
In 1994, it backed then-Comptroller General Ruben Dario Carles as part of the "Cambio '94" ("Change '94") coalition and in 1999, it supported banker and former ArnulfistaParty member Alberto Vallarino Clement, as a part of the "Accion Opositora" ("Opposing Action") alliance.
Although the party elected three legislators to the unicameral Legislative Assembly in 1994, in the 1999 election it failed to garner enough votes to survive and, pursuant to Panamanian Electoral Laws, was dissolved thereafter.
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