Arowana
Silver arowana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Osteoglossiformes Family: Osteoglossidae
Genera
Subfamily Heterotidinae  Arapaima  Heterotis Subfamily Osteoglossinae  Osteoglossum  Scleropages Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2108x1308, 946 KB) Image of Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, taken by User:Qwertzy2. ... Binomial name Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier (ex Vandelli), 1829 The silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) is a freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae, commonly kept in aquaria. ... Species Osteoglossum bicirrhosum - silver arowana Osteoglossum ferreirai - black arowana Arowanas (genus Osteoglossum) are a group of fish in the family Osteoglossidae. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Animalia redirects here. ... Typical Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Orders See text The Actinopterygii are the ray-finned fish. ... Families Heterotididae Pantopontidae (butterflyfishes) Singidididae (extinct) Osteoglossidae ( arowana) Ostariostomidae (extinct) Notopteridae (featherfin knifes) Gymnarchidae Mormyridae (elephantfishes) Osteoglossiformes (Lat. ... Sub-families Heterotidinae Osteoglossinae Arowana are freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae, sometimes known as Bony tongues. Classification They are primitive throwbacks from the lower Tertiary and are placed in the actinopterygiid order Osteoglossiformes. ... Binomial name Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829) Arapaima showing its full length. ... Binomial name Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) The African Arowana (Heterotis niloticus) is one of seven members of the arowana family that is rarely imported for the home aquarist. ... Species Osteoglossum bicirrhosum - silver arowana Osteoglossum ferreirai - black arowana Arowanas (genus Osteoglossum) are a group of fish in the family Osteoglossidae. ... Sceleropages is a genus of freshwater fishes found in South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. ...

Arowanas, also known as aruanas or arawanas are freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae, sometimes known as "bony tongues." In this family of fishes, the head is bony and the elongate body is covered by large, heavy scales, with a mosaic pattern of canals. The dorsal and the anal fins have soft rays and are long based, while the pectoral and ventral fins are small. The name 'bony tongues' is derived from a toothed bone on the floor of the mouth, the 'tongue', equipped with teeth that bite against teeth on the roof of the mouth. The fish can obtain oxygen from air by sucking it into the swim bladder, which is lined with capillaries like lung tissue. The arapaima is an "obligatory air breather".^[1] For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... Subclasses Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Osteichthyes are the bony fish, a group paraphyletic to the land vertebrates, which are sometimes included. ... The gas bladder of a Rudd The gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy, and thus to stay at the current water depth, ascend, or descend without having to... Respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... Binomial name Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829) Arapaima showing its full length. ...

Classification and zoogeography

Osteoglossids are basal (primitive) fish from the lower Tertiary and are placed in the actinopterygiid order Osteoglossiformes. There are ten described living species: three from South America, one from Africa, four from Asia, and the remaining two from Australia. Occurring in or characteristic of an early stage of development or evolution. ... For other uses, see Tertiary (disambiguation). ... Orders See text The Actinopterygii are the ray-finned fish. ... Families Heterotididae Pantopontidae (butterflyfishes) Singidididae (extinct) Osteoglossidae ( arowana) Ostariostomidae (extinct) Notopteridae (featherfin knifes) Gymnarchidae Mormyridae (elephantfishes) Osteoglossiformes (Lat. ... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

Osteoglossidae is the only exclusively freshwater fish family found on both sides of the Wallace Line.^[2] This may be explained by the fact that Asian arowanas (S. formosus) diverged from the Australian Scleropages, S. jardinii and S. leichardti, about 140 million years ago, making it likely that Asian arowanas were carried to Asia on the Indian subcontinent.^[3][4] Wallaces line between Australasian and Southeast Asian fauna. ... Species The name Asian Arowana refers to several species of freshwater bony fish in the genus Scleropages, all of which are native to Southeast Asia. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ...

Behavior

Osteoglossids are carnivorous, often being specialized surface feeders. They are excellent jumpers; it has been reported that Osteoglossum species have been seen leaping more than 6 feet (almost 2 metres) from the water surface to pick off insects and birds from overhanging branches in South America, hence the nickname "water monkeys". Arowanas have been rumored to capture prey as large as low flying bats and small birds. All species are large, and the arapaima is a contender for the world's largest freshwater fish title. Arowana typically grow around 3 to 4 feet, but this is only accountable in captivity. This tigers sharp teeth and strong jaws are the classical physical traits expected from carnivorous mammalian predators A carnivore (IPA: ), meaning meat eater (Latin carne meaning flesh and vorare meaning to devour), is an animal that eats a diet consisting mainly of meat, whether it comes from live animals... Binomial name Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829) Arapaima showing its full length. ...

Several species of osteoglossid exhibit extensive parental care. They build nests and protect the young after they hatch. Some species are mouth brooders, the parents holding sometimes hundreds of eggs in their mouths. The young may make several tentative trips outside the parent's mouth to investigate the surroundings before leaving permanently. A female Cyphotilapia frontosa mouthbrooding fry which can be seen looking out her mouth Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. ...

In the aquarium

Arowanas tend to merge in groups of 5 to 8; any fewer may show an excess of dominance and aggression. Keep this fish in a minimum of about 750 litres (200 gal.) with good filtration. This fish should not be purchased by an amateur fish hobbyist. Some compatible fish to partner with this fish are clown knifes,pacu,oscars,plecos,jaguar cichlids,green terrors,gar, and any other semi-aggressive fish that cannot fit in the arowana's mouth. The litre or liter (U.S. spelling, see spelling differences) is a unit of volume. ... The gallon (abbreviation: gal) is a unit of volume. ...

Folklore

This storefront in the International District of Seattle, Washington, is an example of the depiction of arowanas in folk art.

For the Chinese and those of related cultures, the dragon is a symbol of good luck and prosperity. In the eyes of the Chinese, the dragon fish has the appearance and majesty of the Chinese Dragon, especially the large scales and barbels. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ... The International District of Seattle, Washington (also known as Chinatown) has been called the only place in the continental United States where Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans, Filipino Americans, Vietnamese Americans, Korean Americans, Laotian Americans, Cambodian Americans, and other Asian Americans live in one neighborhood. ... Nickname: The Emerald City Location of Seattle in King County and Washington Coordinates: Country United States State Washington County King County Incorporated December 2 1869 Government  - Mayor Greg Nickels (NP) Area  - City  142. ... Official language(s) English Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area  Ranked 18th  - Total 71,342 sq mi (184,827 km²)  - Width 240 miles (385 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 6. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Chinese dragon (spelled Long, Loong or Lung in transliteration), is a mythical Chinese creature that also appears in other East Asian cultures, and is also sometimes called the Oriental (or Eastern) dragon. ... This koi carp has two pairs of barbels, the second pair being quite small. ...

Arowanas are also used for feng shui to bring good luck and wealth. Fēng Shuǐ (風水 – literally, wind and water pronounced fung shuway), which may be more than 3000 years old, is the ancient practice of placement to achieve harmony with the environment. ...

Species

The family contains two subfamilies, Heterotidinae and Osteoglossinae, with all but two of the ten extant species being members of the latter. Species are given with one or more prominent common names. ...

• Subfamily Heterotidinae
  • Genus Arapaima
    • Arapaima or pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829)
  • Genus Heterotis
    • African arowana, Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829)
• Subfamily Osteoglossinae
  • Genus Osteoglossum (Cuvier, 1829)
    • Silver arowana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829)
    • Black arowana, Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966
  • Genus Scleropages
    • Red-tailed golden arowana Scleropages aureus ^† (Pouyad, Sudarto & Teugels, 2003)
    • Green arowana or Gold crossback arowana, Scleropages formosus ^† (Schlegel & Müller, 1844)
    • Gulf saratoga, red saratoga or northern spotted barramundi, Scleropages jardinii ^‡ (Saville-Kent, 1892)
    • Red arowana, super red arowana, or chili red arowana, Scleropages legendrei ^† (Pouyad, Sudarto & Teugels, 2003)
    • Saratoga, silver saratoga or spotted barramundi, Scleropages leichardti ^‡ Günther, 1864
    • Silver Asian arowana, Scleropages macrocephalus ^† (Pouyad, Sudarto & Teugels, 2003)

^†This species is one of several known also as the Asian arowana or Asian bonytongue.
^‡This species is one of two sometimes called the Australian arowana or Australian bonytongue. Sub-families Heterotidinae Osteoglossinae Arowana are freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae, sometimes known as Bony tongues. Classification They are primitive throwbacks from the lower Tertiary and are placed in the actinopterygiid order Osteoglossiformes. ... Binomial name Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829) Arapaima showing its full length. ... Binomial name Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829) Arapaima showing its full length. ... Binomial name Arapaima gigas , The Arapaima gigas is the worlds largest freshwater fish. ... Binomial name Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) The African arowana (Heterotis niloticus) is one of seven members of the arowana family that is rarely imported for the home aquarist. ... Heterotis niloticus is rarely imported for the home aquarist. ... Species Osteoglossum bicirrhosum - silver arowana Osteoglossum ferreirai - black arowana Arowanas (genus Osteoglossum) are a group of fish in the family Osteoglossidae. ... Binomial name Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier (ex Vandelli), 1829 The silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) is a freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae, commonly kept in aquaria. ... Species Osteoglossum bicirrhosum - silver arowana Osteoglossum ferreirai - black arowana Arowanas (genus Osteoglossum) are a group of fish in the family Osteoglossidae. ... Binomial name Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 The black arowana, Osteoglossum ferreirai, is a freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae, commonly kept in aquaria. ... Binomial name Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 The black arowana (Osteoglossum ferreirai) is a freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae, commonly kept in aquaria. ... Sceleropages is a genus of freshwater fishes found in South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. ... Binomial name Scleropages formosus Müller and Schlegel, 1844 Asian arowana refers to several varieties of freshwater fish in the genus Scleropages. ... Binomial name Scleropages formosus Müller and Schlegel, 1844 Asian arowana refers to several varieties of freshwater fish in the genus Scleropages. ... Binomial name Scleropages formosus Müller and Schlegel, 1844 Asian arowana refers to several varieties of freshwater fish in the genus Scleropages. ... Binomial name Schleropages formosus ( Schlegel & Müller ), 1844 The Asian Bonytongue or Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus) is a species of freshwater fish from Southeast Asia commonly known as the Dragon Fish by fish enthusiasts (though this name is also used of many other unrelated species of fish). ... Binomial name Scleropages jardinii (Saville-Kent, 1892) The gulf saratoga, Sceleropages jardinii, is a freshwater bony fish native to Australia, one of two species of fishes sometimes known as Australian arowanas, the other being the saratoga (). It has numerous other common names, including northern saratoga, Australian bonytongue, toga and barramundi. ... Binomial name Scleropages jardinii (Saville-Kent, 1892) Sceleropages jardinii is a freshwater bony fish native to Australia, one of two species of fishes known as Australian Arowanas, the other being S. leichardti. ... Binomial name Scleropages formosus Müller and Schlegel, 1844 Asian arowana refers to several varieties of freshwater fish in the genus Scleropages. ... Binomial name Scleropages formosus Müller and Schlegel, 1844 Asian arowana refers to several varieties of freshwater fish in the genus Scleropages. ... Binomial name Scleropages leichardti (Gunther, A., 1864) The saratoga, Scleropages leichardti, also known as the spotted bonytongue, spotted saratoga, or southern saratoga, is a freshwater bony fish native to Australia. ... Binomial name Scleropages leichardti (Gunther, A., 1864) Scleropages leichardti is a freshwater bony fish native to Australia. ... Binomial name Scleropages formosus Müller and Schlegel, 1844 Asian arowana refers to several varieties of freshwater fish in the genus Scleropages. ... Binomial name Scleropages formosus Müller and Schlegel, 1844 Asian arowana refers to several varieties of freshwater fish in the genus Scleropages. ... Species The name Asian Arowana refers to several species of freshwater bony fish in the genus Scleropages, all of which are native to Southeast Asia. ...

A genetic study shows that the lineage leading to the arapaima and African arowana diverged about 220 million years ago, during the Late Triassic; the lineage leading to the silver and black arowanas of South America diverged about 170 million years ago, during the Middle Jurassic. The lineage leading to the Australian arowanas diverged from that leading to the Asian arowanas about 140 million years ago, during the Early Cretaceous.^[5] The Late Triassic (also known as Upper Triassic, or Keuper) is the third and final of three epochs of the Triassic period. ... The Middle Jurassic, called the Dogger in the European system of classification, is the second epoch of the Jurassic period. ... The Early Cretaceous (timestratigraphic name) or the Lower Cretaceous (logstratigraphic name), is the earlier of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous period. ...

Fossil record

At least five fish paleospecies, known only from fossils, are classified as Osteoglossids; these date back at least as far as the Late Cretaceous. Other fossils from as far back as the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous are widely considered to belong to the arowana superorder Osteoglossomorpha. Osteoglossomorph fossils have been found on all continents except Antarctica.^[6] The term paleospecies refers to hypothetical species which are currently extinct. ... Geography of the US in the late Cretaceous Late Cretaceous (also called the Upper Cretaceous) refers to the second half of the Cretaceous period, named after the famous white chalk cliffs of southern England, which date from this time. ... Upper Jurassic (also known as Malm) was an epoch of the Jurassic geologic period. ... The Early Cretaceous (timestratigraphic name) or the Lower Cretaceous (logstratigraphic name), is the earlier of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous period. ... Orders Osteoglossiformes Hiodontiformes Osteoglossomorpha is a group of Teleostei fishes that contains: Osteoglossiformes Notopteroidei Hiodontoidea Mormyroidea Notopteroidea Osteoglossoidei Osteoglossidae Pantodontidae Categories: | ...

Genus Brychaetus

Brychaetus muelleri (Agassiz, 1845) is known from the Late Cretaceous to the Paleocene. Its fossils have been found in Europe, North America, and northern Africa. This freshwater fish had very long, blunt teeth. Platops and Pomphractus are synonyms.^[7] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Geography of the US in the late Cretaceous Late Cretaceous (also called the Upper Cretaceous) refers to the second half of the Cretaceous period, named after the famous white chalk cliffs of southern England, which date from this time. ... The Paleocene, early dawn of the recent, is a geologic epoch that lasted from 65. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

Genus Joffrichthys

This North American genus includes two species, J. symmetropterus and J. triangulpterus. The latter species is known from the Paleocene of the Sentinel Butte Formation of North Dakota, U.S.A.^[8] World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... The Paleocene, early dawn of the recent, is a geologic epoch that lasted from 65. ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...

Genus '

This genus includes at least two species, P. testis (Leidy, 1873) and P. encaustus. Representatives have been found from the middle Eocene to the Oligocene of Australia and North America, including the Green River Formation in Wyoming, U.S.A.^[7] Joseph Leidy (1823–1891) was an American paleontologist. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... hfajhfiudshfas == == == --24. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... The Green River Formation is an Eocene geologic formation that records the sedimentation in a series of intermontane lakes. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...

P. testis was a freshwater fish with an oval outline, a small head, and a slightly pointed snout. Its dorsal and anal fins were situated posteriorly, with the anal fin being larger. Its caudal fin was slightly forked. It had small pelvic fins but long, narrow pectorals. It is synonymous with Dapedoglossus.^[7]

References in popular culture

• In the video game Animal Crossing, an arowana is a rare and valuable fish.
• In the video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the arowana is one of the more common fish found in the game.
• In the boxing manga and anime Fighting Spirit, the character Tatsuya Kimura keeps an arowana as a pet. The fish's jumping behavior inspires him to develop a new boxing technique.

Animal Crossing may refer to the following: Animal Crossing (series), the list of Animal Crossing games and their common characteristics. ... Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (commonly abbreviated MGS3) is a stealth-based game directed by Hideo Kojima, developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. ... Fighting Spirit ) is a boxing anime and manga series created by Jyoji George Morikawa (森川 ジョージ Morikawa Jōji) which is serialized by Kodansha in Weekly Shonen Magazine. ...

References

• Lim, Eugene (2006). Arowana / Arawana (article). Aquarium Lore. Retrieved on April 20, 2006.

1. ^ Berra, Tim M. (2001). Freshwater Fish Distribution. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-093156-7
2. ^ Ismail, Mohd Zakaria (1989). "Systematics, Zoogeography, and Conservation of the Freshwater Fishes of Peninsular Malaysia" (doctoral dissertation). Colorado State University.
3. ^ Kumazawa, Yoshinori; Nishida, Mutsumi (2000). "Molecular Phylogeny of Osteoglossoids: A New Model for Gondwanian Origin and Plate Tectonic Transportation of the Asian Arowana". Molecular Biology and Evolution 17 (12). Retrieved on 2006-07-12. 
4. ^ Kumazawa, Yoshinori (2003). "The reason the freshwater fish arowana live across the sea". Quarterly Journal Biohistory (Winter). Retrieved on 2006-07-02. 
5. ^ Kumazawa, Yoshinori (2003). "The reason the freshwater fish arowana live across the sea". Quarterly Journal Biohistory (Winter). Retrieved on 2006-07-02. 
6. ^ Guo-Qing, Li; Wilson, Mark V. H. (1998). Osteoglossomorpha (article). Tree of Life. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Frickhinger, Karl Albert (1995). Fossil Atlas: Fishes, Trans. Dr. R.P.S. Jefferies, Blacksburg, Virginia: Tetra Press. 
8. ^ Newbreya, M. G.; Bozekb, M. A. (2000). "A New Species of Joffrichthys (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the Sentinel Butte Formation, (Paleocene) of North Dakota, USA.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 (1): 12-20. Retrieved on April 14, 2006. 

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ...

External links

• Fishbase article
• Pictures of different types of arowanas