The Ars Goetia (Greek, probably: "The Art of Witchcraft"), often simply called the Goetia, is the first section of the 17th century grimoire Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis, or The Lesser Key of Solomon. Much of the text appeared earlier, with some material dating to the 14th century or earlier. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... This article is on medieval books of magic; for information on the term grimoire as used in the Source Mage GNU/Linux operating system, see the Source Mage article. ... The Lesser Key of Solomon or Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis (the Clavicula Salomonis, or Key of Solomon is an earlier book on the subject), is an anonymous 17th century grimoire, and one of the most popular books of demonology. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

The circle and triangle, used in the evocation of the seventy-two spirits of the Goetia. The magickian would stand within the circle and the spirit was believed to appear within the triangle. Some believe that the central circle of the triangle was actually a magick mirror, similar to a crystal ball as used for scrying.

It contains descriptions of the seventy-two demons that King Solomon is said to have evoked and confined in a bronze vessel sealed by magic symbols, and that he obliged to work for him. It gives instructions on constructing a similar bronze vessel, and using the proper magic formulae to safely call up those demons. The operation given is complex, and includes much detail. The 'howling' of the title is believed to refer to the incantations made by the conjuror. The Ars Goetia differs from other goetic texts in that the entities summoned are to be compelled into obedience, rather than asked for favors. Full colour Goetic circle and triangle, provided by shahmai. ... A circle, in Euclidean geometry, is the set of all points at a fixed distance, called the radius, from a fixed point, the centre. ... A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a two-dimensional figure with three vertices and three sides which are straight line segments. ... Evocation is the magical art of calling forth of spirits to bring spiritual inspiration, do the bidding of the magician or provide information. ... Magic (also called magick to distinguish it from stage magic) is a supposed way of influencing the world through supernatural, mystical, or paranormal means. ... Magick is an alternative term for magic that was coined by Aleister Crowley to differentiate the true science of the Magi from all its counterfeits. In the broadest sense, magick is any act performed in order to cause intentional change -- for example, changing the channel on your television set. ... Crystal Ball is a compilation album by (formerly known as Prince), released in 1998. ... Scrying is the occult practice of using a medium, most commonly a reflective surface or translucent body, to aid perceived psychic abilities such as clairvoyance. ... St. ... It has been suggested that Sulayman be merged into this article or section. ... The ancient symbol of the pentagram is often used as a symbol for magic. ... St. ...

The Ars Goetia assigns a rank and a title of nobility to each member of the infernal hierarchy, and gives the demons' 'signs they have to pay allegiance to', or seals. The lists of entities in the Ars Goetia correspond (to high but varying degree, often according to edition) with those in the Steganographia of Trithemius, circa 1500, and Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum an appendix appearing in later editions of his De Praestigiis Daemonum, of 1563. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Diabolical signature. ... Polygraphia (1518) — the first printed book on cryptography. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Johann Weyer, aka Wier, Wierus, Piscinarius, first name also Johannes (born between February 24, 1515 and February 24, 1516 — died February 24, 1588) was a Dutch physician, occultist and demonologist, disciple and follower of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa. ... Pseudomonarchia Daemonum, first appears as an Appendix to Johann Weyers De praestigiis daemonum (1577). ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ...

A revised English edition of the Ars Goetia was published in 1904 by magician Aleister Crowley, and it serves as a key component of his popular and highly influential system of magick. It has since become a relatively well-known book of magic (arguably, the most popular of the grimoires) and has even been featured in places like the graphic novel Promethea by Alan Moore. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Aleister Crowley Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley (12 October 1875 - 1 December 1947) was an occultist, mystic, sexual revolutionary, and drug user (especially morphine). ... Magick is an alternative term for magic that was coined by Aleister Crowley to differentiate the true science of the Magi from all its counterfeits. In the broadest sense, magick is any act performed in order to cause intentional change -- for example, changing the channel on your television set. ... Promethea is a comic book series created by Alan Moore and J.H. Williams III with Mick Gray, published by Americas Best Comics/Wildstorm. ... Alan Moore Alan Moore (born November 18, 1953, in Northampton, England) is a British writer most famous for his work in comics, including the acclaimed graphic novels Watchmen, V for Vendetta and From Hell. ...

The demons' names (given below) are spelled differently in different extant copies of the Ars Goetia, as is common in texts of the period. Other spellings of the names are given in the articles concerning them.

1. King Baal, ruler over 66 legions
2. Duke Agares, ruler over 31 legions
3. Prince Vassago, ruler over 26 legions
4. Marquis Samigina, ruler over 30 legions
5. President Marbas, ruler over 36 legions
6. Duke Valefor, ruler over 10 legions
7. Marquis Amon, ruler over 40 legions
8. Duke Barbatos, ruler over 30 legions
9. King Paimon, ruler over 200 legions
10. President Buer, ruler over 50 legions
11. Duke Gusion, ruler over 40 legions
12. Prince Sitri, ruler over 60 legions
13. King Beleth, ruler over 85 legions
14. Marquis Leraje, ruler over 30 legions
15. Duke Eligos, ruler over 60 legions
16. Duke Zepar, ruler over 26 legions
17. Count/President Botis, ruler over 60 legions
18. Duke Bathin, ruler over 30 legions
19. Duke Sallos, ruler over 30 legions
20. King Purson, ruler over 22 legions
21. Count/President Marax, ruler over 30 legions
22. Count Ipos, ruler over 36 legions
23. Duke Aim, ruler over 26 legions
24. Marquis Naberius, ruler over 19 legions
25. Count/President Glasya-Labolas, ruler over 36 legions
26. Duke Bune, ruler over 30 legions
27. Marquis/Count Ronove, ruler over 19 legions
28. Duke Berith, ruler over 26 legions
29. Duke Astaroth, ruler over 40 legions
30. Marquis Forneus, ruler over 29 legions
31. President Foras, ruler over 29 legions
32. King Asmodeus, ruler over 72 legions
33. Prince/President Gaap, ruler over 66 legions
34. Count Furfur, ruler over 26 legions
35. Marquis Marchosias, ruler over 30 legions
36. Prince Stolas, ruler over 26 legions
37. Marquis Phenex, ruler over 20 legions
38. Count Halphas, ruler over 26 legions
39. President Malphas, ruler over 40 legions
40. Count Raum, ruler over 30 legions
41. Duke Focalor, ruler over 30 legions
42. Duke Vepar, ruler over 29 legions
43. Marquis Sabnock, ruler over 50 legions
44. Marquis Shax, ruler over 30 legions
45. King/Count Vine, ruler over 36 legions
46. Count Bifrons, ruler over 60 legions
47. Duke Uvall, ruler over 37 legions
48. President Haagenti, ruler over 33 legions
49. Duke Crocell, ruler over 48 legions
50. Knight Furcas, ruler over 20 legions
51. King Balam, ruler over 40 legions
52. Duke Alloces, ruler over 36 legions
53. President Caim, ruler over 30 legions
54. Duke/Count Murmur, ruler over 30 legions
55. Prince Orobas, ruler over 20 legions
56. Duke Gremory, ruler over 26 legions
57. President Ose, ruler over 30 legions
58. President Amy, ruler over 36 legions
59. Marquis Orias, ruler over 30 legions
60. Duke Vapula, ruler over 36 legions
61. King/President Zagan, ruler over 33 legions
62. President Volac, ruler over 38 legions
63. Marquis Andras, ruler over 30 legions
64. Duke Haures, ruler over 36 legions
65. Marquis Andrealphus, ruler over 30 legions
66. Marquis Cimejes, ruler over 20 legions
67. Duke Amdusias, ruler over 29 legions
68. King Belial, ruler over 80 legions
69. Marquis Decarabia, ruler over 30 legions
70. Prince Seere, ruler over 26 legions
71. Duke Dantalion, ruler over 36 legions
72. Count Andromalius, ruler over 36 legions

The Dictionnaire Infernal illustration of Baal. ... In demonology, according to some authors, Agares (or Agaures) is a Prince, ruling the eastern zone of Hell, and being served by 30 legions of demons. ... In demonology Vassago is a mighty Prince of Hell, ruling over twenty-six legions of demons. ... In demonology Samigina is a Great Marquis of Hell. ... In demonology Barbas is a Great President of Hell and governs thirty-six legions of demons. ... In demonology Valefar is a Duke of Hell. ... In demonology, Amon is a Marquis of Hell. ... In demonology Barbatos was a demon of little importance, one of Astaroths assistants. ... ... In demonology, Buer is a Great President of Hell, having fifty legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Gusion is a strong Great Duke of Hell, and rules over forty (forty-five according to other authors) legions of demons. ... In demonology Sitri is a Great Prince of Hell, and reigns over sixty legions of demons. ... According to most authors on demonology and the most known grimoires, Beleth is a mighty and terrible king of Hell, who has eighty_five legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Leraje is a mighty Great Marquis of Hell, who has thirty legions of demons under his power. ... In demonology Eligos is a Great Duke of Hell, ruling sixty legions of demons. ... In demonology Zepar is a Great Duke of Hell, who tries to seduce women, and if requested by them, he can change his shape into that of their beloved man, but makes them sterile. ... In demonology Botis is a Great President and Earl of Hell, commanding sixty legions of demons. ... In demonology Bathin is a Duke (Great Duke according to Pseudomonarchia Daemonum) of Hell, who has under his command thirty legions of demons. ... In demonology Saleos is a mighty Great Duke (a Great Earl to Johann Weyer) of Hell, ruling thirty legions of demons (Weyer does not mention anything concerning legions under his command). ... In demonology Purson is a Great King of Hell, being served and obeyed by twenty-two legions of demons. ... In demonology Morax is a Great Earl and President of Hell, having thirty-six (thirty-two other authors) legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Ipos is an Earl and powerful Prince of Hell (a Duke to some authors) who has thirty-six legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Aim (aka Aym or Haborym) is a Great Duke of Hell, very strong, and rules over twenty-six legions of demons. ... In demonology, Naberius is the most valiant Marquis of Hell, and has nineteen legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Glasya-Labolas is a mighty President (and Earl to other authors) of Hell who commands thirty-six legions of demons. ... In demonology Bune is a Great Duke of Hell, mighty and strong, who has thirty legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Ronove is a Marquis and Great Earl of Hell, commanding nineteen legions of demons. ... In demonology Berith is a Great Duke of Hell, powerful and terrible, and has twenty-six legions of demons under his command. ... -1... In demonology Forneus is a Great Marquis of Hell, and has twenty-nine legions of demons under his rule. ... In demonology Foras is a powerful Great President of Hell, being obeyed by twenty-nine legions of demons. ... Although Asmodai is mostly known thanks to the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, he is also mentioned in some Talmudic legends and in demonology. ... GAAP is an acronym for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. ... Image of Furfur from Collin de Plancys Dictionnaire Infernal In demonology, Furfur (other spelling: Furtur) is a powerful Great Earl of Hell, being the ruler of twenty-six legions of demons. ... In demonology Marchosias is powerful Great Marquis of Hell, commanding thirty legions of demons. ... In demonology Stolas is a Great Prince of Hell, commands twenty-six legions of demons (twenty-five to other authors), and teaches astronomy and the knowledge of poisonous plants, herbs and precious stones. ... In demonology Phenex is a Great Marquis of Hell and has twenty legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Malthus is an Earl of Hell, commanding 26 legions of demons, who is said to have a rough voice when speaking. ... In demonology Malphas is a mighty Great President (a Prince to some authors) of Hell, having forty legions of demons under his command. ... Raum the Old. ... In demonology, Focalor is a powerful Great Duke of Hell, commanding three legions of demons (thirty legions to other authors). ... In demonology Vepar is a strong Great Duke of Hell, and rules twenty-nine legions of demons. ... In demonology Sabnock is a mighty Great Marquis of Hell, who has fifty legions of demons under his command. ... For the Somali board game, see Shax (board game) In demonology, Shax (also spelled Chax, Shan, Shass, Shaz, and Scox) is a Great Marquis (and a Duke to some authors) of Hell, and has power over thirty legions of demons. ... In demonology Vine is an Earl and also a King of Hell, commanding 36 legions of demons. ... In demonology Bifrons was a demon, Earl of Hell, with six legions of demons (twenty_six for other authors) under his command. ... In demonology Vual is a mighty Great Duke of Hell, commanding thirty-seven legions of demons. ... In demonology Haagenti is a Great President of Hell, ruling thirty-three legions of demons. ... In demonology Procell is a strong Great Duke of Hell that has under his command forty-eight legions of demons. ... In demonology Furcas is a Knight of Hell, and rules twenty legions of demons. ... In demonology Balam is a great and powerful King (to some authors a Duke) of Hell, a terrible one, commanding over forty legions of demons. ... Alocer is a powerful demon, according to Wierius, Grand Duke of Hades. ... Caim is simply and merely a Gaelic rendering of biblical Cain, who appears in a variation of the fantastical pedigree of Dardanus that is spun out in Lebor Bretnach, the Irish recension of the compilation called Historia Brittonum (known in the 9th century version by Nennius). ... This article is about the Murmur in demonology, for alternate meanings see Murmur. ... In demonology Orobas is a powerful Great Prince of Hell, having twenty legions of demons under his power. ... In demonology Gremory is a strong Duke of Hell that governs twenty-six legions of demons. ... In demonology Ose is a Great President of Hell, ruling three legions of demons (thirty to other authors, and Pseudomonarchia Daemonum gives no number of legions). ... In demonology Amy is a Great President of Hell, who has thirty-six legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Orias is a Great Marquis of Hell, and has thirty legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology, Vapula is a powerful Great Duke of Hell that commands thirty-six legions of demons. ... In demonology Zagan is a Great King and President of Hell, commanding over thirty-three legions of demons. ... In demonology Valac is a mighty Great President of Hell, having thirty (thirty-eight to other authors) legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Andras is a Great Marquis (a Prince to other authors) of Hell, having under his command thirty legions of demons. ... In demonology Flauros is a strong Great Duke of Hell, having thirty-six (twenty according to Pseudomonarchia Daemonum) legions of demons under his rule. ... In demonology Andrealphus is a Great Marquis of Hell, who has under his rule thirty legions of demons. ... Kimaris, also known by the alternate names Cimeies, Cimejes and Cimeries, is most widely known as the 66th demon of the third part of the Lemegeton (popularly known as the Ars Goetia). ... from Collin de Plancys Dictionnaire Infernal In demonology Amdusias (also Amduscias or Amdukias) has under his control twenty-nine legions. ... A woodcarving of Belial and some of his followers from Jacobus de Teramos book Buche Belial (1473) Belial (also Belhor, Baalial, Beliar, Beliall, Beliel; from Hebrew Bliyaal בליעל; meaning without worth) is the name for a demon in the Old Testament. ... In demonology, Decarabia (also called Carabia) is a demon and, according to The Lesser Key of Solomon, a Great Marquis of Hell, although he has no title in the hellish hierarchy given by Pseudomonarchia Daemonum. ... In demonology Seire is a Prince of Hell, who has 26 legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Dantalion is a powerful Great Duke of Hell, and has thirty-six legions of demons under his command. ... In demonology Andromalius is a mighty Great Earl of Hell, having thirty-six legions of demons at his service. ...

References in Modern Culture

In the video game Shadow Hearts: Covenant, the Key of Solomon is an item that appears as a map onto which demon Crests can be placed. The Crests are each representitive of demon spirits, including a name and a description of each. The name of each demon coincides with one of the 72 demons listed in the Ars Goetia. The Key of Solomon is a grimoire or book on magic attributed to King Solomon (as several others were). ...

Using the descriptions of each demon given on the Crests, they could be placed in their appropriate locations on the Key. Once this was completed and a variety of trials (called Solomon's Trials were overcome, King Solomon himself could be fought and defeated in order to recieve the final Crest: the Melt Crest. It is unclear if the Melt crest or Solomon's assistant Sarah (the administrater and adjudicator of the trials) are based on any historically similar texts to the Ars Geotia.

External Links

• Gamefaqs' Shadow Hearts: Covenant Guides