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See also Artist collective

An art colony or artists' colony is a place where arts practitioners, usually visual artists and craftspeople, live and interact with one another. While it was far from common, some of these groups did create a distinctive style. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Shortcut: WP:WIN Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia and, as a means to that end, also an online community. ... Shortcut: WP:CU Marking articles for cleanup This page is undergoing a transition to an easier-to-maintain format. ... This Manual of Style has the simple purpose of making things easy to read by following a consistent format — it is a style guide. ... -1...

General interest in art colonies is keen, although the movement has only started to be investigated by scholars, with the chief historical studies consisting of Michael Jacobs’s introductory The Good and Simple Life ^[1] and Nina Lübbren’s remarkable history Artists’ Colonies in Europe 1870-1910.^[2]

Artist houses in Montsalvat near Melbourne, Australia.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1632 × 1224 pixel, file size: 896 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photograph taken by Nick Carson in 2005. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1632 × 1224 pixel, file size: 896 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photograph taken by Nick Carson in 2005. ... Montsalvat is an artists colony in Eltham, Victoria, also used for conferences, seminars and receptions. ... The City of Melbournes coat of arms The central business district of Melbourne, viewed from the north Alternate meanings: Melbourne (disambiguation) Melbourne is the capital and largest city of the state of Victoria, and the second largest city in Australia, with a population of 52,117 in the Central...

Formative Period in Europe

Art colonies initially emerged in the early 19th century, and peaked during the period 1870-1910. Nina Lübbren, the foremost authority on art colonies, estimates that between 1830 and 1914 some 3000 professional artists participated in a mass movement away from urban centres into the countryside, residing for varying lengths of time in over 80 art colonies. There seem to have been three chief forms of these settlements, consisting of

• villages with transient and annually fluctuating populations of artists—mostly painters who visited for just a single summer season (such as Honfleur, Giverny, Katwijk, Frauenchiemsee, Volendam and Willingshausen)
• villages with a semi-permanent mix of visiting and resident artists (Ahrenshoop, Barbizon, Concarneau, Dachau, St Ives, Laren, and Skagen)
• villages in which a largely stable group of artists decided to settle permanently (Egmond, Sint-Martens-Latem, Newlyn and Worpswede)

In the latter villages, artists invariably bought or built their own houses and studios.

There is no simple explanation for the spread of art colonies, although it is clearly linked with a growing nostalgia for the countryside as urbanisation and industrialisation accelerated. It was not just that the artists were themselves taking a break from big city life. There was a strong economic incentive for artists to take up temporary or permanent settlement in a village. The mid 19th century saw a market for rural paintings emerge and rapidly expand, a market which appears to have favoured pictures encapsulating the escapist daydreams of an urban middleclass audience—to borrow a phrase from the political scientist Klaus Bergmann, there was an appetite for art that might be best described as ‘agrarian romanticism’. Nostalgia was the rule, with the most successful artists repeatedly portraying in their work forms of rural life that were authentic, pre-modern, idyllic and connected with the rhythms of nature (values attested by Paul Gauguin's comment in an 1888 letter from Pont-Aven, 'J'aime la Bretagne: j'y trouve le sauvage, le primitif.' – I love Brittany: I find there the savage, the primitive). In this sense paintings of peasants were evidently more about urban painters’ reacting against the racing modernisation of contemporary life, than about daily existence in the countryside. As late as 1914, when such customs had all but disappeared, painters were still depicting country communities as largely comprised of pre-industrial peasants in traditional folk dress. Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. ...

Significantly, the residents of art colonies resolutely adhered to bourgeois morés. At a time when urban artists were evolving customs of behaviour and professional practice that we now identify as modernist, those in art colonies affected only mild bohemian mannerisms, and they thoroughly recoiled from avant-garde postures. There were concessions to bohemian styles of dress—straw hats, velvet coats, clogs and long hair were common—but that is about all. The confrontational, alienated, down-with-convention behaviour of resolute vanguardists was to be an urban cultural phenomenon, and had no real place in rural villages. Art colonies were also not as easily susceptible to fashion, although it is not strictly true that they discouraged stylistic innovators. Art colonies were pluralist and tolerant in outlook, and it was common to find some resident artists practicing modes of painting that were decades old. Nevertheless art colonies were the driving force behind plein-airism through the early to mid 19th century, initially developing approaches to painting outdoors that were subsequently popularised by the Impressionists. The term bohemian was first used in the nineteenth century to describe the non-traditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished artists, writers, musicians, and actors in major European cities. ... The Loves of Zero 35 mm film by Robert Florey 1927 Avant-garde in French means front guard, advance guard, or vanguard. ... Plein air is French for outdoors or outside, open air and is a term applied to painting outside, transfer to a picture of all riches of changes of the color caused by influence of a sunlight and the surrounding atmosphere. ... This article is about the art movement. ...

While artist colonies appeared right across Europe, as well as in America and Australia, Lübbren has found that the majority of colonies were clustered in the Netherlands, Central Germany, and France (encircling Paris). Overall artists of 35 different nationalities were represented throughout these colonies, with Americans, Germans and British forming the largest participating groups. This gave socialising a cosmopolitan flavour: 'Russia, Sweden, England, Austria, Germany, France, Australia and the United States were represented at our table, all as one large family, and striving towards the same goal,' the painter Annie Goater penned in 1885 in an essay on her recent experiences at one French colony. Villages can also be classified according to the nationalities they attracted. Barbizon, Pont-Aven, Giverny, Katwijk, Newlyn and Dachau drew artists from around the world and had a pronounced international flavour. Americans were always a major presence at Rijsoord, Egmond, Grèz-sur-Loing, Laren and St Ives; Grèz-sur-Loing went through a Scandinavian phase in the 1880s; and Germans were the largest group after the indigenous Dutch at Katwijk. On the other hand foreigners were rare at Sint-Martens-Latem, Tervuren, Nagybanya, Kronberg, Skagen, Staithes, Worpswede and Willingshausen. Sint-Martens-Latem is a municipality located in the Flemish province of East Flanders, in Belgium. ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province Flemish Brabant Arrondissement Leuven Coordinates , , Area 32. ... County Status County capital Mayor Cristian Anghel, National Liberal Party, since 2000 Area 233. ... There are communes and places that have the name Kronberg: In Switzerland Kronberg im Alpstein, a mountain with its elevation at 1,662 m or 1,663 m. ... The sand-engulfed Buried Church (tilsandede kirke) at Skagen. ... Staithes is a village in North Yorkshire, in the district of Scarborough. ... Worpsweder Käseglocke, built in 1926 Worpswede is a municipality in the district of Osterholz in Lower Saxony, Germany, northeast of Bremen in the Teufelsmoor (devils bog). ... Willingshausen is a community in the Schwalm-Eder in Hesse, Germany. ...

Some painters were renouned within artistic circles for settling down permanently in a single village, most notably Jean-François Millet at Barbizon, Robert Wylie at Pont-Aven, Otto Modersohn at Worpswede, Heinrich Otto at Willinghausen, and Claude Monet at Giverny. They were not necessarily leaders, although these artists were respected and held a certain moral authority in their respective colonies. There were also regular 'colony hoppers' who moved about the art colonies of Europe in a nomadic fashion. Max Liebermann, for instance, painted at Barbizon, Dachau, Etzenhausen and at least six short-lived Dutch colonies; Frederick Waugh worked in Barbizon, Concarneau, Grèz-sur-Loing, St Ives and Provincetown in the United States; Evert Pieters was active at Barbizon, Egmond, Katwijk, Laren, Blaricum, Volendam and Oosterbeek; Elizabeth Armstrong Forbes painted at Pont-Aven, Zandvoort, Newlyn and St Ives. Jean-François Millet (October 4, 1814 – January 20, 1875) was a French painter and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. ... Robert Wylie (1839 - February 4, 1877), American artist, was born in the Isle of Man. ... Claude Monet also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (November 14, 1840 – December 5, 1926)[1] was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movements philosophy of expressing ones perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein... Max Liebermann in 1904 Max Liebermann (July 20, 1847 in Berlin - February 8, 1935) was a German painter. ... Frederick Judd Waugh (1861–1940), American artist noted for his marine studies. ...

The greater number of early European art colonies were to be casualties of the First World War. Europe was no longer the same place socially, politically, economically and culturally, and art colonies seemed a quaint anachronism in an abrasively modernist world. However, a small proportion did endure in one or another form, and owe their continuing existence to cultural tourism. The colonies of Ahrenshoop, Barbizon, Fischerhude, Katwijk, Laren, Sint-Martens-Latem, Skagen, Volendam, Willingshausen and Worpswede not only still operate in a modest fashion, but run their own museums where, besides maintaining historic collections of work produced at the colony, they organise exhibition and lecture programs. If they have not fared as well, several formerly major colonies such as Concarneau and Newlyn are remembered via small yet significant collections of pictures held in regional museums. Other colonies succumbed during the late 20th century to cultural entrepreneurs who have redeveloped villages in the effort to simulate, within certain kitsch parameters, the 'authentic' appearance of the colony during its artistic heyday. This is not always successful, with Giverny, Grèz-sur-Loing, Kronberg, Le Pouldu, Pont-Aven, Schwaan and Tervuren probably being among the most insensitively commercialised of the former art colonies.

American Colonies

Some art colonies are organized and planned, while others arise because some artists like to congregate, finding fellowship and inspiration -- and constructive competition -- in the company of other artists.

The MacDowell Colony in Peterborough, N.H. is generally considered to be the first planned American art colony. Edward MacDowell, a composer, and his wife, Marian, created it in 1907. MacDowell was inspired by his knowledge of the American Academy in Rome, which was founded in 1894 to give American artists a home while they studied Rome's classical traditions. The MacDowell Colony is an art colony in Peterborough, New Hampshire, Founded in 1907 by Marian MacDowell, wife of composer Edward MacDowell, largely with donated funds. ...

MacDowell, who was a trustee of the American Academy, believed that a rural setting, free from distractions, would prove to be creatively valuable to artists. He also believed that discussions among working artists, architects and composers would enrich their work.

Another famous colony, Yaddo in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., soon followed. Spencer Trask and his wife Katrina Trask conceived the idea of Yaddo in 1900, but the first artists did not arrive until 1926. Yaddo was founded as a nonprofit organization in 1900 by the financier Spencer Trask and his wife Katrina, herself a poet, Nichols Trask, and philanthropist George Foster Peabody. ... Mr. ... Katrina Trask (30 May 1853 – 8 January 1922) was an author and philanthropist. ...

The Taos art colony in Taos, New Mexico is an example of more spontaneous development. Once artists began settling and working in Taos, others came, art galleries and museums were opened and the area became an artistic center -- though not a formal, funded art colony providing artists with aid, as Yaddo and MacDowell do. The Taos Art Colony is an art colony which began in 1898 with the visit of Bert G. Phillips and Ernest L. Blumenschein to Taos, New Mexico. ... Taos (IPA: ) is a city in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico. ... The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. ...

One of the largest and most youthful international art colonies in the world today is located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint, Bed-Stuy, and Bushwick. ...

An influential art colony in New York was the Roycroft community. This article is about the state. ... Roycroft was a reformist community of craft workers and artists which formed part of the Arts and Crafts movement in the USA. Elbert Hubbard founded the community in 1895 in the village of East Aurora, Erie County, New York, near Buffalo. ...

Jerome, Arizona is a town of 400 people that was once a thriving copper mining town of 15,000. When the mines closed, Jerome became a ghost town in the 1950's. In the 60's. hippies discovered Jerome and settled there atop the Mingus Mountains, with a sweeping view of Sedona and the Verde Valley. Today, much of the population is working artists, writers,and musicians with a very eclectic mix of art galleries and working studios, open to the public.

Other notable art colonies

• Abramtsevo, Russia
• Ahrenshoop, Germany
• Argenteuil, France
• Ascona, Switzerland
• Åsgårdstrand, Norway
• Auvers-sur-Oise, France
• Barbizon, France
• Brandywine School, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, USA
• Brown County Art Colony, Brown County, Indiana
• Byrdcliffe Colony, Woodstock, New York
• Carl Street Studios, Old Town, Chicago, USA
• Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire
• Cornish, New Hampshire
• Cos Cob, Connecticut
• Dachau, Germany
• Ditchling in Sussex
• Domburg, Netherlands
• East Aurora, New York, USA, Roycroft campus
• Fundación Valparaíso, Spain
• Giverny, France
• Gloucester, Massachusetts
• Grand Marais, Minnesota
• Grez-sur-Loing, France
• Isles of Shoals, Maine
• Instituto Sacatar, Salvador, Brazil
• Jerome, Arizona
• Katwijk, Netherlands
• Kronberg, Germany
• Lyme, Connecticut
• Grand Marais, Minnesota
• Marlboro Music, Vermont
• Montsalvat, Melbourne
• Nespelem (art)
• New Hope, Pennsylvania
• Nida, Lithuania (also known as Nidden)
• Ogunquit, Maine
• Oosterbeek, Netherlands
• Palenville, New York (America's First Spontaneous Art Colony)
• Peredelkino, Russia
• Pont-Aven / Le-Pouldu, France
• Provincetown, Massachusetts
• Richmond Group, Richmond, Indiana
• Rockport, Massachusetts
• St. Elmo's Village, Los Angeles
• St. Ives, Cornwall
• Santa Fe, New Mexico
• Schwaan, Germany
• Sint-Martens-Latem
• Silvermine, Connecticut
• Skagen, Denmark
• Skowhegan, Maine
• Talashkino, Russia
• Tervuren, Belgium
• Tree Studio Building and Annexes, Chicago, Illinois
• Ucross Foundation, Wyoming
• Woodstock, New York
• Worpswede, Germany
• Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, New York

Fairy-tale church in Abramtsevo is an architectural fantasy by Victor Vasnetsov and Vasily Polenov. ... Ahrenshoop is a municipality in the Nordvorpommern district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. ... Argenteuil is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. ... Ascona is a town of some 5,000 people in southern Switzerland, on the shore of Lake Maggiore in the canton of Ticino. ... Landeveien near Ã…sgÃ¥rdstrand painted by Hans Heyerdahl in 1890 Ã…sgÃ¥rdstrand is a town in Vestfold, Norway. ... Auvers-sur-Oise is a commune of the Val-dOise département, in France. ... Barbizon is a village near Fontainebleau Forest, France for which the Barbizon school of painters is named. ... The Brandywine School was a style of illustration and an artists colony in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, founded by artist Howard Pyle. ... Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania is a small township 30 miles southwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in Delaware County. ... The Brown County Art Colony is a artist colony formed in Nashville and Brown County, Indiana. ... Brown County is a county located in the state of Indiana. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Woodstock is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. ... Template:Format The Carl Street Studios is an enclave in Chicago’s Old Town neighborhood. ... Chicagos Old Town Old Town (sometimes called Old Town Triangle) is a neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois, bounded by Eugenie Street on the north, Division Street on the south, Halsted on the west, and Clark Street on the east. ... Chipping Campden is a Cotswold town in Gloucestershire, England, famous for its beautiful terraced High Street, dating from the 14th – 17th centuries. ... Gloucestershire (pronounced ; GLOSS-ter-sher) is a county in South West England. ... Cornish is a town located in Sullivan County, New Hampshire. ... Cos Cob is a neighborhood of Greenwich, Connecticut. ... Germany Bayern  - coordinates , ,  - elevation 505 m (1,657 ft) 40,496 () Peter Bürgel CET (UTC+1)  -  CEST (UTC+2) 85221 Dachau (lower right) in Bavaria : www. ... Ditchling is a village and civil parish in the Lewes District of East Sussex, England. ... Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... Domburg (population as of 2001: 1,360) is a seaside resort on the North Sea, on the north coast of Walcheren in the municipality of Veere. ... Position within Erie County. ... Roycroft was a reformist community of craft workers and artists which formed part of the Arts and Crafts movement in the USA. Elbert Hubbard founded the community in 1895 in the village of East Aurora, Erie County, New York, near Buffalo. ... Fundación Valparaíso is an international arts residency organization located on the Mediterranean coast of Andalucia, Spain, in the old Moorish hilltown of Mojacar. ... Giverny (IPA ) is a village and commune of the Eure département, in France. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A view of downtown Grand Marais, the harbor, and Lake Superior. ... Grez-sur-Loing is a village and commune of the Seine-et-Marne département, in France. ... Isles of Shoals The Isles of Shoals are a group of nine small islands situated approximately 16 km (10 miles) off the east coast of the USA, straddling the border of the states of New Hampshire and Maine. ... Instituto Sacatar is a non-profit arts foundation based in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, which sponsors artistic fellowships/residencies for creative individuals of all disciplines. ... Salvador and Baía de Todos os Santos from space, April 1997 Salvador (in full, São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, or in literal translation: Holy Savior of All Saints Bay) is a city on the northeast coast of Brazil and the capital of the northeastern... The high street of Jerome, Arizona A stream, stained turquoise-blue, emerges from a spoil pile of copper ore Jerome is a town in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. ... Katwijk Location Flag Country Netherlands Province South Holland Population 61. ... There are communes and places that have the name Kronberg: In Switzerland Kronberg im Alpstein, a mountain with its elevation at 1,662 m or 1,663 m. ... Lyme is a town located in New London County, Connecticut. ... A view of downtown Grand Marais, the harbor, and Lake Superior. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Montsalvat is an artists colony in Eltham, Victoria, also used for conferences, seminars and receptions. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... Nespelem art was both a movement and colony focused on Native Americans, located in the Nespelem River area of Washington State, home to the Colville Confederated Tribes. ... New Hope, formerly Coryells Ferry, is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, USA. The population was 2,252 at the 2000 census. ... Nida, the house of Thomas Mann Nida (German: Nidden, Russian: Нида) is a Lithuanian town, located on the Curonian Spit. ... Welcome to Ogunquit Ogunquit, pronounced o-GUHN-kwit, is a town in York County, Maine, United States. ... Renkum is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. ... Palenville is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Greene County, New York, USA. The population was 1,120 at the 2000 census. ... House-museum of Boris Pasternak in Peredelkino Peredelkino is a dacha complex situated just to the south-west of Moscow. ... Pont-Aven is a commune of the Finistère département, in Brittany, France. ... Nickname: Location in Barnstable County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Barnstable County Settled 1700 Incorporated 1727 Government  - Type Open town meeting  - Town    Manager Sharon Lynn Area  - Town  17. ... The Richmond Group also known as the Richmond School, is a group of Impressionist painters who worked in the Richmond, Indiana area from the late 19th Century through the mid-20th Century. ... Richmond (IPA: ) is a city in east central Indiana, which borders Ohio. ... Rockport is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, USA. The population was 7,767 at the 2000 census. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... St Ives harbour St Ives is a seaside town in Cornwall, England, north of Penzance, and west of Camborne. ... Nickname: Location in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Santa Fe Founded ca. ... Schwaan is a town in the district of Bad Doberan, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... Sint-Martens-Latem is a municipality located in the Flemish province of East Flanders, in Belgium. ... Silvermine is a neigborhood extending into three southwestern Connecticut municipalities -- Norwalk, New Canaan and Wilton. ... Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[3] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[2] Area  Ranked 48th  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... The sand-engulfed Buried Church (tilsandede kirke) at Skagen. ... Skowhegan is a town in Somerset County, Maine, in the United States. ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province Flemish Brabant Arrondissement Leuven Coordinates , , Area 32. ... The Tree Studio Building and Annexes was an artist colony established in Chicago, Illinois in 1894 by Judge Lambert Tree and his wife, Anne Tree. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... The Ucross Foundation is a non-profit organization located in Ucross, Wyoming, USA. The foundation operates both a 22,000 acre ecologically sensitive working ranch, as well as an international arts residency program for creative artists from around the world. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ... Woodstock is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. ... Worpsweder Käseglocke, built in 1926 Worpswede is a municipality in the district of Osterholz in Lower Saxony, Germany, northeast of Bremen in the Teufelsmoor (devils bog). ... Yaddo was founded as a nonprofit organization in 1900 by the financier Spencer Trask and his wife Katrina, herself a poet, Nichols Trask, and philanthropist George Foster Peabody. ... Saratoga Springs redirects here. ...

Notes

See also

• Artist collective
• Barbizon School
• Bohemianism
• SoHo

-1... The Gleaners. ... The term bohemian was first used in the nineteenth century to describe the non-traditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished artists, writers, musicians, and actors in major European cities. ... Cast-iron architecture in Greene Street SoHo is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. ...

External links

• ArtistCommunities.org Artist colonies in the US
• ResArtis.org International arts residencies and artist colonies
• artcornwall.org on-line journal including info on St Ives and Newlyn colonies