Geological strata giving rise to an Artesian well.

See Great Artesian Basin for the water source in Australia.

An artesian aquifer is a confined aquifer containing groundwater that will flow upwards out of a well without the need for pumping. Artesian Well diagram Drawing© Andrew Dunn, 10 June 2004. ... Artesian Well diagram Drawing© Andrew Dunn, 10 June 2004. ... Goldenville Strata exposed at a quarry in Bedford, Canada. ... The Great Artesian Basin provides the only reliable source of water through much of inland Australia and is the largest artesian basin in the world. ... An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. ... Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of geologic formations. ... Cable tool water well drilling rig in Kimball, West Virginia. ... An electrically driven pump (electropump) for waterworks near the Hengsteysee, Germany. ...

Why is a well artesian?

An artesian well.

In recharging aquifers, this happens because the water table at its recharge zone is at a higher elevation than the head of the well. Image File history File links Artesianwell. ... Image File history File links Artesianwell. ... Cross section showing the water table varying with surface topography as well as a perched water table The water table or phreatic surface is the surface where the water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... Cable tool water well drilling rig in Kimball, West Virginia. ...

Pascal's law predicts the theoretical hydrostatic pressure P: In the physical sciences, Pascals law or Pascals principle states that the fluid pressure at all points in a connected body of an incompressible fluid at rest, which are at the same absolute height, are the same, even if additional pressure is applied on the fluid at some... The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ... Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid due to its weight. ...

where ρ (rho) is the density of the fluid, g the acceleration due to gravity, and z is the elevation. In practical terms the pressure is expressed as metres water column (z_r − z_w). Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per volume. ... The nominal acceleration due to gravity at sea level on the Earths surface, also known as standard gravity, is defined as exactly 9. ... Acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity, and at any point on a velocity-time graph, it is given by the slope of the tangent to that point In physics or physical science, acceleration (symbol: a) is defined as the rate of change (or derivative with respect to... Gravity is a force of attraction that acts between bodies that have mass. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ...

"Fossil water" aquifers can also be artesian if they are under sufficient pressure from the surrounding rocks. This is similar to how many newly tapped oil wells are pressurized. Fossil water is groundwater having remained in an aquifer for thousands or more years. ... An oil well is a term for any perforation through the Earths surface designed to find and release both petroleum oil and gas hydrocarbons. ...

Origin

Artesian wells were named after the former province of Artois in France, where many artesian wells were drilled by Carthusian monks since 1126 ^[1] The technique was also known much earlier in Syria and Egypt^[2] , although whether the monks of Artois learned of it from outside sources, or discovered it independently, is unknown. Artois is a former province of northern France. ... A Carthusian Monastery in Jerez, Spain The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St. ... Events Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland. ...

See also

• Fluid mechanics
• Great Artesian Basin
• Hydrogeology
• Qanat

The hydrogeology is study about of water-bearing formation. ... The Great Artesian Basin provides the only reliable source of water through much of inland Australia and is the largest artesian basin in the world. ... Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of rocks) is the part of hydrology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earths crust (commonly in aquifers). ... A qanat (from Arabic: ‎) or kareez (from Persian: ‎) is a water management system used to provide a reliable supply of water to human settlements or for irrigation in hot, arid and semi-arid climates. ...

Notes

1. ^ Frances and Joseph Gies, Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel subtitled "Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages". Harper Perennial, 1995 ISBN 0-06-016590-1, page 112.
2. ^ For references on ancient uses, see: Michel Wuttmann, "The Qanats of 'Ayn-Manâwîr, Kharga Oasis, Egypt", in Jasr 2001, p. 1.
   and Discoveries in the Western Desert of Egypt