Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 65. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) is a detailed description of known diseases and injuries. ... The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) is a detailed description of known diseases and injuries. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... A joint (from French joint) (articulation) is the location at which two bones make contact (articulate). ...

There are many forms of arthritis, each of which has a different cause. Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are autoimmune diseases in which the body is attacking itself. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint that results in subsequent inflammation. Additionally, there is a less common form of gout that is caused by the formation of needle shaped crystals of calcium pyrosphate. This form of gout is known as pseudogout. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint disease and occurs following trauma to the joint, following an infection of the joint or simply as a result of aging. There is emerging evidence that abnormal anatomy may contribute to early development of osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is traditionally considered a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. ... Psoriatic arthritis (or Arthropathic psoriasis) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects around 20% of people suffering from the chronic skin condition Psoriasis. ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... Septic arthritis is the proliferation of bacteria in joints and resultant inflammation. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease due to an inborn uric acid metabolism. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, and sometimes referred to as arthrosis or osteoarthrosis or in more colloquial terms wear and tear), is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by wearing of the cartilage that covers and...

History and physical examination

All arthritides feature pain. Patterns of pain differ among the arthridities and the location. Osteoarthritis is classically worse at night or following rest. Rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in the morning and in the early stages, patients often do not have symptoms following their morning shower. In elderly people and children, pain may not be the main feature, and the patient simply moves less (elderly) or refuses to use the affected limb (children). Look up Pain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Elements of the history of the pain (onset, number of joints and which involved, duration, aggravating and relieving factors) all guide diagnosis. Physical examination typically confirms diagnosis. Radiographs are often used to follow progression or assess severity in a more quantitiative manner.

Blood tests and X-rays of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis. Blood tests are laboratory tests done on blood to gain an appreciation of disease states and the function of organs. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz...

Screening blood tests may be indicated if certain arthridities are suspected. This may include: rheumatoid factor, antinuclear factor (ANF), extractable nuclear antigen and specific antibodies. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is a blood test performed in patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ... Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are detected in a large group of autoimmune disorders. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

Types of arthritis

Primary forms of arthritis:

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Septic arthritis
• Gout and pseudogout
• Juvenile arthritis
• Still's disease
• Ankylosing spondylitis

Secondary to other diseases: Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, and sometimes referred to as arthrosis or osteoarthrosis or in more colloquial terms wear and tear), is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by wearing of the cartilage that covers and... Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is traditionally considered a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. ... Septic arthritis is the proliferation of bacteria in joints and resultant inflammation. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. ... Stills disease is a form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), characterized by high spiking fevers and transient rashes, named after the English physician Sir George F. Still (1861-1941). ...

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
• Hemochromatosis
• Hepatitis
• Wegener's granulomatosis (and many other vasculitis syndromes)
• Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), HIDS (hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome) and TRAPS (TNF-alpha receptor associated periodic fever syndrome).
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Including Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)

Diseases that can mimic arthritis include: In medicine (rheumatology and pediatrics) Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP, also known as allergic purpura) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by prominent tissue deposition of IgA-containing immune complexes, especially in the skin and kidney. ... Psoriatic arthritis (or Arthropathic psoriasis) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects around 20% of people suffering from the chronic skin condition Psoriasis. ... Reactive arthritis is a condition with symptoms similar to arthritis or rheumatism. ... Haemochromatosis, also spelled hemochromatosis, is a hereditary disease characterized by improper processing by the body of dietary iron which causes iron to accumulate in a number of body tissues, eventually causing organ dysfunction. ... Hepatitis is a gastroenterological disease, featuring inflammation of the liver. ... In medicine (rheumatology), Wegeners granulomatosis is a form of vasculitis that affects the lungs, kidneys and other organs. ... In medicine, vasculitis (plural: vasculitides) is a group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels. ... Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary inflammatory disorder that affects groups of patients originating from around the Mediterranean Sea (hence its name). ... Commonly abbreviated as HIDS, this syndrome was originally described in 1984 by the internist (now Professor) Jos van der Meer at Leiden University Medical Centre. ... TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (also known as TRAPS or familial Hibernian fever) is an autosomal dominant periodic fever syndrome that is caused by mutations in the receptor for the molecule tumor necrosis factor (TNF). ... In medicine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, cachexin or cachectin) is an important cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and the acute phase response. ... In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the large intestine and, in some cases, the small intestine. ... H&E section of non-caseating granuloma seen in the colon of someone affected by Crohns disease. ...

• Pierre Marie-Bamberger syndrome (hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, a paraneoplastic phenomenon of lung cancer)
• multiple myeloma
• osteoporosis

In common parlance, clubbing often refers to an activity wherein a group of people gather at a nightclub. ... A paraneoplastic phenomenon is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. ... Lung cancer is a cancer of the lungs characterized by the presence of malignant tumours. ... Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahlers disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of cancer of plasma cells, immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. ... Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. ...

Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis and include physical and occupational therapy, medications (symptomatic or targeted at the disease process causing the arthritis), and as a last resort, arthroplasty. Although prosthetic joint replacement is a treatment of last resort, it is generally very effective and more than 90% of patients are very satisfied. This article concerns the health profession. ... It has been suggested that Occupational therapist be merged into this article or section. ... Arthroplasty (literally formation of joint) is an operative procedure of orthopaedic surgery performed for replacing the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface with something better or remodeling or realigning the joint by osteotomy or some other procedures. ...

History

While evidence of primary ankle (kaki) osteoarthritis has been discovered in dinosaurs, the first known traces of human arthritis date back as far as 4500 BC. It was noted in skeletal remains of Native Americans found in Tennessee and parts of what is now Olathe, Kansas. Evidence of arthritis has been found throughout history, from Ötzi, a mummy (circa 3000 BC) found along the border of modern Italy and Austria, to the Egyptian mummies circa 2590 BC. Around 500 BC willow bark gained popularity when it was discovered to help relieve some of the aches and pains of arthritis. It wasn't until more than 2,000 years later, in the early 1820s, that European scientists began to scientifically study the chemical compound in willow bark that alleviated the arthritis symptoms. They discovered the compound was salicin. When they isolated salicin, however, they found it was very noxious to the stomach. Almost 80 years later, in 1897, an employee of Bayer Company -- then a dye production company -- named Felix Hoffman discovered how to isolate the compound and make it less irritating to the stomach. Hoffman was attempting to make the drug in order to help his father, who was suffering from arthritis. In 1899, Bayer Company trademarked Hoffman's discovery under the name "Aspirin." Today it is believed that over a trillion tablets of aspirin have been sold worldwide.^[1] (6th millennium BC – 5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – other millennia) Events 4860 BC - Mount Mazama in Oregon collapses, forming a caldera that later fills with water and becomes Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. ... An Aani (Atsina) named Assiniboin Boy. ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Largest metro area Nashville Area  Ranked 36th  - Total 42,169 sq mi (109,247 km²)  - Width 120 miles (195 km)  - Length 440 miles (710 km)  - % water 2. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ötzi the Iceman (also spelled Oetzi and known also as Frozen Fritz) is the modern nickname of a well-preserved natural mummy of a man from about 3300 BC, found in 1991 in a glacier of the Ötztaler Alps, near the border between Austria and Italy. ... A mummy is a corpse whose skin and dried flesh have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or airlessness. ... Species About 350, including: Salix acutifolia - Violet Willow Salix alaxensis - Alaska Willow Salix alba - White Willow Salix alpina - Alpine Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix arbusculoides - Littletree Willow Salix arctica - Arctic Willow Salix atrocinerea Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix bakko Salix barrattiana... Salicylic acid is a colorless, crystalline organic carboxylic acid. ... Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid (acetosal) is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches), antipyretic (against fever), and anti-inflammatory. ...

References

October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ...

External links

• Arthritis Foundation (non-profit organisation)
• American College of Rheumatologists (US professional body) - also contains classification criteria of important forms of arthritis
• British Society for Rheumatology (UK professional body)
• Arthritis Research Campaign (UK non-profit organisation) - funds research into all forms of arthritis and provides extensive information for patients and medical professionals