Arthur Eichengrün ( August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. Events up to 999 523 - John succeeds Hormisdas as Pope. 1000-1499 1099 - Paschal II elected Pope. 1315 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. 1326 - Aradia de... August 13, 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January 8 - African-American men granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia January 11 - Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again January 30 - Emperor Komei of Japan dies. Crown Prince Mutsuhito is expected... 1867 - December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). There are 8 days remaining. Events 619 - Boniface V becomes Pope 1493 - The Latin edition of the Nuremberg Chronicle is published 1620 - Construction of Plymouth Colony begins 1823 - A Visit From St. Nicholas... December 23, 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. Events January January 4 - RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage January 4 - February 22 - Series of winter storms in Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah, Colorado and Nevada - winds of up to 72 mph... 1949) was a The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... German chemist. He was born in Map of Germany showing Aachen Aachen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, and the westernmost city in Germany, at 50°46 N, 6°6 E. Population: 256,605 (2003). The RWTH Aachen University... Aachen as the son of a The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... jewish cloth merchant and manufacturer. In 1885 is a common year starting on Thursday. Events January January 4 - The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside. January 20 - L.A. Thompson patents the roller coaster. January 26 - Troops loyal to the Mahdi conquer Khartoum February February 5 - King Leopold II... 1885, he took up studies in chemistry at the university of Aachen, later moved to Berlin ( pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4.5 million before World War II. It is also the second-largest city in the European Union after London. From 1949 to 1990 it was divided... Berlin, and finally to Erlangen is a German city in Middle Franconia. It is located at the estuary of the Untere Schwabach into the Regnitz. Erlangen has about 100,000 inhabitants. Erlangen is today dominated by its university and the numerous branch offices of the Siemens AG, as well as a large Institute of... Erlangen, where he received a A doctorate is an academic degree of the highest level. Traditionally, the award of a doctorate implies recognition of the candidate as an equal by the university faculty under which he or she has studied. There are essentially three types of doctorates: research, first-professional (USA only), and honorary. Research... Doctoral degree in Events January 2 - Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer for the U.S. White House. January 25 - The United Mine Workers of America is founded. January 25 - Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days. March 1 - Léon Bourgeois succeeds Ernest Constans as French Minister... 1890.

In 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). Events January - April January 4 - Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. January 5 - An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays. January 12 - H... 1896, he joined Bayer may also refer to Bayer Leverkusen. Bayer AG is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863. It is headquartered in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About Bayer AG In order to separate operational and strategic management Bayer AG was reorganized into a holding company in December 2003... Bayer, working in the pharmaceutical laboratory. In 1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 1 - A ball signifying New Years Day drops in New York Citys Times Square for the first time January 8 - A train collision occurs in the Park Avenue Tunnel in... 1908, he quit Bayer and founded his own pharmaceutical factory, the Cellon-Werke in Berlin. His company was "aryanized" by the The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). Black, white, and red were in fact the colors of the old North German Confederation flag (invented by Otto von Bismarck, based on... Nazis in 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-May January 3 - The March of Dimes is established by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. January 11 - Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank. January 20 - Wedding of King... 1938. In 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. Events January January 4 - End of term for Culbert Olson, 29th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Earl Warren. January 11 - The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China. January 11 - General Juanto dies in Argentina - Ramon... 1943, he was arrested and sentenced to four months in prison for having failed to include the word "Israel" in his company's name. In May is the fifth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. May begins (astrologically) with the sun in the sign of Taurus and ends in the sign of Gemini. Astronomically speaking, the sun begins in the constellation... May 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). Events World War II January January 4 - The Battle of Monte Cassino begins. January 5 - Murder of Danish playwright Kaj Munk January 17 - British forces, in Italy, cross the Garigliano River. January 20 - The Royal Air... 1944, he was arrested again on the same charge and deported to the A concentration camp is a large detention centre created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, often during a war. The term refers to situations where the internees are persons selected for their conformance to broad criteria... concentration camp Fortress plan, 1869 Terezín (German: Theresienstadt) is name of former military fortress and garrison town in Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. In the late 18th century the Austrian Empire erected the fortress near the confluence of the Labe River and Ohře River, named after... Theresienstadt, where he spent 14 months until the end of Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air. August 9, 1945 World War II was a global conflict that started in 7 July 1937 in Asia and 1 September 1939 in Europe and lasted until 1945, involving the majority of the... World War II in Europe.

After the liberation, he returned to Berlin, but moved to Bad Wiessee in With an area of 70,553 km² and 12.4 million inhabitants, the Free State of Bavaria ( German Bayern or Freistaat Bayern) forms the southernmost of the 16 Bundesländer of Germany. Its capital is Munich. Geography Bavaria shares international borders with Austria and the Czech Republic. Neighbouring... Bavaria in 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 1 - Nationalisation of UK railways to form British Railways. Arab militants lay siege to the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. First day of the Italian republican constitution. January 4... 1948, where he died the following year at the age of 82.

Eichengrün has made his name through numerous inventions such as processes for synthesizing chemical compounds. He held 47 patents. Arguably, however, he is best known through the controversy around the question who invented A very old bottle of Aspirin Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches), antipyretic (against fever), and anti- inflammatory. It has also an anticoagulant (blood thinning) effect and is used in long-term low-doses... Aspirin.

The standard story credits Felix Hoffmann (1868 - 1946) was a German chemist. He was born in Ludwigsburg and studied Chemistry in Munich. In 1894 he joined the Bayer pharmaceutical research facility in Elberfeld. He is best known for having synthesized acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on August 10, 1897 for the first time in a stable... Felix Hoffmann, a young Bayer chemist, with the invention of Aspirin in Events January 1 - Brooklyn, New York merges with New York City. January 4 - A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosheri, son-in-law of the Oba of Benin. This leads to a Punitive Expedition against Benin. February 2 - Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania state capitol, is destroyed by fire. February 18... 1897. (It should be noted, though, that impure A very old bottle of Aspirin Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches), antipyretic (against fever), and anti-inflammatory. It has also an anticoagulant (blood thinning) effect and is used in long-term low-doses... acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, the active compound of Aspirin) had been synthesized already in Events January 19 - Giuseppe Verdis opera Il Trovatore premieres in Rome January 21 - Russell L. Hawes patents the envelope folding machine January 29 - Napoleon III marries the Spanish Countess Eugènie at the Tuileries March 4 – Inauguration of US president Franklin Pierce June 7 - Franklin College of Lancaster... 1853 by The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... French chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt; the 1897 process developed at Bayer was the first to produce pure ASA that could be used for medical purposes.)

In 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. Events January January 4 - RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage January 4 - February 22 - Series of winter storms in Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah, Colorado and Nevada - winds of up to 72 mph... 1949, Arthur Eichengrün published a paper in which he claimed to have planned and directed the synthesis of Aspirin along with the synthesis of several related compounds. He also claimed to be responsible for Aspirin's initial surreptitious clinical testing. Finally, he claimed that Hoffmann's role was restricted to the initial lab synthesis using his (Eichengrün's) process and nothing more.

The Eichengrün version was ignored by historians and chemists until 1999, when Walter Sneader of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the The University of Strathclyde in Scotland is a top research-led British University which originated as Andersons Institution in 1796. Its establishment was based on the vision of John HD Anderson, professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow University who left instructions in his will for a university open to... University of Strathclyde in For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation) George Square and Glasgows City Chambers Glasgow is Scotlands largest city, located on the River Clyde in West Central Scotland. It is also one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, officially known as the City of Glasgow and, like many west... Glasgow re-examined the case and came to the conclusion that indeed Eichengrün's account was convincing and correct and that Eichengrün deserved credit for the invention of Aspirin. Bayer promptly denied this theory in a press release, claiming that the invention of Aspirin was due to Hoffmann.

2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. It was designated the: International Year of Rice (by the United Nations) International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO) Elections were held in 73 countries during 2004. See a list of elections... As of 2004, the contoversy is still open: while Sneader's version has been widely reported, there are no independent second sources supporting either version.

External links

• Sneader's paper (http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/321/7276/1591) in the British Medical Jounal.
• Bayer's press release (http://pressearchiv-kubitschek.www.de/pharma-presse/presseerklaerungen/texte/pharma_medikamente/bayer/bayer_110999.html) (in German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union. It is spoken... German).

Literature

• Eichengrün A.: 50 Jahre Aspirin. Pharmazie 1949;4:582-584. (In German)