The Right Honourable Arthur Henderson (September 13, 1863 – October 20, 1935) was a British politician and union leader. The Right Honourable (abbreviated The Rt Hon. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Rt. Hon. Arthur Henderson MP, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

Arthur Henderson, Leader of the Labour Party on three occasions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Arthur Henderson, Leader of the Labour Party on three occasions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... The position of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs was created in the United Kingdoms governmental reorganization of 1782, in which the Northern and Southern Departments became the Home and Foreign Offices. ...

Early life

Arthur Henderson was born in Glasgow in 1863, the son of a textile worker, who died when his son was only 10 years old. After his father's death, the Hendersons moved to Newcastle upon Tyne in the North East of England. Glasgow (or Glaschu in Gaelic) is Scotlands largest city and unitary council, situated on the River Clyde in the countrys west central lowlands. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK...

Henderson worked in a locomotive factory from the age of 12, and was converted to Methodism (having previously been a Congregationalist) in 1879, This had a major impact on Henderson and he became a Lay Preacher. In 1884, Henderson lost his job, and concentrated on his education, and preaching commitments. The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation indepedently and autonomously runs its own affairs. ... 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ...

Union leader

However by 1892, Henderson had entered the complex world of Trade Union politics, when he was elected as a paid organiser for the Iron Founders Union, and was also a representative on the North East Conciliation Board. 1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Henderson believed that strikes caused more harm than they were worth, and tried to avoid them whenever he could. For this reason he opposed the formation of the General Federation of Trade Union, as he was convinced it would lead to more strikes.

The Labour Party

In 1900, Henderson was one of the 129 trade union and socialist delegates, who passed Keir Hardie's motion to create the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), and in 1903, Henderson was elected treasurer of the LRC, and was also elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Barnard Castle following a by-election. 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... James Keir Hardie (August 15, 1856 - September 26, 1915) was a Scottish-born socialist and labour leader, and the first Labour MP to be elected to the UK Parliament. ... The Labour Representation Committee (LRC) was formed on February 27, 1900, at a conference at which representatives of the main socialist groupings in the United Kingdom were present. ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ... Categories: Stub | Towns in County Durham | Castles in England | English Heritage ...

In 1906, the LRC changed its name to the Labour Party and won 29 seats in the general election of that year (which was a landslide victory for the Liberal Party). 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Labour Party is the principal centre-left political party in the United Kingdom (see British politics). ... In politics, a landslide victory (or just a landslide) is the victory of a candidate or political party by an overwhelming majority in an election. ... The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the 1920s, and a third party of varying strength and importance up to 1988, when it merged with the Social Democratic Party (the SDP) to form a new party which would become...

In 1908, when Hardie resigned as Leader of the Labour Party, Henderson was elected to replace him, and was leader for two fairly quiet (from Labour's perspective) years, before resigning in 1910. 1908 (MCMVIII) is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... -1...

Cabinet Minister

In 1914, the First World War broke out, and the then-Labour leader, Ramsay MacDonald, resigned in protest. Henderson was elected to replace him, and in 1915, following Prime Minister Asquith's decision to create a coalition government, became the first member of the Labour Party to become a member of the Cabinet, as President of the Board of Education. 1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Combatants Entente Powers Central Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties > 5 million military deaths > 3 million military deaths World War I, also known as the First World War and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, War to End All Wars was a world conflict... The Right Honourable James Ramsay MacDonald, PC (12 October 1866–9 November 1937), British politician, was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Right Honourable Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC (12 September 1852–15 February 1928) served as the Liberal Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. ... The Secretary of State for Education and Skills is the chief minister of the Department for Education and Skills in the United Kingdom government. ...

In 1916, David Lloyd George forced Asquith to resign and became Prime Minister. Henderson became a member of the small War Cabinet with the job of Minister without Portfolio. It is doubtful that Henderson was one of the plotters, but he himself resigned in August 1917 when his idea for an international conference on the war was voted down by the rest of the cabinet; shortly afterwards he resigned as Labour leader. 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... The Right Honourable David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, OM, PC (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and the last member of the Liberal Party to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... A War Cabinet is committee formed by a government in time of war. ... A Minister without Portfolio is a government minister with no specific responsibilities. ... August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

The coupon election and the 1920s

Henderson lost his seat in the "coupon election" of December 14, 1918, an election announced within twenty four hours of the end of hostilities in World War I that resulted in a landslide victory for a coalition formed by presiding Prime Minister Lloyd George[1] Henderson returned to Parliament in 1919 after winning a by-election in Widnes. After his election, he became Labour's chief whip, only to lose his seat in the 1922 general election. Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America and in Australia as the Roaring Twenties . In Europe it is sometimes refered to as the Golden Twenties. ... Combatants Entente Powers Central Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties > 5 million military deaths > 3 million military deaths World War I, also known as the First World War and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, War to End All Wars was a world conflict... David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, OM (January 17, 1863–March 26, 1945) was a British statesman and the last Liberal to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Arms of the former Widnes Borough Council Location within the British Isles Widnes is a town in the unitary authority of Halton, Cheshire, England. ... In politics, a whip is a member of a political party in a legislature whose task is to ensure that members of the party attend and vote as the party leadership desires. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Again, he returned to Parliament via a by-election, this time representing Newcastle East, however he lost this seat in the 1923 general election, but returned to Parliament two months later after winning a by-election in Burnley. He was appointed Home Secretary in the first ever Labour government (led by MacDonald). This government was defeated in 1924, and lost the following election partially because of the infamous Zinoviev letter printed in the right-wing tabloid the Daily Mail. 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Location within the British Isles Burnley is a town in the east of Lancashire in north-west England with a population of around 74,000. ... The Secretary of State for the Home Department (the Home Secretary) is the chief United Kingdom government minister responsible for law and order in England and Wales; his or her remit includes policing, the criminal justice system, the prison service, internal security, and matters of citizenship and immigration. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Zinoviev Letter is thought to have been instrumental in the Conservative Partys victory in the British general election of October 29, 1924, which ended the countrys first Labour government. ... The Daily Mail is a British tabloid newspaper, first published in 1896. ...

Unusually, Henderson was re-elected in 1924, and he refused to challenge MacDonald for the party leadership, despite being apparently begged by other MPs to do just that. Worried about factionalism in the Labour Party, he published a pamphlet called Labour and the Nation, in which he attempted to clarify the Labour's goals.

The MacDonald "betrayal"

The crisis began in 1931 when a key committee discovered that the budget was facing a serious deficit. This generated a crisis of confidence in the British financial system which threatened the Pound's position on the Gold Standard. The Labour Cabinet agreed that it was essential to maintain the Gold Standard and that the Budget needed to be balanced, but divided seriously over some of the measures proposed. Henderson found himself at the head of a minority of nearly half the Cabinet who could not accept a cut in unemployment benefit. With the Cabinet so clearly divided it decided to resign office. On August 24, 1931 it was announced the MacDonald was forming an emergency National Government with members of all parties in order to tackle the crisis. However the Labour Party repudiated this government, and the National Executive expelled from the party MacDonald and all other Labour members who supported him (Henderson cast the only vote against this). Henderson now became leader of the party as it became ever more hostile to the Government. With the economic and political situation still uncertain, the National Government decided to call a general election, and in the largest landslide in British political history, it won an overwhelming majority. Labour was reduced to just 46 MPs, and yet again Henderson lost his seat. The following year he relinquished the party leadership. 1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1922 U.S. gold certificate The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold and currency issuers guarantee, under specified rules, to redeem notes in that amount of gold. ... Unemployment benefits are sums of money given to the unemployed by the government or a compulsory para-governmental insurance system. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... In the United Kingdom the term National Government is in an abstract sense used to refer to a coalition of chimps. ... The UK general election on Tuesday 27 October 1931 was the last in the United Kingdom not held on a Thursday. ...

Later career

Henderson returned to Parliament after winning a by-election (Clay Cross), and spent the rest of his life trying to halt the gathering storm of war. He chaired the Geneva Disarmament Conference and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1934. Clay Cross is a small market town in Derbyshire, England. ... The Nobel Peace Prize Medal featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Arthur Henderson died aged 72 in 1935. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

James Keir Hardie (August 15, 1856 - September 26, 1915) was a Scottish-born socialist and labour leader, and the first Labour MP to be elected to the UK Parliament. ... The Labour Party is the principal centre-left political party in the United Kingdom (see British politics). ... George Nicoll Barnes (January 2, 1859 - April 21, 1940) was a Scottish politician. ... The Right Honourable James Ramsay MacDonald, PC (12 October 1866–9 November 1937), British politician, was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... The General Secretary is the most senior employee of the British Labour Party. ... James Hugh Middleton (16 October 1876 - 23 February 1913) played 25 Tests for South Africa. ... The Right Honourable James Ramsay MacDonald, PC (12 October 1866–9 November 1937), British politician, was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... The Labour Party is the principal centre-left political party in the United Kingdom (see British politics). ... William Adamson (1863–1936) was born in Dunfermline, Scotland and worked as a miner in Fife where he became involved with the National Union of Mineworkers. ... Paymaster-General is a ministerial position in UK. Former holders of this post include: Lord John Russell 1830-1834 Sir Edmund Knatchbull 1834-1835 Sir Henry Brook Parnell 1835-1841 Edward John Stanley 1841 Sir Edmund Knatchbull 1841-1845 William Bingham Baring 1845-1846 Thomas Babington Macaulay 1846-1848 The... William Clive Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman (31 December 1864 - 14 August 1935) was a British Conservative politician. ... The Secretary of State for the Home Department (the Home Secretary) is the chief United Kingdom government minister responsible for law and order in England and Wales; his or her remit includes policing, the criminal justice system, the prison service, internal security, and matters of citizenship and immigration. ... William Joynson-Hicks, 1st Viscount Brentford 23 June 1865-8 June 1932, popularly known as Jix, was a UK Conservative politician, most known for his tenure as Home Secretary during which he gained a reputation for strict authoritarianism. ... Austen Chamberlain The Right Honourable Sir Austen Chamberlain (October 16, 1863 – March 17, 1937) was a British statesman and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. ... The position of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs was created in the United Kingdoms governmental reorganization of 1782, in which the Northern and Southern Departments became the Home and Foreign Offices. ... Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading (10 October 1860 - 30 December 1935) was a British politician and jurist. ... The Right Honourable James Ramsay MacDonald, PC (12 October 1866–9 November 1937), British politician, was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... The Labour Party is the principal centre-left political party in the United Kingdom (see British politics). ... The Right Honourable George Lansbury (February 21, 1859 - May 7, 1940) was a British Labour politician, socialist, Christian pacifist, and newspaper editor. ... The Right Honourable Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867–14 December 1947) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on three separate occasions. ... The Leader of the Opposition in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads Her Majestys Loyal Opposition (the body in Parliament recognized as the Official Opposition). ...

External links

• Nobel biography

Leaders of the Labour Party
Keir Hardie | Arthur Henderson | George Nicoll Barnes | Ramsay MacDonald | Arthur Henderson | William Adamson | John Robert Clynes | Ramsay MacDonald | Arthur Henderson | George Lansbury | Clement Attlee | Hugh Gaitskell | Harold Wilson | James Callaghan | Michael Foot | Neil Kinnock | John Smith | Margaret Beckett | Tony Blair