Arthur K. Shapiro (1923-1995), was a psychiatrist and expert on Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome (also called Tourettes syndrome, Tourettes disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, GTS or the more common Tourettes or TS) is an inherited neurological disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic, which characteristically wax...

Until the early 1970s, psychoanalysis was the preferred intervention for Tourette syndrome. ^[1] A turning point in understanding of Tourette syndrome came in 1965, when Dr. Shapiro treated a Tourette’s patient with haloperidol (Haldol). Dr. Shapiro and his wife, Elaine Shapiro (Ph.D.), reported the treatment in a 1968 article, severely criticizing the psychoanalytic approach to treating the condition which had endured throughout the previous century. ^[1] Haloperidol (sold as Aloperidin®, Bioperidolo®, Brotopon®, Dozic®, Einalon S®, Eukystol®, Haldol®, Halosten®, Keselan®, Linton®, Peluces®, Serenace®, Serenase®, Sigaperidol®) is a conventional butyrophenone antipsychotic drug. ... Haloperidol (Aloperidin®; Bioperidolo®; Brotopon®; Dozic®; Einalon S®; Eukystol®; Haldol®; Halosten®; Keselan®; Linton®; Peluces®; Serenace®; Serenase®; Sigaperidol®) is a conventional butyrophenone antipsychotic drug. ...

The Shapiros, working with the patient families who founded the Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA) in 1972 in New York, advanced the argument that Tourette's was neurological rather than psychological and the medical view of Tourette Syndrome was freed the discredited psychoanalytic theory.^[1] Since the 1990s, a more neutral view of Tourette's is emerging^[2] as a condition involving an interaction between biological vulnerability and adverse environmental events.^[3] The Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA), based in Bayside, New York, United States, is a non-profit voluntary organization, founded in 1972 by a group of parents of children with Tourette syndrome. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ...

In 1978, the Shapiros published a landmark book on the disorder, Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. They also published The Powerful Placebo : From Ancient Priest to Modern Physician.

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See also

Tourette Syndrome Association The Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA), based in Bayside, New York, United States, is a non-profit voluntary organization, founded in 1972 by a group of parents of children with Tourette syndrome. ...