Arthur Peters (August 29, 1854_January 29, 1908) was a Prince Edward Island politician along with his brother Frederick Peters. Arthur Peters was first elected to the province's legislative assembly in 1890 as a Liberal. He became Attorney_General in 1900 and was asked by the lieutenant_governor to become Premier of the province on December 29, 1901 after his predecessor had resigned to enter federal politics. .

Peters attempted to renegotiate the rules governing the island's representation in the Canadian House of Commons as the island was losing parliamentary seats as a result of successive censuses. Peters argued the province's case before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London (though the matter was not resolved during his lifetime) and he also negotiated an increased federal subsidy to the province. Peters died in office on January 29, 1908 at the age of 53.