Arthur Schnitzler

Arthur Schnitzler (May 15, 1862 - October 21, 1931) was an Austrian writer and doctor. Arthur Schnitzler picture from Italian version of Wikipedia entry. ... Arthur Schnitzler picture from Italian version of Wikipedia entry. ... May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (136th in leap years). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... German literature comprises those literary texts originating within Germany proper and written in the German language. ...

Biography

Schnitzler (1862-1931), the son of a prominent Jewish laryngologist, was born in Vienna and began studying medicine at the University of Vienna in 1879. He received his doctorate of medicine in 1885 and worked in Vienna's General Hospital, but ultimately abandoned medicine in favour of writing. Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) in Vienna, Austria is the oldest university in the current Austro-Hungarian domain; it formally opened in 1365. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

His works were often controversial, both for their frank description of sexuality (Sigmund Freud, in a letter to Schnitzler, confessed "I have gained the impression that you have learned through intuition — though actually as a result of sensitive introspection — everything that I have had to unearth by laborious work on other persons") as well as for the strong stand against anti-Semitism represented by works such as Professor Bernhardi and Der Weg ins Freie. (Interestingly, however, although Schnitzler was himself Jewish, "Professor Bernhardi" is the only one of his works with a clearly-identified Jewish protagonist; in the second, the hero has many Jewish friends, but is a non-Jew himself.) Schnitzler was branded as a pornographer after the release of his play Reigen, and his works were later cited as an example of "Jewish filth" by Adolf Hitler. (Reigen was made into a French language film in 1950 by the german-born director Max Ophuls under the title La Ronde. The film achieved considerable success in the English-speaking world, with the result that Schnitzler's play is better known there under the French title Ophuls used.) In response to an interviewer who asked Schnitzler what he thought about the critical view that his works all seemed to treat the same subjects, he replied, "I write of love and death. What other subjects are there?" Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856–September 23, 1939; IPA pronunciation: []) was a Jewish-Austrian neurologist and the co-founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Play (1912) by Arthur Schnitzler Professor Bernhardi is one of the best known plays written by the Viennese dramatist, short story writer and novelist Arthur Schnitzler. ... Der Weg ins Frei (translated as The Way into the Open and The Road into the Open, though the sense is perhaps more that of getting clear) was published by Arthur Schnitzler in 1908 and is one of only two novels (the other being Therese) by this Viennese author (1862... Hitler redirects here. ... La Ronde, or Six Flags La Ronde, is an amusement park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ...

Despite his seriousness of purpose, Schnitzler frequently approaches the bedroom farce in his plays (and had an infamous affair with one of his actresses, Adele Sandrock). Professor Bernhardi, a play about a Jewish doctor who turns away a Catholic priest in order to spare a patient realization that she is on the point of death, and who as a result is forced out of the cooperative clinic he helped found and given two months in jail, is his only major dramatic work without a sexual theme. The term may refer to Bedroom farce -- a genre of comedy Bedroom Farce -- a comedy by Alan Ayckbourn. ... Adele Sandrock as Marguerite Gautier in the stage version of The Lady of the Camellias (1898). ...

A member of the avant garde group Young Vienna (Jung Wien), Schnitzler toyed with formal as well as social conventions. With his 1900 short story "Lieutenant Gustl," he was the first to write German fiction in stream-of-consciousness narration. ("Lieutenant Gustl"'s unflattering portrait of its protagonist and of the army's obsessive code of formal honor caused Schnitzler to be stripped of his commission as a reserve officer in the medical corps — something that must be seen against the rising tide of anti-semitism of the time.) He specialized in shorter works like novellas and one-act plays, and in short short stories like "The Green Tie" (Die grüne Krawatte) he showed himself to be one of the early masters of microfiction. However he wrote two full-length novels, "Der Weg ins Freie" a novel about a talented but not very motivated young composer that gives a brilliant description of a segment of pre-World War I Viennese society, and the artistically less satisfactory Therese. Young Vienna (Junges Wien) was a society of fin de siècle writers who met in Viennas Café Griensteidl and other nearby coffeehouses from 1890 until 1897. ... In literary criticism, stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individuals point of view by giving the written equivalent of the characters thought processes. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Microfiction is very short fiction, usually around 300 words long. ... Saint Thérèse de Lisieux (January 2, 1873 – September 30, 1897), or more properly Sainte Thérèse de lEnfant-Jésus et de la Sainte Face (Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus and of the Holy Face), born Marie-Françoise-Thérèse Martin...

In addition to his plays and fiction, Schnitzler meticulously kept a diary from the age of 17 until two days before his death, of a brain hemorrhage in Vienna. The manuscript, which runs to almost 8,000 pages, is most notable for Schnitzler's casual descriptions of sexual conquests — he was often in relationships with several women at once, and for a period of some years he kept a record of every orgasm. Collections of Schnitzler's letters have also been published. A cerebral hemorrhage is a bleed into the substance of the cerebrum. ...

Selected works

Plays

• Anatol (1893), a series of seven acts revolving around a bourgeoisie playboy and his immature relationships.
• Flirtation (Liebelei - 1895), also known as The Reckoning, which was made into a film by Max Ophüls and adapted as Dalliance by British playwright Tom Stoppard.
• Fair Game (Freiwild - 1896)
• Hands Around (Reigen - 1900), also called La Ronde, is still frequently presented. Max Ophüls directed the first movie adaptation of the play in 1950, and Roger Vadim directed a second version in 1964.
• Paracelsus (1899)
• The Green Cockatoo (Der grüne Kakadu - 1899)
• The Lonely Way (Der einsame Weg - 1904)
• Countess Mizzi (Komtesse Mizzi oder Der Familientag - 1909)
• Living Hours (1911)
• Young Medardus (Der junge Medardus - 1910)
• The Vast Domain (Das weite Land - 1911), adapted as Undiscovered Country by Tom Stoppard.
• Professor Bernhardi (1912)
• The Comedy of Seduction (Komödie der Verführung - 1924)

Max Ophüls (May 6, 1902 – March 25, 1957) was a German-born Jewish film director. ... Template:Unsourced A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is someone who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... Tom Stoppard in a 1985 documentary for the film Brazil Sir Tom Stoppard, OM, CBE (born Tomáš Straussler on July 3, 1937) is an Academy Award winning British playwright. ... La Ronde is the title usually given to Arthur Schnitzlers 1897 play Reigen. ... Max Ophüls (May 6, 1902 – March 25, 1957) was a German-born Jewish film director. ... Roger Vadim (born Roger Vladimir Plemiannikov, Paris, France, January 26, 1928; died February 11, 2000), was a journalist, author, actor, screenwriter, director, and producer who launched Brigitte Bardots career in the film And God Created Woman. ... Tom Stoppard in a 1985 documentary for the film Brazil Sir Tom Stoppard, OM, CBE (born Tomáš Straussler on July 3, 1937) is an Academy Award winning British playwright. ...

Novels

• The Road Into the Open (Der Weg ins Freie - 1908)
• Therese. Chronik eines Frauenlebens (1928)

Saint Thérèse de Lisieux (January 2, 1873 – September 30, 1897), or more properly Sainte Thérèse de lEnfant-Jésus et de la Sainte Face (Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus and of the Holy Face), born Marie-Françoise-Thérèse Martin...

Short stories and novellas

• Dying (Sterben - 1895)
• Lieutenant Gustl (Leutnant Gustl - 1900)
• Berta Garlan (1900)
• Blind Geronimo and his Brother (Der blinde Geronimo und sein Bruder - 1902)
• The Prophecy (Die Weissagung - 1905)
• Casanova's Homecoming (Casanovas Heimfahrt - 1918)
• Fräulein Else (1924)
• Dream Story (Traumnovelle - 1925/26), later adapted as the film Eyes Wide Shut by American director Stanley Kubrick)
• Night Games (Spiel im Morgengrauen - 1926)
• Flight into Darkness (Flucht in die Finsternis - 1931)

Traumnovelle (Dream Story) is a novella by the Austrian writer Arthur Schnitzler. ... Eyes Wide Shut is a 1999 feature-length motion picture directed and co-written by Stanley Kubrick, based on the novella Traumnovelle (in English Dream Story) by Arthur Schnitzler. ... Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an artistically influential, Academy Award-winning and critically acclaimed American film director and producer. ...

Nonfiction

• Youth in Vienna (Jugend in Wien), an autobiography published posthumously in 1968
• Diary, 1879-1931

Comedies of Words and Other Plays (1917)

Publications

• Theodor Reik Arthur Schnitzler als Psycholog (Minden, 1913)
• H. B. Samuel Modernities (London, 1913)
• J. G. Huneker Ivory, Apes, and Peacocks (New York, 1915)
• Ludwig Lewisohn The Modern Drama (New York, 1915)

Theodor Reik (1888-1969) was a prominent psychoanalyst who trained as one of Freuds first students in Vienna, Austria. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with James_Huneker. ... Ludwig Lewisohn (May 30,1882, Berlin, Germany - December 31, 1955) was an American Jewish critic and novelist, perhaps known best for his novel The Island Within. ...

See also

• Richard Plant

Richard Plant (July 22, 1910 — March 3, 1998), German-American writer. ...

External links

• Works by Arthur Schnitzler at Project Gutenberg
• "Who Is Arthur Schnitzler?" article at Slate
• Literary Encylopedia: Arthur Schnitzler
• Pushkin Press - Arthur Schnitzler - Fraulein Else
• Pushkin Press - Arthur Schnitzler - Casanova's Return to Venice