Portrait of St. Clair

Arthur St. Clair (March 23, 1734 (1736?)–August 31, 1818) was the ninth President of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation, holding office from February 2, 1787 to October 29, 1787. He was preceded in office by Nathaniel Gorham and succeeded by Cyrus Griffin. He was also a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, the highest-ranking officer in the US Army (1791-1792), and the only territorial governor of Ohio. Painting from live by Charles Willson Peale, done between 1782-84. ... Painting from live by Charles Willson Peale, done between 1782-84. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Events January 26 - Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress. ... The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document of the United States of America. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nathaniel Gorham (May 27, 1738–June 11, 1796) was the eighth President of the United States in Congress assembled, under the Articles of Confederation. ... Cyrus Griffin (1749–December 14, 1810) was the tenth and last President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation, holding office from January 22, 1788 to March 4, 1789. ... Illustration depicting uniforms and weapons used during the 1779 to 1783 period of the American Revolution by showing four soldiers standing in an informal group General George Washington, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775. ... The American Revolution was an upheaval that ended British control of middle North America, resulting in the formation of the United States of America in 1776. ... Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903, there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ...

St. Clair was born Thurso, Caithness, Scotland on March 23, sometime between 1734 and 1736. He attended the University of Edinburgh and studied medicine under the renowned anatomist William Hunter. In 1757, St. Clair purchased a commission in the British Army and came to America with Admiral Edward Boscawen's fleet for the French and Indian War. He served under General Jeffrey Amherst at the capture of Louisburg, Nova Scotia on July 26, 1758. On April 17, 1759, he received a lieutenant's commission and was assigned to the command of General James Wolfe, under whom he served at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. This article refers to the town in Scotland. ... Caithness (Gallaibh in Gaelic) is a committee area of Highland Council, Scotland; a lieutenancy area; and a registration county, Caithness was formerly a district within the Highland region from 1975 to 1996 and a local government county with its own county council from 1891 to 1975. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Events January 26 - Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. ... The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... This article is about the field of medical practice and health care. ... Anatomical drawing of the human muscles from the Encyclopédie. ... William Hunter (23 May 1718-30 March 1783) was a Scottish anatomist and physician. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Edward Boscawen (August 10, 1711 - January 10, 1761) was a British (Cornish) admiral. ... The conflict resulted in Frances loss of most of its possessions in North America. ... Jeffrey Amherst by Joshua Reynolds Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, he himself spelled his name as Jeffery) (January 29, 1717 - August 3, 1797) served as an officer in the British army Born in Sevenoaks, England, he became a soldier aged about 14. ... Fortress Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction of an 18th century French fortress at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders James Wolfe † Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm † Strength 4,800 regulars 4,000 regulars 300 militia Casualties 58 dead 600 wounded 644 dead or wounded The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, fought September 13, 1759, was a decisive battle of the North American theatre of...

On April 16, 1762, he resigned his commission, and in 1764 he settled in Ligonier Valley, Pennsylvania, where he purchased land and erected mills. He was the largest landowner in western Pennsylvania. April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 160 miles (255 km)  - Length 280 miles (455 km)  - % water 2. ...

In 1770 St. Clair became a justice of the court, of quarter sessions and of common pleas, a member of the proprietary council, a justice, recorder, and clerk of the orphans' court, and prothonotary of Bedford and Westmoreland counties. 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The prothonotary is the chief court clerk in certain courts of law in certain Anglo-American jurisdictions, including the American states of Pennsylvania and Delaware, the Federal Court of Canada, the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and the Supreme Courts of the Australian states of New... DONT beleive anything on this page! ppl can change it anytime they want to! im a kid and i am changing it right now!! luv yall!! PENNSYLVANIA ROCKS!!!! VENANGO COUNTY ROCKS TOO!!!! Bedford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Westmoreland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ...

In 1774, the colony of Virginia took claim of the area around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and some residents of western Pennsylvania took up arms to reject them. St. Clair issued an order for the arrest of the officer leading the Virginia troops. Lord Dunmore's War eventually settled the boundary dispute. 1774 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area  Ranked 35th  - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 7. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Steel City Location Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Pennsylvania Allegheny County Founded 1758 Mayor Bob OConnor (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 151. ... Dunmores War (or Lord Dunmores War) was the result of several collisions that took place in the spring of 1774, on the Ohio River above the mouth of the Little Kanawha River, between Native American peoples (particularly Shawnee, Miami, and Wyandot) and parties of Anglo-American settlers who...

Revolutionary War

By the mid-1770s, St. Clair considered himself more of an American patriot than a British subject. In January 1776, he took a commission in the Continental Army, as a colonel of Pennsylvania militia (3rd Pennsylvania Regiment). He was appointed a brigadier general in August 1776, and was sent by Gen. George Washington to help organize the New Jersey militia. He took part in Washington's crossing of the Delaware River on Christmas night 1776, before the Battle of Trenton. Many biographers credit St. Clair with the strategy which led to Washington's capture of Princeton, New Jersey in the following days. This article is about the year 1776. ... Illustration depicting uniforms and weapons used during the 1779 to 1783 period of the American Revolution by showing four soldiers standing in an informal group General George Washington, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775. ... Colonel is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... The 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment was raised December 9, 1775 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for service with the Continental Army. ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the Commander in Chief of American forces in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and, later, the first President of the United States, an office he held from 1789 to 1797. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... Christmas is a Christian holiday held on December 25 which celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... Combatants Continental Army Hessian Army Commanders George Washington Johan Rall Strength 2,400 1,400 Casualties 4 wounded {+ 2 frozen to death} 22 dead, 92 wounded 913 captured This article is about the Battle of Trenton which took place on December 26, 1776. ... Princeton, New Jersey, is the name of a section of Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. ...

In April 1777, St. Clair was sent to defend Fort Ticonderoga. Unfortunately, his small garrison could not resist British Gen. John Burgoyne's larger force in the Saratoga Campaign. St. Clair was foced to retreat at the Battle of Ticonderoga on July 5, 1777. He was able to withdraw his forces and continue resisting the advance at the battles of Hubbardton and Fort Ann. In 1778 he was court-martialed for the loss of Ticonderoga. The court exonerated him, and he returned to duty. St. Clair was at Yorktown, Virginia when Lord Cornwallis surrendered his army. 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York, USA. The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson... John Burgoyne John Burgoyne (February 24, 1723 – August 4, 1792) was a British general during the American Revolutionary War, infamous for his arrogance, pompous attitude, and vanity. ... The Saratoga campaign was a major British initiative in 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. ... The Battle of Ticonderoga on July 5 and July 6, 1777 was more a battle of maneuver than a direct conflict in the American Revolutionary War. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... Combatants United States British Commanders Seth Warner Simon Fraser Strength 730 men 1030 men Casualties 41 killed, 96 wounded and 234 captured 60 killed and 148 wounded The Battle of Hubbardton was an engagement in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War. ... Combatants British United States Commanders Lt Col. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ... York Hall is a government building on Yorktowns historic Main Street. ... Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (December 31, 1738-October 5, British general and colonial governor. ...

St. Clair was a member of the Pennsylvania Council of Censors in 1783, and was elected a delegate to the Continental Congress from November 2, 1785 until November 28, 1787. He was President of the Continental Congress when Shays' Rebellion took place. 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Continental Congress is the label given to three successive bodies of representatives: The First Continental Congress met from September 5, 1774 to October 26, 1774. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Shays Rebellion was an armed uprising in western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. ...

Northwest Territory

Under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which created the Northwest Territory, General St. Clair was appointed governor of what is now Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, along with parts of Wisconsin and Minnesota. He named Cincinnati, Ohio after the Society of the Cincinnati, and it was there that he established his seat. When the territory was divided in 1800, he served as governor of the Ohio Territory. The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance) was an act of the Continental Congress of the United States passed on July 13, 1787 under the Articles of Confederation. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the historic region of the United States; you may be looking for: North-Western Territory, British North American territory Northwest Territories, present-day Canadian territory Pacific Northwest, unofficial region in the United States The Northwest Territory, also known as the Old Northwest and the Territory North... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area  Ranked 38th  - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 270 miles (435 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area  Ranked 23rd  - Total 65,498 sq. ... Official language(s) None Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Queen City Location Location in Hamilton County, Ohio Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Ohio Hamilton Mayor Mark L. Mallory (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 206. ... The General Society of the Cincinnati is a historic association in the United States and France with limited and strict membership requirements. ... 1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Ohio Country, showing the present-day U.S. state boundaries The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake...

As Governor, he formulated Maxwell's Code, the first written laws of the territory. He also sought to end Native American claims to Ohio land and clear the way for white settlement. In 1789, he succeeded in getting certain Indians to sign the Treaty of Fort Harmar, but many native leaders had not been invited to participate in the negotiations, or had refused to do so. Rather than settling the Indian's claims, the treaty provoked them to further resistance in what is sometimes known as the "Northwest Indian War" (or "Little Turtle's War"). Mutual hostilites led to a campaign by General Josiah Harmar, whose 1,500 militiamen were defeated by the Indians in October 1790. 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Fort Harmar was an agreement between the United States government and several Native American tribes with claims to the Ohio Country. ... The Northwest Indian War (1785-1795), often known as Little Turtles War in older reference works, was a war fought between the United States and a large confederation of Native Americans (Indians) for control of the Old Northwest, which ended with a decisive U.S. victory at the Battle... Josiah Harmar (November 10, 1753 - August 20, 1813) was an officer in the United States Army. ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1791, St. Clair succeeded Harmar as the senior general of the United States Army. He personally led a punitive expedition comprising militia and two Regular Army regiments. This force advanced to the location of Indian settlements on the Wabash River, but on November 4 they were routed in battle by a tribal confederation led by Miami Chief Little Turtle and Shawnee chief Blue Jacket. More than 600 soldiers and scores of women and children were killed in the battle, called St. Clair's Defeat, the "Columbia Massacre," or the "Battle of the Wabash." It was the greatest defeat of the American army by Native Americans in history. After this debacle, he resigned from the Army at the request of President Washington, but continued to serve as Governor of the Northwest Territory. 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Wabash River is a 475 mi (765 km) long river in the eastern United States that flows southwest from northwest Ohio near St. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... The Miami are a Native American tribe originally found in Indiana and Ohio. ... Statue of Little Turtle at Headwaters Park in Fort Wayne, by local sculptor Hector Garcia. ... Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c. ... Combatants Miamis, Shawnee United States Commanders Michikinikwa Blue Jacket Arthur St. ... The presidential seal was used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ...

A Federalist, St. Clair hoped to see two states made of the Ohio Territory in order to increase Federalist power in Congress. However, he was resented by Ohio Democratic-Republicans for what were perceived as his partisanship, high-handededness and arrogance in office. In 1802, his opposition to plans for Ohio statehood led President Thomas Jefferson to remove him from office as territorial governor. He thus played no part in the organizing of the State of Ohio in 1803. The first Ohio Constitution provided for a weak governor and a strong legislature, in part due to a reaction to St. Clair's method of governance. ... A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose. ... --69. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Ohio Constitution is the basic governing document of the State of Ohio, which in 1803 became the 17th state to join the United States of America. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ...

St. Clair died in Greensburg, Pennsylvania on August 31, 1818, in poverty, his vast wealth dissipated by generous gifts and loans, and by business reverses. Greensburg is a city located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 15,889. ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ...

A portion of The Hermitage, St. Clair's home in Youngstown, Pennsylvania was later moved to Ligonier, Pennsylvania, where it is now preserved as a museum. Upper St. Clair, Pennsylvania, St. Clairsville, Pennsylvania, St. Clair County, Illinois, St. Clair County, Missouri, St. Clair Township in Columbiana County, Ohio, and St. Clairsville, Ohio are named in his honor. Youngstown is a borough located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. ... Ligonier is a borough located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. ... Upper St. ... St. ... St. ... St. ... Columbiana County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ...

External links

• http://www.arthurstclair.com/
• St. Clair's Lineage - convincing argument that St. Clair was born as Arthur Sinclair on March 23, 1736
• Ohio History Central
• The Hermitage - home of Arthur St. Clair
• Find-A-Grave gives 1736 as date of birth