Father Arthur Tooth SSC (1839–1931), a Ritualist and clergyman in the Church of England, and a member of the Society of the Holy Cross, is most famous for having being prosecuted in 1876 under the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 for using proscribed liturgical practices. He was also, briefly, imprisoned as a result of the prosecution in 1877. He was born on 17 June 1839 in, Cranbrook, Kent. He was educated at Tonbridge School and, in 1858, became a student of Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated in science in 1862. The Symbol of the Society of the Holy Cross The Society of the Holy Cross is an international Anglo-Catholic society for priests in the Anglican tradition. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... In general, the term, Ritualism can be used to describe an outlook which places a great (or even exaggerated) emphasis on ritual. ... see also Holy Orders The following terms have traditional meanings for the Anglican Church, and possibly beyond: A churchman is in principle a member of a church congregation, in practice someone in holy orders. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... The Symbol of the Society of the Holy Cross The Society of the Holy Cross is an international Anglo-Catholic society for priests in the Anglican tradition. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 was an English Act of Parliament, introduced as a Private Members Bill by Archbishop of Canterbury Archibald Campbell Tait, to limit what he perceived as the growing ritualism of Anglo-Catholicism and the Oxford Movement within the Church of England. ... From the Greek word λειτουργια, which can be transliterated as leitourgia, meaning the work of the people, a liturgy comprises a prescribed religious ceremony, according to the traditions of a particular religion; it may be refer to, or include, an elaborate formal ritual (such as the Catholic Mass), a daily... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Cranbrook is a village in the Tunbridge Wells borough of Kent in South East England. ... Kent is a county in England, south-east of London. ... Tonbridge School is a British independent all boys boarding school in Tonbridge, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names Kings Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Fr. Arthur Tooth SSC

Life before the prosecution

After he graduated from Cambridge, he travelled round the world twice (he became an accomplished horseman and crack shot) and he discovered a vocation to the priesthood - although no satisfactory explanation seems to have been found for what sparked off his interest in Ritualism. He was ordained deacon in 1863 to a title at St Mary-the-Less, Lambeth, but he spent only a year there, because his churchmanship clashed with that of his vicar. He was ordained priest in 1864 and served a second curacy at St Mary's, Folkestone. From 1865-68 he was minister of St Mary Magdalene's mission church in the parish of St Nicholas, Chiswick. In 1868 he became vicar of St James's, Hatcham, a working class parish in south-east London. The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ... A vocation is an occupation, either professional or voluntary, that is seen to those who carry it out as offering more than simply financial reward. ... A priesthood is a body of priests, shamans, or oracles who are thought to have special religious authority or function. ... In general, the term, Ritualism can be used to describe an outlook which places a great (or even exaggerated) emphasis on ritual. ... This article is about the sacrament. ... Deacon is a role in the Christian Church which is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth. ... In Anglican parlance, churchmanship is the general emphasis on doctrine, discipline, political outlook, and liturgical practice by adherents of the Church of England, particularly in certain historical periods. ... In the broadest sense, a vicar (from the Latin vicarius) is anyone acting as a substitute or agent for a superior (compare vicarious). In this sense, the title is comparable to lieutenant. ... Roman Catholic priests in traditional clerical clothing. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... From the Latin curatus, a curate is a person who is invested with the care, or cure (cura), of souls of a parish. ... Map sources for Folkestone at grid reference TR2236 Folkestone is a coastal resort town in the Shepway district of Kent, England. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Mary Magdalene, which probably means Mary of Magdala, a town on the western shore of the Lake of Tiberias, is described in the New Testament as a follower of Jesus both in the canon and in the apocrypha. ... A parish is a type of administrative subdivision. ... Chiswick [pronounced CHIZ-ick] is an extensive district of West London, located within the eastern extremity of the London Borough of Hounslow and 5. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... In the broadest sense, a vicar (from the Latin vicarius) is anyone acting as a substitute or agent for a superior (compare vicarious). In this sense, the title is comparable to lieutenant. ... New Cross Gate is an area within Lewisham mainly bounded by the SE14 postcode area. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ...

Tooth's efforts to renew the life of St. James', Hatcham, started to attract large congregations. His approach combined capable preaching, the introduction of ritualist practices, and the establishment of parish organisations designed to help the more needy residents of the area. New Cross Gate is an area within Lewisham mainly bounded by the SE14 postcode area. ... In general, the term, Ritualism can be used to describe an outlook which places a great (or even exaggerated) emphasis on ritual. ...

Prosecution for Ritualism

When Public Worship Regulation Act was passed in 1874, those who disapproved of his ritualist liturgical practices set in motion a prosecution. He was charged with (among other things) the use of incense, vestments, and altar candles. The case came before Lord Penzance at Lambeth Palace on 13 July 1876. Tooth did not attend as he refused to recognise the authority of the court. He ignored both the judicial warnings that resulted from his non-attendance and the legal attempts to restrain him from exercising his ministry, although he was now facing disruptions when he presided at worship caused largely by people hired for the purpose by his opponents. Incense is a preparation of aromatic plant matter, often with the addition of essential oils extracted from plant or animal sources, intended to release fragrant smoke for religious, therapeutic, or aesthetic purposes as it smolders. ... Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religions, especially the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Anglican Churches. ... James Plaisted Wilde, Baron Penzance (July 12, 1816 - December 9, 1899) was a British judge and amateur gardener who was a vociferous proponent of the theory that the works usually attributed to William Shakespeare were in fact authored by Francis Bacon. ... Lambeth Palaces gatehouse. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

Eventually, on 22 January 1877, as a result of his repeatedly ignoring the decisions of the Court of Arches, he was taken into custody for contempt of court. This action immediately transformed him in the eyes of Anglo-Catholics from a rebel into a Christian martyr, and his story became national headline news. January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Arches Court, presided over by the Dean of Arches is an ecclesiastical court of the Church of England covering the Province of Canterbury. ... Contempt of court is a court ruling which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, deems an individual as holding contempt for the court, its process, and its invested powers. ... The terms Anglo-Catholic and Anglo-Catholicism describe people, groups, ideas, customs and practices within Anglicanism that emphasise continuity with Catholic tradition. ... Historically, a martyr is a person who dies for their convictions or religious faith, such as during the persecution of early Christians in the Roman Empire. ...

The agitations that resulted from his arrest and imprisonment played a central role in bring the Public Worship Regulation Act into disrepute. His conviction was quashed on a technicality.

Life after the prosecution

The whole experience of the prosecution had a devastating effect on Tooth's health and he was only nominally in charge of St James's until November 1878. He lived for a further fifty-two years, but was never again given charge of a parish. Furthermore, he had no desire for fame or notoriety. He spent the rest of his life involved in the running of a boys school and with involvement with a religious sisterhood. He died at Otford, unmarried, on 5 March 1931, and was buried in Crystal Palace District Cemetery. Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Otford is a village in Sevenoaks District, north-west Kent. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Crystal Palace is an area in south London, England within the postcode London SE19, named after the Crystal Palace, relocated to Upper Norwood in 1854. ...