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Basic Law Article 45 Concern Group (Chinese: 《基本法》四十五條關注組; Cantonese IPA: /keɪ₅₅ pʊn₃₅ fɑt₃₃ seɪ₃₃ sɐp₂₂ ŋ₁₃ tɪʊ₁₁ gwɑn₅₅ tsy₃₃ tsəʊ₃₅/, Jyutping: gei1 bun2 faat3 sei3 sap6 ng5 tiu4 gwan1 zyu3 zou2, Yale: gēi bún fat sei sahp ńgh tiùh gwāan jyu jóu; Mandarin Pinyin: Jīběnfá Sīshíwǔtiáo Guānzhùzǔ) is a pro-democracy political group in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China. It was established on November 14, 2003 by legal practitioners and academics. It currently has six seats in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It will probably turn to a political party in March 2006, Fernando Cheung and Tam Heung-man agreed to join the new party. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Ongoing events • 23rd Southeast Asian Games • Abramoff-Reed gambling scandal • Al Jazeera bombing memo • Avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak • Black sites scandal • Conservative leadership race (UK) • Fuel prices • Irans nuclear program • Jilin chemical plant explosions • Kashmir earthquake • Malawi food crisis • Malaysian prisoner abuse scandal • New Delhi bombings investigation • Niger food... Standard Cantonese is a variant of Cantonese, generally considered the prestige dialect. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet. ... Jyutping (Traditional Chinese: 粵拼; Simplified Chinese: 粤拼; pinyin: yuèpÄ«n; Yale: yuhtpÄ«ng; sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. ... The Yale Romanizations are four systems created during World War II by the United States for its soldiers. ... Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China on Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. ... Pinyin (Chinese: 拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard... A political faction is a grouping of individuals within a political organisation, such as a political party, a trade union, or other group with some kind of political purpose (referred to in this article as the “broader organisation”). It may also be referred to as a power bloc, or a... A Special Administrative Region (SAR) (Simplified Chinese: 特别行政区; Traditional Chinese: 特別行政區; pinyin: tèbié xíngzhèngqÅ«; Cantonese IPA: /tɐk6piːt6 hɐŋ4tsɪŋ3kʰɵy1/; Jyutping: dak6bit6 hang4zing3keoi1; Yale: dahkbiht hàhngjingkeÅ«i) is a political subdivision of the... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Legislative Council (立法會, abbreviated LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. Fernando Cheung Dr. Farnando Cheung (Traditional Chinese: 張超雄) is a Hong Kong legislator. ...

The group originated from the "Basic Law Article 23 Concern Group", which was formed to criticise the HKSAR Government's legislative proposals to implement the controversial Article 23 of the Basic Law during the proposed legislations' consultation period in 2002-2003. Outspoken members of the group included the barristers Audrey Eu (余若薇), Alan Leong (梁家傑) and Ronny Tong (湯家驊), who were all former chairpersons of the Hong Kong Bar Association. Their professional and outspoken image established during the Article 23 controversy has led to them being especially popular with the middle class. Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 is the basis (parent statute) of a security law proposed by the Hong Kong Government. ... Audrey Eu (余若薇; born September 11, 1953 - ) LLB (HKU), LLM (London), SC, JP is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. ... Alan Leung Kah Kit, SC (梁家傑)，February 22, 1958) is a member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council (Legco). ... Ronny Tong (Chinese: 湯家驊; Simplified Chinese: 汤家骅), born August 28 1950 in Hong Kong, is a barrister-turned politician, currently a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, representing the New Territories East geographical constituency. ...

After the HKSAR Government shelved the Article 23 proposals, the group renamed itself the Article 45 Concern Group, with the addition of a few members. Its focus changed to push for universal suffrage in 2007/08. The ultimate aim of universal suffrage for the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council is stipulated under Articles 45 and 68 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong respectively. Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of suffrage, or the right to vote, to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief or social status. ... The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Traditional Chinese: 香港特別行政區行政長官; Simplified Chinese: 香港特别行政区行政长官; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 dak6 bit6 hang4 zing3 keoi1 hang4 zing3 zoeng2 gun1; pinyin: XiÄ... Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45 is a controversial article in the Basic Law (constitution) of Hong Kong. ... This is a list of articles about the fundamental constitutional laws, known as Basic Laws, of various jurisdictions. ...

The group considered universal sufferage by 2007/8 as vital to the protection of human rights and the rule of law in Hong Kong, and aimed to promote debates on universal suffrage from a legal and constitutional point of view. Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... The rule of law implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure. ...

In close collaboration with the democratic camp, several members of the group ran for the 2004 Legislative Council elections and suceeded in gaining four seats in the Council (up from two before the elections). The group remained vocal in criticizing the Chinese and HKSAR Governments for their stance regarding a number of politicial issues, including the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China not to allow universal suffrage in 2007/08. In line with the pan-democratic camp, it supported gathering "the public's" view on the issue of universal suffrage by means of a referendum in 2004. The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest legislative body in the Peoples Republic of China. ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...

Founding members include

• Johannes Chan, barrister, Dean of the Faculty of Law, the University of Hong Kong, Hon SC
• Denis Chang, barrister
• Eric Cheung Tat-ming, solicitor; Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, the University of Hong Kong
• Mark Daly, solicitor
• Michael Davis, Attorney of the United States and professor of law at the Chinese University of Hong Kong
• Audrey Eu, legislator, barrister and former Chairman of Hong Kong Bar Association (1997-1999)
• Alan Leong, legislator, barrister and former Chairman of Hong Kong Bar Association (2001-2003)
• Gladys Li, barrister, chairlady of International Commission of Jurists (Hong Kong section)
• Christine Loh, former legislator, has a law degree, runs the private think tank Civic Exchange
• Margaret Ng, legislator representing the legal sector and barrister
• Ronny Tong, legislator, barrister and former Chairman of Hong Kong Bar Association (1999-2001)

The University of Hong Kong (zh-hk: 香港大學, zh-cn: 香港大学, pinyin: XiānggÇŽng Dàxué; abbreviated as HKU and 港大) is an English-speaking university. ... The Chinese University of Hong Kong (abbreviation: CUHK; Chinese: 香港中文大學; Cantonese: IPA: , Yale: hÄ“ung góng jÅ«ng màhn daaih hohk, Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 jung1 man4 dai6 hok6; Mandarin Pinyin: XiānggÇŽng Zhōngwén Dàxué) is the second oldest of the eight universities in Hong Kong. ... Audrey Eu (余若薇; born September 11, 1953 - ) LLB (HKU), LLM (London), SC, JP is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. ... Alan Leung Kah Kit, SC (梁家傑)，February 22, 1958) is a member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council (Legco). ... Margaret Ng (Chinese 吳靄儀, Pinyin Wú Ǎiyí), born 1948, is one of Hong Kongs leading barristers. ...

External links

• Official website
• Official website of its LegCo members
• A monthly newspaper published by the group

 

Political parties and groups in Hong Kong *
Pro-democracy:	April Fifth Action | Basic Law Article 45 Concern Group | Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) | Democratic Party (DP) | Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU) | Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre (NWSC) | The Frontier
Pro-communist / Pro-government:	Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) | Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions (FLU) | Liberal Party (LP) | The Alliance
* Represented in the Legislative Council