The articular is a bone in the lower jaw of most tetrapods, including reptiles, birds, and amphibians, but has become a middle ear bone (the malleus) in mammals. It is the site of articulation between the lower jaw and the skull, and is connected to two other lower jaw bones, the suprangular and the angular. The malleus is hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. ... A jaw bone found in most land vertebrates, except mammals. ... This is a large bone in the lower jaw of amphibians, birds and reptiles, which is connected to all other lower jaw bones: the dentary (which is the entire lower jaw in mammals), the splenial, the suprangular, and the articular. ...
Articular cartilage is living tissue, but it has limited potential for growth and repair.
As with all tissue, the potential for growth and repair of articular cartilage decreases with age.
Loss of articular cartilage increases the amount of stress on the ends of the bones resulting in the growth of bone spurs, or osteophytes, at the margins of the joint.
The articular cartilage xenograft of claim 19, wherein at least a portion of the capping molecules are a plurality of fucosyl molecules.
Accordingly, the articular cartilage xenograft produced in accordance with the method of the invention is substantially non-immunogenic, while generally maintaining the mechanical properties of native articular cartilage.
Prior to implantation, the articular cartilage xenograft of the invention may be treated with limited digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as ficin or trypsin to increase tissue flexibility or coated with anticalcification agents, antithrombotic coatings, antibiotics, growth factors, or other drugs which may enhance the incorporation of the xenograft into the recipient knee joint.
Feeds |
Contact