A Mississauga Transit bus in Mississauga Ontario.

Articulated buses, also known as bendy or accordion buses^{[citation needed]} (UK), have an increased passenger capacity. Found almost exclusively in public transportation use, these buses are usually around 60 feet (18 meters) long, while a regular bus is 35 to 45 feet (11 to 14 meters). To make them nimble enough to safely navigate streets at their increased length, they are fitted with an extra pair of wheels and a joint (usually located slightly behind the midpoint of the bus, behind the second pair of wheels). Some models of articulated buses have a steering arrangement on the rearmost axle which turns slightly in opposition to the front steering axle, which allows the vehicle to negotiate turns in a somewhat crab-like fashion, an arrangement similar to that used on long hook-and-ladder fire trucks operating in city environments. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 158 KB) Mississauga Transit New Flyer D60LF at South Common Mall in Mississauga, Ontario. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 158 KB) Mississauga Transit New Flyer D60LF at South Common Mall in Mississauga, Ontario. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... For other uses, see Bus (disambiguation). ... Steering is the term applied to the collection of components, linkages, etc. ... A fire apparatus, fire engine or fire truck usually refers to a vehicle designed to fight fires. ...

Some buses have two joints, and these are called bi-articulated. Their capacity is around 200 and their length about 25m (82 feet). These are exotic and usually run in separate and often auto-guided lanes (quasi-trams or bus rapid transit). Adelaide O-Bahn The guide wheel of a guided bus in Mannheim, Germany A Fastway bus in the guided bus lane on Southgate Avenue, Crawley Guided buses are buses steered for part or all of their route by external means, usually on a dedicated track. ... A CLRV Streetcar in the City of Toronto. ... There is a large number of public transport systems in European towns that fulfill several of the BRT criteria given above, but they are rarely designated as BRT. Bus lanes and exclusive use of key city-centre streets is commonplace, and bus priority on approach to traffic lights is quite...

SMRT Buses operates a fleet of Mercedes-Benz O405Gs, with the latest batch designed by Pininfarina.

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 1961 KB) Summary A Mercedes Benz O405G Habit (Hispano bodied) bendy bus at Bukit Pajang Interchange, SMRT Buses. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 1961 KB) Summary A Mercedes Benz O405G Habit (Hispano bodied) bendy bus at Bukit Pajang Interchange, SMRT Buses. ... SMRT Buses parked in one line at Bukit Panjang Bus Interchange. ... O405 in Viernheim, Germany A SBS Transit Mercedes-Benz O405 in Singapore. ... Pininfarina logo. ...

Advantages and disadvantages

The main benefits of an articulated bus over the double-decker bus are increased stability (lower centre of gravity), lower roadwheel pressure, higher maximum speed, and compatibility with handicapped or elderly people. Accordion buses can be used in some cities with a tram network, while double-deckers sometimes cannot fit under the overhead electric cable; however, there are other cities, such as Berlin, Germany and Croydon (London Borough), United Kingdom, where double-deckers and trams coexist in some areas. Accordion buses are more suitable for mass transit purposes, because they have more doors (usually three dual-lane and one single-lane door or four duals) for rapid exchange of passengers. A London AEC Routemaster, RML 2473 (JJD 473D), on route 7 approaching Ladbroke Grove tube station in April 2002. ... The overhead lines of a Swiss Federal Railways track. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Croydon, Greater London is a major urban town and commercial centre 9. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... A borough is an administrative division used in various countries. ...

Articulated buses also have an accessibility advantage over double-decker buses: people in wheelchairs, with baby buggies, or who are otherwise unable to climb stairs can access the whole bus, and are not limited to only a downstairs deck. For transportation of a baby or toddler there are special vehicles, special car seats, and devices for carrying. ...

A Volvo articulated bus in contract service for Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, operated by Virginia Overland Transportation in 2003

One disadvantage that appears in an articulated bus is the effective power available to it. It is common for articulated buses to use the same engine as non-articulated buses; this leads to a slower speed and acceleration, due to an increase of weight. When used in cities with many slopes (such as Vancouver, B.C., Canada), the vehicle may overheat, leading to stalling in the milder case and a fully fledged fire in the worst case. During 2004 in the early stages of deployment of articulated buses in London, England, there were several fires on the new Mercedes-Benz Citaro buses, which required the temporary withdrawal and modification of the entire fleet. [1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... A school bus contractor is a private company or proprietorship which provides school bus service to a school district or non-public school. ... Aerial view of the Monroe Park Campus looking eastward in the direction of downtown Richmond, Va. ... Nickname: The River City Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (D) Area    - City 62. ... Virginia Overland Transportation was a organization in Virginia in the United States which operated urban-suburban bus lines in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the city in British Columbia, Canada. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Two Mercedes-Benz Citaro-busses in Arriva-colours at De Punt, The Netherlands. ...

In London, another disadvantage to the introduction of 'Accordion buses' is increased fare evasion. Articulated buses in London have three separate entrances, and passengers are expected to pay for their journey in advance. Passengers can do this by validating a pre-paid card called 'Oyster', or by using pre-purchased tickets. Since the introduction of this bus type, many people opt to evade their fare by choosing not to pay for their journey. Passengers simply board the bus via the middle or rear doors. This increase in fare evasion has resulted in Transport for London recruiting an extra 150 Revenue Protection Inspectors, to police revenue collection on the bus network. The Oyster card is a form of electronic ticketing designed for use on Transport for London and National Rail services within the Greater London area of England. ... Transport for London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for the transport system throughout the City of London and Greater London in England. ... Revenue Protection Inspectors (RPIs) or Revenue Protection Officers (RPOs) patrol different forms of public transport, particularly trains, in the United Kingdom issuing penalty fares to passengers who travel without a valid ticket. ...

A further disadvantage in cities with older road layouts comes with difficulties caused by the length of articulated buses, and the turning radius they require in order to negotiate corners. In London, many roads in even central areas lack sufficient lane width and space, and this had led to difficulties in some areas with articulated buses blocking junctions when at bus stops, or having difficulty turning at tight intersections. Some London bus stops have had to be relocated and routes rerouted to accommodate the conversion to articulated buses. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Accordion buses picking up passengers are difficult to pass on a bicycle because of their length. For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ...

c.1970 Noge bodied Pegaso 5035A articulated bus for Chilean T.C.E.

Transantiago articulated bus in Santiago, Chile.

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1920x792, 541 KB)Carrocerías Noge promotional picture of one of its bodies over Pegaso 5035A artic bus chassis for T.C.E. Chile. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1920x792, 541 KB)Carrocerías Noge promotional picture of one of its bodies over Pegaso 5035A artic bus chassis for T.C.E. Chile. ... Classical Pegaso logo Pegaso Diesel road train Pegaso Z-206 handbook cover page (1957) The lightest truck in Pegaso history: the ex-Sava J4 Pick-up Pegaso 2080 artic tractor 1990 Pegaso Trakker 6x4 dumper truck ad 1977 Pegaso range of off-road&special vehicles Pegaso was a Spanish brand... Image File history File linksMetadata Transantiago_bus_articulado. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Transantiago_bus_articulado. ... Transantiago is a future bus rapid transit system that will serve Chiles capital city, Santiago, from October 27, 2005, with full operation planned for October 2006. ... The snowcapped Andes above downtown Santiago Santiago (Spanish:  ) is Chiles capital and largest city. ...

Use

Articulated buses have been used in most European countries for many years, however, they were considered illegal on British roads until 1980. Experiments by South Yorkshire PTE with buses by MAN and Leyland-DAB during 1979 led to the change, but the experiment was abandoned in 1981. Double-decker buses were generally considered less expensive to purchase and operate. The cost of the strengthened deck framing and staircase was more than offset by the additional axle(s) and coupling mechanism of an articulated bus. The additional weight of these components also led to higher operational costs. Modern technology has reduced the weight issues, and the benefits of a continuous low floor allowing easier access and additional entrance doors for smoother loading have seen a reconsideration of the use of articulated buses. Notably in London, they, with their double-decker counterparts, have replaced AEC Routemasters on all routes. Elsewhere in the UK they are generally operated on specific routes to bolster patronage rather than on entire networks. The South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive is the Passenger Transport Executive for South Yorkshire in northern England. ... MAN AG (formerly called Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG) is a German transportation company. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... First London AEC Routemaster, RML 2473 (JJD 473D), on route 7 approaching Ladbroke Grove tube station in April 2002. ...

A typical North American articulated bus (New Flyer D60LF), seen here in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.

In Israel, articulated buses — commonly called long buses — are very common, particularly in Gush Dan and Jerusalem, the two great urban centers of the country. The long buses are considered reliable and useful and they served in Israel since the mid-seventies. During the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, such buses were often targeted by Palestinian terrorists and suicide bombers during rush hours, since a crowded long bus can contain more than 100 passengers. Due to the al-Aqsa Intifada wave of mass bombings, security measures were enforced and today many long buses in Israel are accompanied by a security guard. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1638 KB) Other versions of this file File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Richmond, British Columbia Articulated bus Burrard Station New Flyer Industries Coast Mountain Bus... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1638 KB) Other versions of this file File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Richmond, British Columbia Articulated bus Burrard Station New Flyer Industries Coast Mountain Bus... New Flyer Industries is the leading bus manufacturer in North America, headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba. ... This page is for the city of Richmond, British Columbia. ... Gush Dan (Hebrew: גּוּשׁ דָּן, Standard Hebrew GuÅ¡ Dan) is the name of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area including areas from both the Tel Aviv District and the Central District of Israel on the Mediterranean coast. ... Panoramic view from Mt. ... An urban area is a term used to define an area where there is an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a part of the greater Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between the State of Israel and Palestinian people. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... A suicide bombing is a bomb attack on people or property, committed by a person who knows the explosion will cause his or her own death in addition to the attacks primary purpose (see suicide, suicide weapons). ... Combatants  Israel  Palestinian Authority: Several Palestinian militant groups Commanders Ehud Barak Ariel Sharon Ehud Olmert Yassar Arafat Casualties 1,017 Israeli dead. ... A Security Guard or Security Officer is usually a privately-employed person who is paid (directly or through a security firm) to protect property and/or people. ...

An articulated bus is a long vehicle and usually requires a specially trained driver, as maneuvering can be difficult (particularly reversing). Articulated electric trolleybuses can be difficult to control with engines having momentary peak power in excess of 500 kW (800 hp). The trailer section of a "puller" bendy can be subject to unusual centripetal forces, which can be a discomfort for many people although this is not an issue in "pushers" (see below). Nonetheless the bendy bus is a total success in Budapest, Hungary, where the BKV city transit company has been running more than one thousand of them every single day since the early 1970s. The Hungarian "Volan" companies also run hundreds of articulated buses on intercity lines. Surprisingly, some people still regard any articulated bus as exotic, especially in Asia and the USA where any public transport except for single section buses are almost unknown. Major US exceptions are Philadelphia, New York City, Los Angeles, Orange County, California, San Francisco, Boston (on the Silver Line BRT system and the #39 rail bustitution line), Seattle, and Chicago. In Asia, many major Chinese cities had fleets of articulated buses prior to the late 1990s. Many of these fleets have since been replaced by single section units, with the exception of a few cities, namely Beijing. A maneuver (spelled manoeuvre in Commonwealth English) is a tactical or strategical move or action. ... Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius A trolleybus (also known as electric bus, trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which it draws electricity using two trolley poles. ... kW is a measure of power, kilowatt. ... The horsepower (hp) is the name of several non-metric units of power. ... The centripetal force is the external force required to make the body move in a circular path with uniform speed and directed towards the center. ... Nickname: Paris of the East, Pearl of the Danubeor Queen of the Danube Location of Budapest in Hungary Country Hungary County Pest Mayor Gábor Demszky (SZDSZ) Area    - City 525,16 km²  - Land n/a km²  - Water n/a km² Population    - City (2006) 1,695,000  - Density 3570/km... BKV – the abbreviation BKV stands for its earlier name Budapesti Közlekedési Vállalat; Mass Transport Company of Budapest) is the unified public transport company of the city of Budapest, the capital of Hungary. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613 Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Nickname: City of Angels Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: State California County Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa Area    - City 1,290. ... Official website: http://www. ... Nickname: The City by the Bay; Fog City Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California Coordinates: Country United States of America State California City-County San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom Area    - City 122 km²  (47 sq mi)  - Land 121. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1 Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino (D) Area    - City 232. ... Map The Silver Line is the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authoritys (MBTAs) sole Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line, running in two, unconnected sections, from Dudley Square in Roxbury to downtown Boston, Massachusetts and from South Station to several points in South Boston and to Logan Airport in East Boston. ... There is a large number of public transport systems in European towns that fulfill several of the BRT criteria given above, but they are rarely designated as BRT. Bus lanes and exclusive use of key city-centre streets is commonplace, and bus priority on approach to traffic lights is quite... The E Branch or Arborway Branch is a streetcar line in the Boston, Massachusetts area, operating as a branch of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Green Line. ... The term bustitution is a neologism sometimes used to describe the practice of replacing train service, whether street railways (light rail or tram/streetcar systems) or full-size railway systems, with a bus service, either on a temporary or permanent basis. ... City nickname Emerald City City bird Great Blue Heron City flower Dahlia City mottos The City of Flowers The City of Goodwill City song Seattle, the Peerless City Mayor Greg Nickels County King County Area   - Total   - Land   - Water   - % water 369. ... This article is about Illinois largest city. ... Beijing [English Pronunciation] (Chinese: 北京 [Chinese Pronunciation]; Pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Curitiba, Brazil, began to use articulated buses in 1980 with carrying capacity of 160 passengers. In 1992, the articulated buses were substituted by the bi-articulated buses, increasing passenger capacity to 270. Curitiba seen from above Curitiba is the capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. In 2005 it had a population of approximately 1,757,904 people. ...

Types of buses

Bi-articulated bus in Hamburg, Germany

Bendy buses can be of pusher or puller configuration. In pusher buses only the rear (C) axle is powered by a rear-mounted engine and the longitudinal stability of the vehicle is maintained by active hydraulics mounted under the turntable. This modern system makes it possible to build entire length low-floor buses without any steps, which simplifies access for passengers with limited mobility. In puller bendy buses the diesel engine is mounted under the floor, between the front and middle (A and B) axles and only the B axle is powered. This is an outdated design, which prohibits floor levels lower than approximately 750 mm (30 in) and causes passengers discomfort due to high noise and vibration levels. On the other hand, the puller bendy bus is cheaper to make and can be used in very narrow or severely pot-holed streets. Also, modern, low-floor pusher articulated buses usually suffer from suspension problems, because their wheels cannot have enough travel to absorb street unevenness, leading to passenger discomfort and relatively rapid disintegration of the superstructure (unless the road network is overhauled and constantly maintained to near-racetrack standards). During late 2003/early 2004, a series of onboard fires on newly delivered Mercedes-Benz Citaros led to Londoners humorously nicknaming the vehicles Chariots of Fire. Mercedes-Benz quickly addressed the problem, although the vehicles were out of service for a period. Image File history File links from DE Wiki, GNU Original description: Doppelgelenkbus von Van Hool (Länge: 24,80 m) GNU-FDL, selbst fotografiert File links The following pages link to this file: Van Hool ... Image File history File links from DE Wiki, GNU Original description: Doppelgelenkbus von Van Hool (Länge: 24,80 m) GNU-FDL, selbst fotografiert File links The following pages link to this file: Van Hool ... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... A colorized automobile engine The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ... Hydraulics is a branch of science and engineering concerned with the use of liquids to perform mechanical tasks. ... A Diesel engine built by MAN AG in 1906 Rudolf Diesels 1893 patent on his engine design The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter), symbol mm is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... Mid-19th century tool for converting between different standards of the inch An inch is an Imperial and U.S. customary unit of length. ... Environmental Noise is unwanted sound, which may cause both nuisance and damage to health. ... Oscillation is the variation, typically in time, of some measure as seen, for example, in a swinging pendulum. ... The front suspension components of a Ford Model T. Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. ... Alternative use: Race track Racetrack is a pencil and paper game, nominally for two players. ... Two Mercedes-Benz Citaro-busses in Arriva-colours at De Punt, The Netherlands. ... This article is about the film. ...

A diesel-electric hybrid powered New Flyer DE60LF in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

Although the majority of bendy buses are diesel powered, a number of operators are adopting compressed natural gas power to reduce pollution. In North America, many transit authorities are adopting bendy buses that are diesel-electric hybrid powered, such as the New Flyer DE60LF or the North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1226x580, 326 KB) A Rapid Ride bus in Albuquerque, New Mexico. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1226x580, 326 KB) A Rapid Ride bus in Albuquerque, New Mexico. ... This article is about the largest city of New Mexico. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... A CNG propelled autorickshaw on the streets of New Delhi, Delhi. ... For the common automotive term of hybrid vehichle see: Petroleum electric hybrid vehicle A hybrid vehicle (HV) is a vehicle that uses two distinct power sources such as : an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion Human powered bicycle with battery assist... New Flyer Industries is the leading bus manufacturer in North America, headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba. ... North American Bus Industries, commonly known as NABI, is a major transit bus manufacturing company based in Anniston, Alabama and was linked to Ikarus Bus and Crown Coach joint venture. ...

Students boarding O-Bahn buses in Adelaide, South Australia.

A typical puller bendy is Ikarus 280, the articulated version of the Ikarus 260, from Hungary, with more than 200,000 buses manufactured between 1973-2000, mostly for Soviet bloc customers. Well-known makers of pusher-type articulated buses include Mercedes-Benz, Renault Agora and Volvo. There are very few companies that specialize in manufacturing the articulated section for the buses. One company that does is ATG Autotechnik GmbH in Siek near Hamburg. Image File history File links Obahn_students_klemzig. ... Image File history File links Obahn_students_klemzig. ... The Adelaide O-Bahn, at Parsons Road, Dernancourt. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... Emblems: Hairy Nosed Wombat (faunal); Leafy Seadragon (marine); Piping Shrike (bird: unofficial); Sturts Desert Pea (floral); Opal (gemstone) Motto: United for the Common Wealth Slogan or Nickname: Festival State Other Australian states and territories Capital Adelaide Government Const. ... Ikarus type 260. ... During the Cold War, the Eastern Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) comprised the following Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Albania (until the early 1960s, see below), the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia. ... This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ... Renault S.A. is a French vehicle manufacturer producing cars, vans, buses, tractors, and trucks. ... AB Volvo (or Aktiebolaget Volvo) is a world-leading Swedish manufacturer of commercial vehicles, trucks, buses and construction equipment, drive systems for marine and industrial applications, aerospace components and financial services. ... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ...

Bi-articulated buses

The Belgian manufacturer Van Hool offers a bi-articulated bus of 25 m length with a capacity of about 180 passengers. In September 2002, fifteen were deployed on lines 11 and 12 in the Dutch city of Utrecht, connecting the downtown railway station to office, college and university buildings at the edge of the city.^[2] More have been added since. These buses are also used in the German cities of Hamburg (Metrobus 5) and Aachen (lines 5 and 45), where single articulated buses alone were not able to handle the huge amount of passengers per day. Van Hool NV is a Belgian coachbuilder and manufacturer of buses, coaches and trailers. ... 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for September, 2002. ... Utrecht ( (help· info)) is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. ... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... Oche redirects here; in darts the oche is the line from which players must throw. ...

Volvo have made a few bi-articulated buses running in Gothenburg. They are based on their pusher articulated low-floor bus model with the engine mounted on the floor on the side of the bus, and the cooling system on the roof. AB Volvo (or Aktiebolaget Volvo) is a world-leading Swedish manufacturer of commercial vehicles, trucks, buses and construction equipment, drive systems for marine and industrial applications, aerospace components and financial services. ... Location of Gothenburg in northern Europe Coordinates: Country Sweden County Västra Götaland County Province Västergötland Charter 1621 Mayor Göran Johansson Area    - City 450 km²  (174 sq mi)  - Water 14,5 km² (5,6 sq mi)  3,2%  - Urban 199 km² (77 sq mi)  - Metro 3717...

The Brazilian bus body manufacturer Induscar CAIO has made many bi-articulated buses on top of Volvo chassis. They are currently used in São Paulo (without air conditioning) and Curitiba (with air conditioning). Those buses, called 'Top Bus' by Induscar, were nicknamed 'metrô sobre pneus' ('metro over tires') in Curitiba, and 'Martão' (something like 'Big Marta') in São Paulo, as a reference to the mayor Marta Suplicy, whose public transport program, Interligado, included those buses. AB Volvo (or Aktiebolaget Volvo) is a world-leading Swedish manufacturer of commercial vehicles, trucks, buses and construction equipment, drive systems for marine and industrial applications, aerospace components and financial services. ... A chassis (plural: chassis) consists of a framework which supports an inanimate object, analogous to an animals skeleton; for example in the construction of an automobile or of a firearm. ... The title of this article contains the character ã. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Sao Paulo. ... Curitiba seen from above Curitiba is the capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. In 2005 it had a population of approximately 1,757,904 people. ... Marta Suplicy (1945-) is a Brazilian politician and psychologist graduted to the Michigan State University (1966-1968), PUC-SP (1969-1975); and post-graduated to Stanford University (1973). ...

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Articulated buses

The first city in the world to use the bi-articulated bus is Curitiba, Brazil. They began in 1992 with buses that can carry 270 passengers. Each bi-articulated bus contains 5 doors where passengers can quickly load and unload. These buses (along with other bus routes in Curitiba) were the first to stop on tube stations. These stations allow passengers to pre-pay the fare and enter the vehicle at level, allowing Curitiba's bus system to be a much more affordable solution compared to subway. Curitiba has over 170 bi-articulated buses circulating the city along 5 major structural axis of dedicated bus lanes. These buses come by on average every 50 seconds during peak hours. Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Curitiba seen from above Curitiba is the capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. In 2005 it had a population of approximately 1,757,904 people. ... Curitiba seen from above Curitiba is the capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. In 2005 it had a population of approximately 1,757,904 people. ... Slight modifications to the famous London Underground roundel indicate the name of each station on platform and outdoor signs. ... Curitiba seen from above Curitiba is the capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. In 2005 it had a population of approximately 1,757,904 people. ...

Double-decker articulated buses

A 1992 Neoplan Jumbocruiser

A few attempts have been made to create a double-decker articulated bus. Neoplan built a handful of Jumbocruisers between 1975 and 1992. In these models, it is only possible to move between the two parts via the upper deck, so they have separate doors and two sets of stairs. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2118x651, 122 KB) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2118x651, 122 KB) (All user names refer to en. ... An articulated Neoplan bus arrives at the Silver Spring Metro station in Silver Spring, Maryland on February 9, 2005. ... The last ever built Neoplan Jumbocruiser totally redesigned Neoplan Jumbocruiser was an articulated double-deck coach built by Neoplan between 1975 and 1992. ...

Reference

1. ↑  Het GVU - Openbaar Vervoer in Utrecht en omgeving. Retrieved on June 2, 2006.

Articulated buses became popular in mainland Europe as a means of increasing capacity, In many cities lower railway bridge clearances have precluded the use of double deck vehicles and they have never gained great popularity there. Overhead wires for trams. trolleybuses etc. are not really relevant as the minimum normal clearance above road level is standard across the EU and is well clear of a double deck vehicle (otherwise many goods vehicles would have severe problems). June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The recent popularity of articulated buses in the UK is because any double deck vehicle must be full seated upstairs. This limits the capacity to around 80 - 90 depending on the seating layout downstairs. An artic single deck vehicle can be mainly of 'standee' configuration with a much lower percentage of people seated than a double deck vehicle. This however gives it a much higher capacity (120 - 140) for an 18 metre vehicle. With the same one driver, this should notionally reduce the cost per passenger kilometre although their multi door design does present very real challenges in ensuring that all revenue is actually collected! The vehicles are also more expensive to buy and maintain and use more fuel than conventional double deck buses so it may be some time before the true economics of their operation can be assessed.

External link

• Steering Considerations & Engine Placements
• Articulated / Bendy Bus Interior Photo