NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Articulated tram

Rail transport

Operations
Stations
Trains
Locomotives
Rolling stock
History
Terminology
By country
Disasters
Modelling Railway tracks. ... Rail transport is the transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... A rail transport or railroad system is a complex synergy of components which may be classified into two groups: extrinsic factors and intrinsic factors. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street station in 1865. ... For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). ... A locomotive (from Latin loco motivus) is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train, and has no payload capacity of its own; its sole purpose is to move the train along the tracks. ... Not to be confused with railcar. ... The history of rail transport dates back nearly 500 years, and includes systems with man or horse power and rails of wood or stone. ... Rail terminology is a form of technical terminology. ... This page provides an index of articles on Rail transport by country. ... Model railroading (US) or Railway modelling (UK) is a hobby in which rail transport systems are modeled at a reduced scale, or ratio. ...
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TW2000 car in Hanover

Volkswagen Cargo-Tram in Dresden on a section of grassed track. It delivers parts to the Transparent Factory

Gothenburg's popular trams travel the wide streets (the one shown here is a vintage tram, in the far back a more modern version is visible)

A tram, tramcar, trolley, streetcar, or street railway is a railborne vehicle, lighter than a train, designed for the transport of passengers (and/or, very occasionally, freight) within, close to, or between villages, towns and/or cities. Trams are distinguishable from other forms of rail-borne vehicles in that they travel wholly or partly along tracks laid down in streets, usually on track reserved for the tram system. Also, most tram systems lack platforms; riders simply step off the car. This feature of trams enables virtually complete integration with other forms of transport and pedestrians making simultaneous use of the streets. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1131x840, 194 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Tram TW 2000 Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1131x840, 194 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Tram TW 2000 Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... The TW 2000 is a Stadtbahn vehicle in operation on the Hanover Stadtbahn network in Hanover, Germany. ... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1064x838, 117 KB) The Volkswagen Cargo-Tram delivers parts to the Transparent Factory in Dresden. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1064x838, 117 KB) The Volkswagen Cargo-Tram delivers parts to the Transparent Factory in Dresden. ... Volkswagen (Ger. ... From left to right: BrÃ¼hls Terrace; the Hofkirche and the castle; the Semper Opera House. ... Tram tracks are used on tramways, which, together with points, and grooved rails guide tramcars without the need for steering and make street running feasable. ... Transparent Factory Transparent Factory is the English name of an automobile production plant owned by German carmaker Volkswagen and opened in 2002. ... Image File history File links Author: de:Benutzer:Stern GÃ¶teborg, 2002-07 / selbstfotografiert / der GNU-Lizenz unterstellt Von Deutschen Wikipedia (Bild:GÃ¶teborg. ... Image File history File links Author: de:Benutzer:Stern GÃ¶teborg, 2002-07 / selbstfotografiert / der GNU-Lizenz unterstellt Von Deutschen Wikipedia (Bild:GÃ¶teborg. ... Gothenburg (Swedish: ) ) is a city and municipality in the province VÃ¤stergÃ¶tland on the west-coast of Sweden. ... Not to be confused with railcar. ... Vehicles are non-living means of transportation. ... For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). ...

Tram systems were common throughout the industrialized world in the early 20th century. Although they disappeared from many cities for many years in mid-century, in recent years they have made a comeback. Many newer light rail systems share features with trams, although a distinction is usually drawn between them, especially if the line has significant off-street running. An example is Portland, Oregon, where MAX light rail operates together with the Portland Streetcar. This article is about light rail systems in general. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Roses, Stumptown, Bridgetown Location Location in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Oregon Multnomah County Mayor Tom Potter Geographical characteristics Area City 145. ... Metropolitan Area Express (MAX) is a light rail system in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. ... A streetcar at the corner of SW 11th and Alder. ...

Etymology

The terms "tram" and "tramway" were originally Scots and Northern English words for the type of container used in coal mines and the tracks on which these container ran — probably derived from a North Sea Germanic word of unknown origin meaning the "beam or shaft of a barrow or sledge", also "a barrow" or container body. Northern English is a group of dialects of the English language. ... Wyoming coal mine Coal mining is the extraction of coal from the Earth for use as fuel. ...

Although "tram" and "tramway" have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English, with North American use generally preferring "trolley" or "streetcar". The sense of "streetcar" is first recorded in 1860, and is a North American usage, as is "trolley," which derives from the trolley pole that collects live power from an overhead wire or cable, sometimes simply strung, sometimes as catenary. The trolley pole in turn derived its name from the "trolley wheel" that was formerly the chief means of contact between car and wire as the wheel "trolled" behind the moving car. Modern trolleys often do not use a trolley wheel (using a metal shoe with a carbon insert instead) or even a trolley pole, a pantograph being the preferred means of contact. Other streetcars are sometimes called trolleys, even though this may be technically incorrect, as for a cable car or a conduit car that drew power from an underground power supply. Trolley poles are usually tapered cylindrical poles of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a live overhead wire to the control and propulsion equipment of a trolley car, tram or trolley bus. ... An electric multiple unit pulling into Tile Hill station; Coventry, England. ... A cable is two or more wires or optical fibers bound together, typically in a common protective jacket or sheath. ... Catenary is a system of overhead wires used to supply electrical power to a locomotive, streetcar, or light rail vehicle. ... A pantograph is a device that collects electric current from overhead lines for electric trains or trams. ... A conduit car was an electric streetcar (tram) that drew power from an underground third rail, rather than from overhead wire, a wayside energized rail, or an on-board battery. ...

Tourist buses made to look like a streetcar are also sometimes called trolleys; see tourist trolley. Likewise, open, low-speed segmented vehicles on rubber tires, generally used to ferry tourists short distances, can be called trams, particularly in the U.S.; a famous example is the tram on the Universal Studios tour. A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ... An early motorized bus - a Benz truck modified by Netphener company (1895) A bus is a large automobile intended to carry numerous persons in addition to the driver and sometimes a conductor. ... A Tourist trolley, also called a road trolley, is a bus (usually diesel fueled) made to resemble an old-style streetcar. ... The Backlot Tour is an attraction at the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park. ...

Electric buses, which still overwhelmingly use twin trolley poles (one for live current, one for return) are called trolleybuses, trackless trolleys (particularly in the U.S.), or sometimes also trolleys. The article on electrical energy is located elsewhere. ... Trolleybus public transfer in Bratislava, Slovakia A trolleybus (also known as electric bus, trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which it draws electricity using two trolley poles. ...

History

A horse tramway in Gdańsk, Poland

Appearing in the first half of the 19th century, trams were at first pulled by horses. Image File history File links Gdansk_tramwaj_konny. ... Image File history File links Gdansk_tramwaj_konny. ... GdaÅ„sk (Polish pronunciation: (?); German: ; Kashubian: GduÅ„sk; Latin: Gedania; older English Dantzig also other languages) is the sixth-largest city in Poland, and also its principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodship. ...

The first trams, known as streetcars in north America, or horsecars, that were built in the United States, and developed from city stagecoach lines and omnibus lines that picked up and dropped off passengers on a regular route and without the need to be pre-hired. These first lines operated in Baltimore, Maryland in 1828, in 1832 on the New York and Harlem Railroad in New York City, and in 1834 in New Orleans, Louisiana. At first the rails protruded above street level, causing accidents and major trouble for pedestrians. They were supplanted in 1852 by grooved rails or girder rails, invented by Alphonse Loubat. The first tram in France was inaugurated in 1853 for the upcoming World's Fair, where a test line was presented along the Cours de la Reine, in the 8th arrondissement. A horsecar was an animal-powered streetcar (or tram). ... Buffalo soldiers guard a Concord style stagecoach somewhere in the American West, ca. ... An early motorized bus - a Benz truck modified by Netphener company (1895) A bus is a large automobile intended to carry numerous persons in addition to the driver and sometimes a conductor. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Monument City (by John Quincy Adams on a visit in 1827), Charm City, Mob Town, B-more Motto: The Greatest City in America (formerly The City That Reads; BELIEVE is not the official motto but rather a specific campaign) Location Location of Baltimore in Maryland Coordinates , Government... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... An 1847 map of Lower Manhattan; the only railroad in Manhattan is the New York and Harlem Railroad. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Big Apple Location Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,214. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Crescent City, The Big Easy, The City That Care Forgot Location Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates , Government Country State Parish United States Louisiana Orleans Parish, Louisiana Founded 1718 Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 350. ... Light rail tracks with concrete railroad ties (aka sleepers). ... Alphonse Loubat invented the grooved rail in 1852. ... Images of the Palais dIndustrie The Exposition Universelle of 1855 was a Worlds Fair held in Paris, France. ... The 8e arrondissement is one of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, France. ...

These trams were an animal railway, usually using horses and sometimes mules to haul the cars, usually two as a team. Rarely other animals were tried, including humans in emergencies. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In its common modern meaning, a mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. ...

An historic German tram

One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails, allowing the animals to haul a greater load for a given effort. Problems included the fact that any given animal could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for day in and day out, and produced prodigious amounts of manure, which the streetcar company was charged with disposing of. Since a typical horse pulled a car for perhaps a dozen miles a day and worked for four or five hours, many systems needed ten or more horses in stable for each horsecar. New York City had the last regular horsecar lines in the U.S., closing in 1914. A mule-powered line in Celaya, Mexico operated until 1956. Horse-drawn trams still operate in Douglas, Isle of Man. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction, is the resistance that occurs when an object (e. ... The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ... Animal manure is often a mixture of animals faeces and bedding straw, as in this example from a stable. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Celaya is a city in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, located at 20Â°52â€²N 100Â°82â€²W. It is the third most populous city in the state, with an estimated population of about 382,958 in 2000. ... Location within the British Isles Douglas (Doolish in Manx) is the capital of the Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin) and its largest town. ...

The tram developed after that in numerous cities of Europe (London, Berlin, Paris, etc.). Faster and more comfortable than the omnibus, trams had a high cost of operation because they were pulled by horses. That is why mechanical drives were rapidly developed, with steam power in 1873, and electrical after 1881, when Siemens AG presented the electric drive at the International Electricity Exhibition in Paris. For other uses, see London (disambiguation). ... This article is about Germanys largest city. ... The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city, as viewed from the TrocadÃ©ro This article is about the capital and largest city in France. ... A steam engine is a heat engine that makes use of the potential energy that exists as pressure in steam, converting it to mechanical work. ... The article on electrical energy is located elsewhere. ... Siemens AG (FWB:SIE, NYSE: SI) is the worlds largest electronics company. ...

The convenience and economy of electricity resulted in its rapid adoption once the technical problems of production and transmission of electricity were solved.

The word's first electric tram opened in Lichterfelde near Berlin, Germany, in 1881. It was built by Werner von Siemens. (see Berlin Straßenbahn). This article is about Germanys largest city. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Ernst Werner von Siemens Ernst Werner von Siemens (December 13, 1816 - December 6, 1892) was a German inventor and industrialist. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Berlin StraÃŸenbahn Berlins first tram ran in 1865 from Kupfergraben to Charlottenburg. ...

Steam trams

The first form of mechanical trams were operated using mobile steam engines. Generally, there were two types of steam trams. The first and most common had a small steam locomotive at the head of a line of one or more carriages, similar to a small train. Systems with such steam trams included Christchurch, New Zealand and Sydney, Australia. In the U.S. they were called dummies and ran on the same gauge tracks as horse or mule powered cars. Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the third largest urban area in the country. ... The Sydney Opera House is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, and since its opening it has become an international symbol of Sydney Sydney (pronounced ) is the state capital of New South Wales, located on the east coast of Australia. ...

The other style of steam tram had the steam engine mounted in the body of the tram. The most notable system to adopt such trams was in Paris. A major drawback on this style of tram was the limited space for the engine, meaning these trams were usually underpowered. A photograph of a steam tram which operated in Rockhampton, in the Australian state of Queensland, can be seen here. Mayor Margaret Strelow Area 187 kmÂ² Population 59,120 (2003) (ABS) Time zone UTC + 10 Latitude Longitude Rockhampton (or Rocky as it is known by the locals) is a small city and Local Government Area in Central Queensland, Australia, located slightly inland from the coast on the Bruce Highway, approximately... Emblems: Faunal - Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); Floral - Cooktown orchid (Dendrobium bigibbum); Bird - Brolga (Grus rubicunda); Aquatic - Barrier Reef Anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos); Gem - Sapphire; Colour - Maroon Motto: Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Const. ...

Cable pulled cars

A cable car in San Francisco

Main article: Cable car (railway) Download high resolution version (1524x2032, 767 KB)A San Francisco cable car in December, 2004. ... Download high resolution version (1524x2032, 767 KB)A San Francisco cable car in December, 2004. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Cable Car in San Francisco A San Francisco cable car A cable car or cable railway is a mass transit system using rail cars that are propelled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. ...

The next type of tram was the cable car, which sought to reduce labor costs and the hardship on animals. Cable cars are pulled along a rail track by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed on which individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping this cable as required. The power to move the cable is provided at a site away from the actual operation. The first cable car line in the United States was tested in San Francisco, California in 1873. The second city to operate cable trams was Dunedin in New Zealand in 1881. Dunedin's cable trams ceased operation in 1957. Railroad or railway tracks are used on railways, which, together with railroad switches (points), guide trains without the need for steering. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The City by the Bay; The City That Knows How; Golden Mountain (historic Chinese name) Location Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California Coordinates , Government City-County San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom Geographical characteristics Area City 600. ... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calaber). ... Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, located in coastal Otago. ...

Cable cars suffered from high infrastructure costs, since a vast and expensive system of cables, pulleys, stationary engines and vault structures between the rails had to be provided. They also require strength and skill to operate, to avoid obstructions and other cable cars. The cable had to be dropped at particular locations and the cars coast, for example when crossing another cable line. After the development of electrically-powered trams, the more costly cable car systems declined rapidly. A cable is two or more wires or optical fibers bound together, typically in a common protective jacket or sheath. ... Pulleys on a ship. ... A stationary engine is an engine that does not move. ...

Cable cars were especially useful in hilly cities, partially explaining their survival in San Francisco, though the most extensive cable system in the U.S. was in Chicago, Illinois, a much flatter city. The largest cable system in the world which operated in the flat city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia had, at its peak, 592 trams running on 74 kilometres of track. This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 606. ... Melbourne is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 3. ... Emblems: Pink heath (floral) helmeted honeyeater (bird) Leadbeaters possum (faunal) Motto: Peace and Prosperity Slogan or Nickname: Garden State, The Place To Be, On The Move Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Government Governor Premier Const. ...

The San Francisco cable cars, though significantly reduced in number, continue to perform a regular transportation function, in addition to being a tourist attraction. San Francisco Cable Car No. ...

Other power sources

In some parts of the United Kingdom, other forms of power were used to power the tram. Hastings and some other small tramways used Petrol driven trams and Lytham St Annes used gas powered trams. Paris successfully operated trams that were powered by compressed air. For other uses, see Hastings (disambiguation). ...

Electric trams (trolley cars)

A historic postcard showing electric-powered trolley streetcars in Richmond, Virginia, where Frank J. Sprague successfully demonstrated his new system on the hills in 1888

Tramways on ice of the River Neva in Saint Petersburg

Appleton, Wisconsin was the first city in the world to have an electric trolley mass transit system. It drew its power from the world's first hydroelectric power station, which began operating on September 30, 1882 as the Appleton Edison Electric Company. The trolley system operated from 1886 until 1930^{[citation needed]}. 8th & Broad Streets, Richmond, Virginia The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... 8th & Broad Streets, Richmond, Virginia The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Flag Seal Nickname: River City Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra Location Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Virginia Independent City Mayor L. Douglas Wilder Geographical characteristics Area City 62. ... Frank Julian Sprague (1857-1934) American inventor, Father of Electric Traction Frank Julian Sprague (1857–1934) was an American naval officer and inventor who contributed to the development of the electric motor, electric railways, and electric elevators. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Piter_ice_tram. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Piter_ice_tram. ... The River Neva (ÐÐµÐ²Ð°Ì) is a 74 km long Russian river flowing from Lake Ladoga (Ð›Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð¶ÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ ÐžÐ·ÐµÑ€Ð¾ â€” Ladozhskoye Ozero) through the Karelian Isthmus (ÐšÐ°Ñ€ÐµÐ»ÑŒÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÐŸÐµÑ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐµÐº â€” Karelskii Peresheyek) and the city of Saint Petersburg (Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ‚ â€” ÐŸÐµÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð±ÑƒÑ€Ð³ â€” Sankt Peterburg) to the Gulf of Finland (Ð¤Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð—Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð² â€” Finskii Zaliv). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Appleton is a city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, on the Fox River, 100 miles (161 km) northwest of Milwaukee. ... Hydroelectricity is a form of hydropower used to produce electricity. ...

Electric-powered trams (trolley cars, so called for the trolley pole used to gather power from an unshielded overhead wire), were first successfully tested in service in Richmond, Virginia in 1888, in an installation by Frank J. Sprague. There were earlier commercial installations of electric streetcars, including one in Berlin, as early as 1881 by Werner von Siemens and the company that still bears his name, and also one in Saint Petersburg, Russia, invented and tested by Fiodor A. Pirotskiy in 1880. Another was by John Joseph Wright, brother of the famous mining entrepreneur Whitaker Wright, in Toronto in 1883. The earlier installations, however, proved difficult and/or unreliable. Siemens' line, for example, provided power through a live rail and a return rail, like a model train setup, limiting the voltage that could be used, and providing unwanted excitement to people and animals crossing the tracks. Siemens later designed his own method of current collection, this time from an overhead wire, called the bow collector. Once this had been developed his cars became equal to, if not better than, any of Sprague's cars. The first electric interurban line connecting St. Catharines and Thorold, Ontario was deployed in 1887, and was considered quite successful at the time. While this line proved quite versatile as one of the earliest fully functional electric streetcar installations, it still required horse-drawn support while climbing the Niagara Escarpment and for two months of the winter when hydroelectricity was not available. This line continued service in its original form well into the 1960s. This article refers to the mass transit vehicle running on rails. ... Trolley poles are usually tapered cylindrical poles of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a live overhead wire to the control and propulsion equipment of a trolley car, tram or trolley bus. ... Flag Seal Nickname: River City Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra Location Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Virginia Independent City Mayor L. Douglas Wilder Geographical characteristics Area City 62. ... Frank Julian Sprague (1857-1934) American inventor, Father of Electric Traction Frank Julian Sprague (1857–1934) was an American naval officer and inventor who contributed to the development of the electric motor, electric railways, and electric elevators. ... Werner von Siemens Ernst Werner von Siemens (December 13, 1816 â€“ December 6, 1892) was a German inventor and industrialist. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Whitaker Wright (1846-1904) was an English company promoter, and elder brother of electrical engineer John Joseph Wright (1847-1922) He was born James Whitaker Wright in Stafford, England, the son of James Wright (1815-1870), a dissenting Methodist Minister, and Matilda Whitaker (1815-1890), a tailors daughter. ... This article needs cleanup. ... International danger high voltage symbol. ... An old tram with a bow collector built in 1907 still running in Oberbozen, South Tyrol, Italy A bow collector is one of the three main devices used on tramcars to transfer electric current from the wires above to the tram below, the other devices being the pantograph and trolley... An interurban, also called a radial railway in Canada, is a streetcar line running between urban areas or from urban to rural areas. ... Motto: Template:Unhide = Industry and Liberality Location City Information Established: Settled in 1797 Incorporated in 1845 Area: 97. ... Categories: Canada geography stubs | Cities in Ontario ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (French has some legal status but is not fully co-official) Flower White trillium Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats... Rattlesnake Point near Milton, Ontario. ... Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator. ...

Since Sprague's installation was the first to prove successful in all conditions, he is credited with being the inventor of the trolley car. An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ...

A 1925 vintage British tram, a common sight until the 1950s

Two rare but significant alternatives were conduit current collection, which was widely used in London, and the Dolter Stud Collection method, used in Wolverhampton and Hastings, UK. Download high resolution version (700x649, 165 KB)A vintage British tram. ... Download high resolution version (700x649, 165 KB)A vintage British tram. ... A vintage car is commonly defined as a car built between the start of 1919 and the end of 1930. ... Conduit current collection was a system of current collection used by electric trams where the power supply was located in a channel under the roadway, rather than located overhead. ... For other uses, see London (disambiguation). ... Wolverhampton is an city and metropolitan borough in the English West Midlands, traditionally part of the county of Staffordshire. ... For other uses, see Hastings (disambiguation). ...

A very famous Welsh example of a tram system was usually known as the Mumbles Train, or more formally as the Swansea and Mumbles Railway. Originally built as the Oystermouth Railway in 1804, on March 25, 1807 it became the first passenger-carrying railway in the world. Converted to an overhead cable-supplied system it operated electric cars from March 2, 1929 until its closure on January 5, 1960. These were the largest tram cars built for use in Britain and could each seat 106 passengers. In 1804 the British Parliament approved the laying of a railway line between Swansea and Oystermouth in South Wales, and in the autumn of that year the first tracks were laid. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

Golden Age

Trams experienced a rapid expansion at the start of the 20th century until the period between the two world wars. There was a rapid increase in the number of lines and increase in the number of riders: indeed, it became the primary mode of urban transportation. Horse-drawn transport virtually disappeared in all European, American and Indian cities by 1910. Buses were still in a development phase at this time, gaining in mechanical reliability, but remaining behind compared to the benefits offered by trams; the automobile was still reserved for the well-to-do. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Disappearance from many cities

A Philadelphia PCC trolley car in 1965

The advent of personal motor vehicles and the improvements in motorized buses caused the rapid disappearance of the tram from most western and Asian countries by the end of the 1950s. Continuing technical improvements in buses made them more reliable, and a serious competitor to trams because they did not require the construction of costly infrastructure. [1] Download high resolution version (800x637, 69 KB)Philadelphia, PA PCC trolley car in the plaza in front of the entrance to the subway-surface system in 1965 © This image is copyrighted. ... Download high resolution version (800x637, 69 KB)Philadelphia, PA PCC trolley car in the plaza in front of the entrance to the subway-surface system in 1965 © This image is copyrighted. ...

In many cases postwar buses also provided a smoother ride and a faster journey than the older, pre-war trams. For example, the tram network survived in Budapest but for a considerable period of time bus fares were higher to recognise the superior quality of the buses.

Governments thus put investment principally into bus networks. Indeed, infrastructure for roads and highways meant for the automobile were perceived as a mark of progress. The priority given to roads is illustrated in the proposal of French president Georges Pompidou who declared in 1971 that "the city must adapt to the car". Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (July 5, 1911 â€“ April 2, 1974) was President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974. ...

Tram networks were no longer maintained or modernized, a state of affairs that served to discredit them in the eyes of the public. Old lines, considered archaic, were then bit by bit replaced by buses.

Tram networks disappeared almost completely from North America, France, the UK, India, and altogether from Ireland, Turkey, Spain and South Africa. On the other hand, they were generally retained or modernized in most communist countries, as well as Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, and Japan. In France and the UK, only the networks in Lille, Saint-Etienne, Marseille, and Blackpool survive from this period, but they are each reduced to a single line. Australian tram networks disappeared by the 1973, with the exception of the extensive system in Melbourne and the Glenelg line in Adelaide, however, Ballarat retains a tram for tourists and Bendigo still has a Talking tram. Geelong maintained an electric tram service from 1912 until 1956. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ... t* Autoroute A22 : Lille - Antwerp - Netherlands A sixth oher ejt weoitjh w newr0tipew roj40=9 dfiojg b o4it orpitre royieoy i53 -y035 3[49430ne â€” the proposed A24 â€” will link Amiens to Lille if built, but there is opposition to its route. ... I/Introduction Saint-Etienne is a city located in the Massif Central (center of France), near Lyon. ... city flag coat of arms Motto: By her great deeds, Marseille shines in the world Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 16 arrondissements (in 8 secteurs) DÃ©partement Bouches-du-RhÃ´ne (13) RÃ©gion Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur Mayor Jean-Claude Gaudin (UMP) (since 1995... This article is about the town in England. ... A depiction of one of the H-class Glenelg trams by Simon Lieschke. ... Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. ... Ballarat is a city in regional Victoria, Australia, approximately 120 kilometres north-west of Melbourne, with a population of 84,000 people. ... Bendigo is a large regional town in central Victoria, Australia, located in the City of Greater Bendigo. ... Moorabool St, Geelong A view of Corio Bay from Moorabool Street. ...

Return to grace

The priority given to personal vehicles and notably to the automobile led to a loss in quality of life, particularly in large cities where smog, traffic congestion, sound pollution and parking became problematic. Acknowledging this, some authorities saw fit to redefine their transport policies. The bus had shown its limits on account of its low capacity and its difficult coexistence with automobile traffic, which made it slow both on the road and commercially. Subways required a heavy investment and presented problems in terms of subterranean spaces that required constant security. For subways, the investment was mainly in underground construction, which made it impossible in some cities (with underground water reserves, archaeological remains, etc.). Subway construction thus was not a universal panacea. Victorian London was notorious for its thick smogs, or pea-soupers, a fact that is often recreated to add an air of mystery to a period costume drama. ... Traffic jams are common in heavily populated areas. ... Sound pollution is an overabundance of sound waves usually created by human overpopulation or technology, more commonly referred to as noise pollution. ... Underground parking garage at the University of Minnesota. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Tram in Amsterdam

The advantages of the tram thus became more visible. At the end of the 1970s, some governments studied, and then built new tram lines. In France, Nantes and Grenoble lead the way in terms of the modern tram, and new systems were inaugurated in 1985 and 1988. In 1994 Strasbourg opened a system with novel British-built trams, specified by the city, with the goal of breaking with the archaic conceptual image that was held by the public. Image File history File links Tram_Amsterdam. ... Image File history File links Tram_Amsterdam. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... Image File history File links Tram_Amsterdam. ... Image File history File links Tram_Amsterdam. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... Traditional city flag City coat of arms Motto: (Latin: Shall Neptune favour the traveller) Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration DÃ©partement Loire-Atlantique (44) RÃ©gion Pays-de-la-Loire Mayor Jean-Marc Ayrault (PS) (since 1989) Intercommunality Urban Community of Nantes City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 65. ... , Grenoble (Occitan: GrasanÃ²bol) is a city and commune in south-east France, situated at the foot of the Alps, at the confluence of the Drac into the IsÃ¨re River. ... City flag City coat of arms Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration DÃ©partement Bas-Rhin (67) RÃ©gion Alsace Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) (since 2001) Intercommunality Urban Community of Strasbourg City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 78. ...

The public, who realized with each installation of tram lines their benefits in urban flexibility and redistribution and the reduction in downtown automobile traffic, encouraged numerous city governments to so equip their streets. Many cities already equipped with trams have extended their lines and built new ones.

A great example of this shift in ideology is the city of Munich, which began replacing its tram network with a rapid transit a few years before the 1972 Summer Olympics. When the metro network was finished in the 1990s the city began to tear out the tram network (which had become rather old and decrepit), but now faced opposition from many citizens who enjoyed the enhanced mobility of the mixed network - the metro lines deviate from the tram lines to a significant degree. New rolling stock was purchased and the system was modernized, and a new line was proposed in 2003. Munich (German: MÃ¼nchen, (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. ... Rolling Stock banner Rolling Stock was a newspaper of ideas and a chronicle of the 1980s published in Boulder, Colorado by Ed Dorn and Jennifer Dunbar Dorn. ...

Technical developments

Combino Supra Budapest NF12B and UV trams in Budapest

Later, cable cars were attached to a moving cable underneath the road. The cable would be pulled by a steam engine at a powerhouse. The Monongahela and Duquesne Inclines in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, have some of the appearance of trams, but are more accurately funiculars. Modern trams generally use overhead electric cables, from which they draw current through a pantograph, a bow collector (less commonly) or the now-rare trolley pole (the former is most common and used on most new tram designs). The first operational electric street railway was started in Scranton, Pennsylvania, but the first large-scale electric street railway system was built in Richmond, Virginia in January 1888. By 1890 over 100 such systems had been begun or were planned. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1656x1242, 461 KB) Summary en: Description: Combino Supra Budapest NF12B and UV trams in Budapest Author: PÃ©ter BÃ³na Upload: ÃdÃ¡m KovÃ¡cs Date: April 1, 2006 License: GFDL hu: LeÃrÃ¡s: Combino Supra Budapest NF12B Ã©s UV... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1656x1242, 461 KB) Summary en: Description: Combino Supra Budapest NF12B and UV trams in Budapest Author: PÃ©ter BÃ³na Upload: ÃdÃ¡m KovÃ¡cs Date: April 1, 2006 License: GFDL hu: LeÃrÃ¡s: Combino Supra Budapest NF12B Ã©s UV... Flag Seal Nickname: Paris of the East, Pearl of the Danubeor Queen of the Danube Location Location of Budapest in Hungary Government Country County Hungary / E.U. none Mayor GÃ¡bor Demszky (SZDSZ) Geographical characteristics Area City 525,16 kmÂ² Land n/a kmÂ² Water n/a kmÂ² Population... Cable Car in San Francisco A San Francisco cable car A cable car or cable railway is a mass transit system using rail cars that are propelled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Steel City Location Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Pennsylvania Allegheny County Founded 1758 Mayor Bob OConnor (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 151. ... Angels Flight, Los Angeles, California with gantlet track configuration Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with full length parallel tracks The GÃ¼tschbahn in Lucerne, Switzerland â€“ from an 1893 guidebook A funicular, also called funicular railway, inclined railway, inclined plane, or, in the United Kingdom, a cliff railway, is a system of... A pantograph is a device that collects electric current from overhead lines for electric trains or trams. ... An old tram with a bow collector built in 1907 still running in Oberbozen, South Tyrol, Italy A bow collector is one of the three main devices used on tramcars to transfer electric current from the wires above to the tram below, the other devices being the pantograph and trolley... Trolley poles are usually tapered cylindrical poles of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a live overhead wire to the control and propulsion equipment of a trolley car, tram or trolley bus. ... Scranton is a city located in Lackawanna County in Northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 76,415 (2003 estimate: 74,320). ... Flag Seal Nickname: River City Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra Location Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Virginia Independent City Mayor L. Douglas Wilder Geographical characteristics Area City 62. ...

There are other methods of powering electric trams, sometimes preferred for aesthetic reasons since poles and overhead wires are not required. The old tram systems in London, Manhattan (New York City), and Washington D.C. used live rails, like those on third-rail electrified railways, but in a conduit underneath the road, from which they drew power through a plough. It was called Conduit current collection. Washington's was the last of these to close, in 1962. Today, no commercial tramway uses this system. More recently, a modern equivalent to the old stud systems has been developed which allows for the safe installation of a third rail on city streets, which is known as surface current collection or ground-level power supply; the main example of this is the new tramway in Bordeaux. For other uses, see London (disambiguation). ... The Borough of Manhattan, highlighted in yellow, lies between the East River and the Hudson River. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... It has been suggested that Mouldboard Plough be merged into this article or section. ... Conduit current collection was a system of current collection used by electric trams where the power supply was located in a channel under the roadway, rather than located overhead. ... Third rail at the West Falls Church Metro stop in the Washington, D.C. area, electrified to 750 volts. ... Bordeaux trams run without overhead wires. ... New city flag (traditional tri-crescent) City coat of arms Motto: The fleur-de-lis alone rules over the moon, the waves, the castle, and the lion Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration DÃ©partement Gironde (33) RÃ©gion Aquitaine Mayor Hugues Martin (UMP) (since 2004) Intercommunality Urban Community...

In narrow situations double-track tram lines sometimes reduce to single track, or, to avoid switches, have the tracks interlaced, e.g. in the Leidsestraat in Amsterdam on three short stretches (see map detail); this is known as interlaced or gauntlet track. It has been suggested that Railway Switching be merged into this article or section. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... Double switch A railroad switch (known in British and Australian English as (a set of) points or, in technical usage, a turnout) is a mechanical installation provided at a point where rail track A divides into two tracks B and C. It can be set in either of two positions...

A Hanover tram in an underground station

Ultra low floor tram in Vienna

Traditionally trams had high floors, requiring passengers to climb several steps in order to board, but since the 1990s this design has been largely replaced by low-floor trams, or occasionally by high-floor trams with level boarding platforms, as in Manchester's Metrolink and some parts of Cologne's network, which allow passengers in wheelchairs or with perambulators to access vehicles more easily. In some jurisdictions this has even been made mandatory since the 1990s, for example by the HMRI in Britain and the Disability discrimination act in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1932x1416, 354 KB) Description Hannoverean tram Location Hauptbahnhof (Main Station), subterrean station, Hannover, Germany Date 2004-12-23 Photographer Sebastian Rittau File links The following pages link to this file: Tram Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1932x1416, 354 KB) Description Hannoverean tram Location Hauptbahnhof (Main Station), subterrean station, Hannover, Germany Date 2004-12-23 Photographer Sebastian Rittau File links The following pages link to this file: Tram Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 164 KB) Summary en: Description: Ultra Low Floor tram Author: ÃdÃ¡m KovÃ¡cs Date: October 22, 2004 License: GFDL hu: LeÃrÃ¡s: Siemens ULF tÃpusÃº villamos KÃ©szÃtÅ‘: KovÃ¡cs ÃdÃ¡m DÃ¡tum: 2004, okt... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 164 KB) Summary en: Description: Ultra Low Floor tram Author: ÃdÃ¡m KovÃ¡cs Date: October 22, 2004 License: GFDL hu: LeÃrÃ¡s: Siemens ULF tÃpusÃº villamos KÃ©szÃtÅ‘: KovÃ¡cs ÃdÃ¡m DÃ¡tum: 2004, okt... The Ultra Low Floor tram (ULF) is a low floor tram currently operating only in Vienna, Austria. ... Passenger door of a low-floor tram Passenger door of a non-low-floor tram In public transportation, low floor is a term describing vehicles such as busses, trolleybusses and trams whose passenger compartment has a floor which is considerably lower than that of traditional cars. ... A Metrolink Tram in Manchester city centre. ... KÃ¶ln redirects here. ... The international symbol of access depicts a person in a wheelchair A wheelchair is mobility device that takes the form of a chair on wheels, used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness or disability. ... For transportation of a baby or toddler there are special vehicles, special car seats, and devices for carrying. ... In law, jurisdiction from the Latin jus, juris meaning law and dicere meaning to speak, is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted body or to a person to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility. ... See also 1990s, the band Seinfeld was a pop cultural phenomenon during the 90s and became one of the most popular TV programs ever. ... HM Railway Inspectorate (HMRI: his/her Majestys Railway Inspectorate) is the British government body responsible for overseeing safety on Britains railways, tramways, trolley bus and other guided transport systems. ... In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, a number of countries have passed laws aimed at reducing unfair discrimination against disabled people. ... The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as The Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former territories of the British Empire. ...

Interior of a 1960s tram in Vienna

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (937x1400, 548 KB) Summary The interior of a tram, photographed in Vienna, Austria in the summer of 2002. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (937x1400, 548 KB) Summary The interior of a tram, photographed in Vienna, Austria in the summer of 2002. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: BeÄ, Czech: VÃdeÅˆ, Hungarian: BÃ©cs, Greek: Î’Î¹ÎÎ½Î½Î·, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Ð’ÐµÐ½Ð°, Slovak: ViedeÅˆ, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ...

Tram-train

Tram-train operation uses vehicles such as the Flexity Link and Regio-Citadis which are suited for use on urban tram lines, but also meet the necessary indication, power, and resistance requirements to be certified for operation on main line railways. This allows passengers to travel from suburban areas into city-centre destinations without having to change from a train to a tram when they arrive at the central station. Street running of Stadtbahn in Heilbronn Stadtbahn on standard railway A Nordhausen DUO TramTrain on the linking track between the urban tramway (where they are electrically powered via overhead wires) and the rural heavy rail HSB (Harzer Schmalspurbahn / Harz Narrow-Gauge Railway) - where they are powered via an onboard diesel... The Flexity Link is a low-floor tram-train manufactured by Bombardier Transportation. ... A Citadis 202 tram in Melbourne, Australia The Citadis is a low-floor tram built by Alstom in La Rochelle, France, currently in use around the world, in (among others), the Paris region, Lyon, Montpellier, Bordeaux, OrlÃ©ans, Rotterdam, Dublin (see Luas), Melbourne (see Trams in Melbourne), and Katowice / Metropolian...

It has been primarily developed in Germanic countries, in particular Germany and Switzerland. Karlsruhe is a notable pioneer of the tram-train. This system should be brought into service in the Paris area in 2005. Karlsruhe (population 283,959 in 2005) is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-WÃ¼rttemberg, located near the French-German border. ...

Cargo trams

Goods have been carried on rail vehicles through the streets, particularly near docks and steelworks, since the 19th century, and some Belgian vicinale routes were use to haul timber. At the turn of the 21st century, a new interest has arisen in using urban tramway systems to transport goods. The motivation now is to reduce air pollution, traffic congestion and damage to road surfaces in city centres. Dresden has a regular CarGoTram service, run by the world's longest tram trainsets (59.4 m), carrying car parts across the city centre to its Volkswagen factory. Vienna and Zürich use trams as mobile recycling depots. Amsterdam commissioned a feasibility study into goods trams in November 2005. Kislovodsk had a freight-only tram system comprising one line which was used exclusively to deliver bottled Narzan mineral water to the railway station. From left to right: BrÃ¼hls Terrace; the Hofkirche and the castle; the Semper Opera House. ... Volkswagen (Ger. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: BeÄ, Czech: VÃdeÅˆ, Hungarian: BÃ©cs, Greek: Î’Î¹ÎÎ½Î½Î·, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Ð’ÐµÐ½Ð°, Slovak: ViedeÅˆ, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Location within Switzerland (German pronunciation IPA: ; in English often Zurich, without the umlaut) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of ZÃ¼rich. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... Kislovodsk (ÐšÐ¸ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÌÐ´ÑÐº) is a city of 129,788 inhabitants (2002 census) in Stavropol Krai, Russia. ...

Pros and cons of tram systems

Tram tracks can be hazardous to cyclists

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 859 KB) A road sign warning cyclists that the tram tracks in the road ahead might be slippy. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 859 KB) A road sign warning cyclists that the tram tracks in the road ahead might be slippy. ...

Advantages

All transit service involves a tradeoff between speed and frequency of stops. Services that stop frequently have lower overall speed, and are therefore less attractive for longer trips. Metros, light rail, monorail, and Bus Rapid Transit are all forms of rapid transit -- which generally signifies high speed and widely-spaced stops. Trams are a form of local transit, making frequent stops. Thus, the most meaningful comparison of advantages and disadvantages is with other forms of local transit, primarily the local bus. This article is about light rail systems in general. ... The KL Monorail in Kuala Lumpur, a colourful straddle-beam monorail A monorail is a transit system, resembling a metro or railroad with a track consisting of a beam (guideway), not a single rail as is implied by the name, as opposed to the traditional track with two parallel rails. ... Silver Line in Boston Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a broad term given to a variety of different transportation systems that, through infrastructural and scheduling improvements, attempt to use buses to provide a service that is of a higher quality than an ordinary bus line. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The greatest advantage of modern trams is social rather than technical. In most countries, trams don't suffer from the image problem that plagues buses. On the contrary — most people associate trams with a positive image. Unlike buses, trams tend to be popular with a wider spectrum of the public, including better-off people who often shun buses. This high level of customer acceptance means higher ridership and bigger public support for investment in new tram infrastructure.
Tram lines can go underground, like metro lines, if there is a need. Above-ground metro lines, on the other hand, are more expensive, especially if they use third rails for power supply.
Trams can adapt to the number of passengers by adding additional cars during rush hour (as well as removing excess cars during off-peak hours). No additional driver is then required for the trip in comparison to buses.
In general, trams provide a higher capacity service than buses.
Unlike buses, but like trolleybuses, (electric) trams give off no exhaust emissions at point of use. Compared to motorbuses the noise pollution emitted by trams is generally perceived to be less disturbing.
Rights-of-way for trams are narrower than for buses. This saves valuable space in cities with high population densities and/or narrow streets.
Because they are rail-bound, trams command more respect from other road users than buses do, when operating on-road. In heavy traffic conditions, rogue drivers are less likely to hold up trams, for example by blocking intersections or parking on the road. This often leads to fewer delays. As a rule, especially in European cities, trams always have priority.
Passenger comfort is normally superior to buses because of controlled acceleration and braking and curve easement. Rail transport such as used by trams provides a smoother ride than road use by buses.

Third rail at the West Falls Church Metro stop in the Washington, D.C. area, electrified to 750 volts. ... Trolleybus public transfer in Bratislava, Slovakia A trolleybus (also known as electric bus, trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which it draws electricity using two trolley poles. ... NOiSE is a one volume manga created by Tsutomu Nihei as a prequel to his acclaimed ten-volume work, Blame!. It offers some rather sketchy information concerning the Megastructures origins and initial size, as well as the origins of Silicon life. ...

Disadvantages

Tram accident in Amsterdam

The initial cost is higher than for buses, hence the usual preference for the latter in smaller cities
When operated in mixed traffic, trams are more likely to be delayed by disruptions in their lane. Buses, by contrast, can easily maneuver around obstacles. Opinions differ about whether deference that drivers show to trams -- a cultural issue that varies by country -- is sufficient to counteract this disadvantage.
Tram tracks can be dangerous for cyclists. This and problems with parked cars are avoided by building tracks and platforms in the middle of the road. Cyclists can avoid this by always riding across and never along tramways, as bikes particularly those with narrow tyres may get their wheels caught in the track grooves. It is also possible to close the grooves of the tracks on critical sections by rubber profiles. Those profiles are pressed down by the wheelflanges of the passing tram but cannot by lowered by the weight of a cyclist.
Tram infrastructure occupies urban space above ground and requires modifications to traffic flow.
Steel wheel trams can be more noisy than rubber-wheeled trolleybuses, especially when cornering.

Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ...

Regional variations

Europe

Main article: Trams in Europe

This article is about trams on mainland Europe, for street tramways in the British Isles see Trams in Britain and Trams in Ireland Tram, Stadtbahn, U-Bahn and S-Bahn schemes in Germany Mainland Europe, particularly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Netherlands, Sweden and Belgium, has an extensive number of tramway...

Western Europe

Tram in Stuttgart, Germany

The German-speaking countries, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (where the word for tramway is "Straßenbahn", although "Tram" is also used) are notable for their large numbers of extensive tram systems, although even in these countries, many systems were closed after the Second World War, such as the West Berlin tramway. One of the notable modern day tram systems in Germany is the Berlin Straßenbahn, as well as the Gothenburg tram. Image File history File linksMetadata Stuttgart_gt4. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Stuttgart_gt4. ... Stuttgart [], a city located in southern Germany, is the capital of the state of Baden-WÃ¼rttemberg with a population of approximately 590,000 (as of September 2005) in the city and around 3 million in the metropolitan area. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Boroughs of West Berlin West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... Tram, Stadtbahn, U-Bahn and S-Bahn schemes in Germany Germany has an extensive number of tramway networks (StraÃŸenbahn in German). ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Berlin StraÃŸenbahn Berlins first tram ran in 1865 from Kupfergraben to Charlottenburg. ... Gothenburg tram line 4 (left) and 14 (right) meet at Centralstationen tram station. ...

In the Benelux countries, tram networks exist in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Antwerp, Ghent and Brussels, and are gradually being extended. Satellite image of the Benelux countries Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Benelux Benelux (or BÃ©nÃ©lux) is an economic union in Western Europe comprising three neighbouring monarchies, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. ... Rotterdam Location Flag Country The Netherlands Province South Holland Population 604,819 (2005) Coordinates 51Â° 55 N.; 4Â° 30 E. Website www. ... Arms of The Hague Flag of The city of The Hague. ... The Cathedral of our Lady (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekathedraal, Antwerp) in the Handschoenmarkt, in the old quarter of Antwerp is the largest cathedral in the Low Countries and home to a number of triptychs by Belgian Baroque painter Rubens. ... Gent at Night Ghent (IPA: ; Gent in Dutch; Gand in French, formerly Gaunt in English) is a city located in Flanders, Belgium. ... The Brussels tram/streetcar) system is a successful medium-sized system, whose development demonstrates many of the quandaries that face local public transport planners. ...

A rapidly growing number of France's major cities boast new tram or light rail networks, including Paris, Lyon, Marseille and Nantes. Recently the tram has seen a huge revival in France. The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city, as viewed from the TrocadÃ©ro This article is about the capital and largest city in France. ... Three of the main sights in Lyon, the Cathedral St-Jean, the Basilica Notre Dame de FourviÃ¨re, and the Tour mÃ©tallique de FourviÃ¨re City flag City coat of arms Motto: (Franco-ProvenÃ§al: Forward, forward, Lyon the best) Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 9... city flag coat of arms Motto: By her great deeds, Marseille shines in the world Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 16 arrondissements (in 8 secteurs) DÃ©partement Bouches-du-RhÃ´ne (13) RÃ©gion Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur Mayor Jean-Claude Gaudin (UMP) (since 1995... Traditional city flag City coat of arms Motto: (Latin: Shall Neptune favour the traveller) Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration DÃ©partement Loire-Atlantique (44) RÃ©gion Pays-de-la-Loire Mayor Jean-Marc Ayrault (PS) (since 1989) Intercommunality Urban Community of Nantes City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 65. ...

In the UK, tram systems were widely dismantled in the 1950s, only Blackpool's survived (see Blackpool tramway). However in recent years new light rail lines have been opened (for example the Croydon Tramlink, Manchester Metrolink and Sheffield Supertram), with several others under consideration and extensions planned for many existing systems. Corporation Tramways building, Blackpool Tram-stop, Promenade Tram Depot (engineering part) Tram Depot Tram (Promenade) Double-decker Tram (Promenade) The Blackpool tramway is the only surviving first-generation tramway in Britain, dating back to 1885, and serving the Lancashire town of Blackpool and its suburbs. ... Tramlink (initially known as Croydon Tramlink) is a public transport tramway in south London, operated by FirstGroup on behalf of Transport for London. ... A Metrolink Tram in Manchester city centre. ... The Sheffield Supertram is a tram network in Sheffield, England. ...

The most extensive network in Northern Europe has Gothenburg in Sweden (190 km on a total track length of 80 km; see Gothenburg tram), followed by the Norwegian capital Oslo. Within the inner city of Helsinki in Finland, trams have established a position as the main form of public transport. Gothenburg (Swedish: ) ) is a city and municipality in the province VÃ¤stergÃ¶tland on the west-coast of Sweden. ... Gothenburg tram line 4 (left) and 14 (right) meet at Centralstationen tram station. ... County Oslo NO-03 District Viken Municipality NO-0301 Administrative centre Oslo Mayor (2004) Per Ditlev-Simonsen (H) Official language form Neutral Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 224 454 kmÂ² 426 kmÂ² 0. ... Founded 1550 Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Area - Of which land - Rank 185. ...

In Spain modern tram networks have been opened in Barcelona (Trambaix and Trambesòs), Valencia, Bilbao, Alicante and Parla. Barcelona is the second largest city in the Iberian Peninsula, capital city of Catalonia and the province with the same name. ... The Trambaix is a light rail (tram) system connecting the Baix Llobregat area with the city of Barcelona in Spain. ... The TrambesÃ²s is a light rail (tram) system connecting Sant AdriÃ del BesÃ²s with the city of Barcelona in Spain. ... The Hemispheric at the Ciutat de les Arts i les CiÃ¨ncies by Santiago Calatrava, Valencia, Spain. ... Bilbao (Basque: Bilbo) in the North of Spain, is the largest city in the Basque Country and the capital of the province of Biscay (Basque: Bizkaia). ... fuuuuuuuuuuuuccckkkkkkkkkk u Location of Alicate in Spain Alicante (Castillian Spanish) or Alacant (Valencian Catalan) is the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of the AlacantÃ, in the southern part of the Valencian community, Spain, a historic Mediterranean port. ...

The Greek capital Athens opened a modern tramline in time for the 2004 Summer Olympics. City flag. ... The 2004 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, were held in Athens, Greece, over a period of 17 days from August 13 to August 29, 2004. ...

Central and Eastern Europe

All countries of the former Soviet Bloc, excluding Lithuania and Moldova, have extensive tram infrastructure. Czech ČKD Tatra and the Hungarian Ganz factories were notable manufacturers of trams. During the Cold War, the Eastern Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) comprised the following Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Albania (until the early 1960s, see below), the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia. ... ÄŒKD or ÄŒeskomoravskÃ¡ Kolben-DanÄ›k was one of the biggest engineering companies in former Czechoslovakia and todays Czech Republic. ... The Ganz electric works in Budapest is probably best known for the manufacture of tramcars, but was also a pioneer in the application of three-phase alternating current to electric railways. ...

Tramway in Katowice, Poland

The busiest traditional city tram line in the world is in Budapest, Hungary, where 50-meter long trains run at 60 to 90 second intervals at peak time and are usually packed with people. A part of this route is the same as where electric trams made their world first run in 1887. Image File history File links KatowiceSilesianInterurbans. ... Image File history File links KatowiceSilesianInterurbans. ... Country Poland Historical region Silesia Voivodship Silesian Municipal government ZarzÄ…d GZM Mayor election. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Paris of the East, Pearl of the Danubeor Queen of the Danube Location Location of Budapest in Hungary Government Country County Hungary / E.U. none Mayor GÃ¡bor Demszky (SZDSZ) Geographical characteristics Area City 525,16 kmÂ² Land n/a kmÂ² Water n/a kmÂ² Population...

In many cities of Russia and Ukraine, in Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan tramways are facing difficulties. Some tramway systems have suffered extensive closures of vital parts of network (Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev) and some are facing threats of closures (Nizhniy Novgorod, Tver) or even total abandonment (Voronezh, Tbilisi). Nevertheless, Saint Petersburg's tramway network still is the largest in the world. (See also Silesian Interurbans and Poznański Szybki Tramwaj) Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Government Russia District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuri Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area - City 1,081 kmÂ² Population - City (2005) - Density 10,415,400 8537. ... Motto: Oblast Municipality Municipal government City council (ÐšÐ¸Ñ—Ð²ÑÑŒÐºÐ° ÐœÑ–ÑÑŒÐºÐ° Ñ€Ð°Ð´Ð°) Mayor Oleksandr Omelchenko Mayor-elect Leonid Chernovetsky Area 800 kmÂ² Population - city - urban - density 2,660,401 100% 3,299/kmÂ² Founded City rights around 5th century 1487 Latitude Longitude Area code +380 44 Car plates AA (before 2004: ÐšÐ,ÐšÐ’,ÐšÐ•,ÐšÐ,ÐšÐ†) Sister cities Athens, Brussels... Area - Total 260,000 mi² Population - City (2003) - Metropolitan 1,334,249 2 million approx. ... Tvers coat of arms depicts grand ducal crown placed on a throne. ... Voronezh (Ð’Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾ÌÐ½ÐµÐ¶) is a large city in the south of Central Russia, not far from Ukraine. ... Tbilisi (Georgian áƒ—áƒ‘áƒ˜áƒšáƒ˜áƒ¡áƒ˜ ) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at . ... 105N Type car on Chebzie loop 110 years old tramway viaduct in Gliwice Silesian Interurbans - one of the largest tramway (streetcar) systems in the World, in existence since 1894. ... Siemens Combino of line 14 approaching a PST station PoznaÅ„ski Szybki Tramwaj (PST, Pestka) (PoznaÅ„ Fast Tram) is a 6. ...

North America

Note that in North America, especially the United States, trams are generally known as streetcars or trolleys, while the term tram is more likely to be understood as a tourist trolley, an aerial tramway or a people-mover. This article refers to the mass transit vehicle running on rails. ... A Tourist trolley, also called a road trolley, is a bus (usually diesel fueled) made to resemble an old-style streetcar. ... Cable car at Zell am See in the Austrian Alps. ... Osaka New-Tram A people mover is a fully-automated, grade-separated rail transit system. ...

Many North American cities abandoned their streetcar systems in the mid-twentieth century, due to the popularity of the automobile and government policies favoring it. However, traditional systems survived in Boston (MBTA Green Line), Newark, New Orleans, Philadelphia (Subway-Surface Lines), Pittsburgh, San Francisco (F Market line), and Toronto (Toronto Streetcar System). This survival was aided by the introduction of the modern PCC car in the 1940s and 1950s in all these cities except New Orleans. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... Flag Seal Nickname: City on a Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Solar System), Athens of America Location Location in Massachusetts Government Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas Menino (Dem) Geographical characteristics Area City 232. ... The Green Line is one of the four MBTA subway lines in the Boston, Massachusetts metro area. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Brick City Location Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates , Government County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Mayor Cory Booker, 1st Term: 2006 - 2010 Geographical characteristics Area City kmÂ² (26. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Crescent City, The Big Easy, The City That Care Forgot Location Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates , Government Country State Parish United States Louisiana Orleans Parish, Louisiana Founded 1718 Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 350. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Pennsylvania Philadelphia Founded Incorporated October 27, 1682 October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 369. ... There are 5 subway-surface lines within the SEPTA system. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Steel City Location Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Pennsylvania Allegheny County Founded 1758 Mayor Bob OConnor (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 151. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... F Market PCC cars at Jones Street terminal. ... A CLRV streetcar, used on most of the TTCs streetcar routes, is seen here in downtown Toronto. ... A Twin Cities Rapid Transit PCC streetcar in museum operation. ...

PCC car in San Francisco

New onmouseover="pv(event, 397)" onmouseout="unpv(397)" style="">light rail systems have since opened in many other cities, starting with the ground-breaking system in San Diego, and now including Baltimore, Buffalo, Calgary, Dallas (DART), Denver, Edmonton, Houston, Jersey City-Hoboken, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Ottawa, Portland, Sacramento, St Louis, Salt Lake City, San Jose, and Vancouver. Additionally, all the surviving PCC operators have replaced their PCC cars with light rail vehicles, although restored vintage PCC cars are still in regular operation on Boston's MBTA Red line Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line, and on San Francisco's F Market line, a line popular among tourists. This line recently underwent an expansion to the Fisherman's Wharf area and a second line along the Embarcadero to the east is in the planning stages. Download high resolution version (1307x964, 245 KB)PCC car in San Francisco at the foot of Market Street Photograph taken by chris_j_wood on the 26th May 2003, with original filename DCP_0833. ... Download high resolution version (1307x964, 245 KB)PCC car in San Francisco at the foot of Market Street Photograph taken by chris_j_wood on the 26th May 2003, with original filename DCP_0833. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders Michael Aguirre City Council Representatives, Scott... Flag Seal Nickname: Monument City (by John Quincy Adams on a visit in 1827), Charm City, Mob Town, B-more Motto: The Greatest City in America (formerly The City That Reads; BELIEVE is not the official motto but rather a specific campaign) Location Location of Baltimore in Maryland Coordinates , Government... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Good Neighbors Location Location of Buffalo in New York State Government County Erie County Mayor Byron Brown Geographical characteristics Area City 136. ... Calgary is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. ... Â·Â· Flag Seal Nickname: Big D Location Location in the state of Texas Government Counties Dallas County Collin County Denton County Kaufman County Rockwall County Mayor Laura Miller Geographical characteristics Area City 997. ... A DART Bus operating in downtown Dallas The Dallas Area Rapid Transit authority (or DART) is the transit agency in Dallas, Texas that operates buses, subways, light rail, commuter rail, and HOV lanes in Dallas and 12 of its suburbs. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Mile-High City Location Location of Denver in Colorado Coordinates , Government City-County Denver (coextensive) Mayor John Hickenlooper (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 154. ... Edmonton is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta, situated in the north central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farm land on the prairies. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Space City Location Location in the state of Texas Coordinates , Government Counties Harris County Fort Bend County Montgomery County Mayor Bill White Geographical characteristics Area City 1,558 kmÂ² (601. ... Location Location of Jersey City within New Jersey. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Lakes Motto: En Avant Location Location in Hennepin County and the state of Minnesota. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Roses, Stumptown, Bridgetown Location Location in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Oregon Multnomah County Mayor Tom Potter Geographical characteristics Area City 145. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Trees Location Location of Sacramento in California Government County Sacramento Mayor Heather Fargo Geographical characteristics Area City 99. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Gateway City, Gateway to the West, or Mound City Location Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Missouri Independent City Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 66. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Crossroads of the West Location Location of Salt Lake City in Salt Lake County, Utah Coordinates , Government County Salt Lake Mayor Rocky Anderson Geographical characteristics Area City 285. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Capital of Silicon Valley Location Location of San Jose within Santa Clara County, California. ... Vancouver (pronounced ) is a Canadian city in the province of British Columbia. ... The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) is a quasi-governmental organization formed in 1964 that controls the subway, bus, commuter rail, and ferry systems in the Boston, Massachusetts area. ... View of Boston from the Red Line An MBTA Red Line train leaving Charles/MGH station bound for Alewife. ... The Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line (or Mattapan-Ashmont Line, or just the M Line) is considered part of the MBTAs Red Line, even though it uses different equipment (trolleys) and passengers have to change at Ashmont. ... F Market PCC cars at Jones Street terminal. ...

Another trend originating in North America is the introduction of newly built heritage streetcar lines using original or replica historic equipment, a trend which is now spreading elsewhere in the world. Examples in North America include San Pedro, Little Rock, Dallas, Denver, Memphis, Tampa, Seattle, Charlotte, North Carolina, the new Canal Street line in New Orleans, and the reintroduction of the historic Girard Street line in Philadelphia.
A heritage streetcar system in the United States combines light rail efficiency with Americas nostalgia interests. ... While many cities use water towers to welcome visitors, San Pedro has its name painted on a smokestack. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Capital City, Rock-Town, City of Roses Location Government Country State County United States Arkansas Pulaski Founded Incorporated 1821 1831 Mayor Jim Dailey Geographical characteristics Area - City 302. ... M-line Streetcar at Cityplace Station The McKinney Avenue Transit Authority, a non-profit organization, operates the M-line Streetcar line in Dallas, Texas (USA). ... The Platte Valley Trolley is a heritage streetcar line in Denver, Colorado. ... Nickname The River City, The Bluff City Location Location in Shelby County and the state of Tennessee Government Country State Counties United States Tennessee Shelby County Mayor W. W. Herenton (D) Geographical characteristics Area - Total - Land - Water 294. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Cigar City, The Big Guava, T-Town Location Location in Hillsborough County and the state of Florida. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Emerald City Location Location of Seattle in King County and Washington Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Washington King County Incorporated December 2, 1869 Mayor Greg Nickels Geographical characteristics Area City 369. ... Flag Nickname: The Queen City, The Hornets Nest Location Location in Mecklenburg County in the state of North Carolina Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States North Carolina Mecklenburg County, North Carolina Mayor Pat McCrory, (R) Geographical characteristics Area City 280. ... The Girard Street line, (SEPTA route 15) is a heritage streetcar line serving North and West Philadelphia. ...

Asia

Hong Kong Double decker Tram

Asia has had relatively few tram systems, with the notable exception of Japan. Hong Kong Double Decker trams Photo taken June 3, 2002 Copyright Richard Gallagher. ... Hong Kong Double Decker trams Photo taken June 3, 2002 Copyright Richard Gallagher. ... A double-decker tram is a tram that has two levels. ...

Many Japanese cities have tram systems. Among them are Sapporo and Hakodate in Hokkaido; Tokyo, Kamakura, Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima on Honshu; Matsuyama and Kochi on Shikoku; and Fukuoka, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, and Kagoshima on Kyushu. Some extend into neighboring communities. Sapporo ) (helpÂ· info) is the fifth-largest city in Japan by population and the third-largest by geographic area. ... View of Hakodate from Mountain Hakodate (å‡½é¤¨å¸‚; -shi) is a city and port located in Oshima, Hokkaido, Japan. ... For the dog breed, see Hokkaido (dog). ... Tokyo ) , literally eastern capital, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and includes the highly urbanized central area formerly known as the city of Tokyo which is the heart of the Greater Tokyo Area. ... Crowds of visitors in Kamakura (Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine) Big Buddha at Kotokuin Kamakura (Japanese: éŽŒå€‰å¸‚; -shi) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan, about 50 km south-south-west of Tokyo (to which it is linked by the railway line to Yokosuka). ... This page is about the city Kyoto. ... Osaka Castle (ÅŒsaka-jÅ) Location in Japan Osaka Aquarium (Kaiyukan) Osaka railway station The Osaka Tower (TsÅ«tenkaku) Osaka City listen? (å¤§é˜ªå¸‚; ÅŒsaka-shi) is the third-largest city in Japan, with a population of 2. ... Main keep of Hiroshima Castle The city of Hiroshima (åºƒå³¶å¸‚; -shi) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chugoku region of western Honshu, the largest of Japans islands. ... todo mal de [ [ Shikoku ] ] a través del [ [ mar interior ] ], y noreste de [ [ Kyushu ] ] a través del [ [ estrecho de Kanmon ] ]. Es la séptima isla más grande, y la segunda isla populosa en el mundo después de [ [ Java (isla)|Java ] ] (véase [ [ lista de las islas de la población ] ]). < style=float del div... Matsuyama City Hall Mayor Address ã€’ Phone number Official website: Matsuyama City Matsuyama (æ¾å±±å¸‚; -shi) is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture on the Shikoku island of Japan. ... KÅchi (é«˜çŸ¥å¸‚ KÅchi-shi) is the capital city of Kochi on the Shikoku island of Japan. ... Shikoku (å››å›½, four provinces) is the smallest and least populous (4,141,955 as of 2005) of the four main islands of Japan. ... Fukuoka City Hall Mayor Hirotaro Yamasaki Address ã€’810-8620 Fukuoka-shi, Chuo-ku, Tenjin 1-8-1 Phone number 092-711-4111 Official website: Fukuoka City Fukuoka (ç¦å²¡å¸‚; -shi) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyushu in Japan, across... Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki listen? (é•·å´Žå¸‚; -shi, literally long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture located at the south-western coast of Kyushu, Japan. ... Kumamoto (ç†Šæœ¬å¸‚; -shi) is the capital city city of Kumamoto Prefecture on Kyushu island of Japan. ... Kagoshima (é¹¿å…å³¶å¸‚; -shi) is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwest tip of the Kyushu island of Japan. ... Kyushu region, Japan Kyushu (ä¹å·ž kyÅ«shÅ«) is the third largest island of Japan and most southerly and westerly of the four main islands. ...

Hong Kong still possesses the Hong Kong Tramway, a traditional British Isles-style double-decker tramway with street running, along the north shore of Hong Kong Island. More recently the KCRC Light Rail system has opened in the north west New Territories. Despite its name, the Peak Tram is actually a funicular railway. Hong Kong Double-Decker Tram (#120), the only tram in the fleet reconstructed in the 1960s style. ... For the candy bar, see Double Decker Double-decker bus next to a Ferrari A double-decker is a bus, aeroplane, train, tram, ferry or any public transit vehicle that has two levels for passengers, one deck above the other. ... The night view of the Island side as seen from the Kowloon side - the opposite side of the Victoria Harbour Hong Kong Island (Traditional Chinese: é¦™æ¸¯å³¶; Simplified Chinese: é¦™æ¸¯å²›; Cantonese Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 dou2; Mandarin Pinyin: XiÄnggÇŽngdÇŽo) is the island where the colonial settlement of the Hong Kong territory... Opening Date 25 September 1988 Routes 9 Number of trains 1191 Service Area Tuen Mun, Yuen Long 1 There was previously 120 trains, but a trained numbered 1013 was crashed in 1994. ... A major road, Kwong Fuk Road in Tai Po, a town in the New Territories. ... The Peak Tram The Peak Tramway (Traditional Chinese: å±±é ‚çºœè»Š) is a funicular railway in Hong Kong, which carries both tourists and residents to the upper levels of Hong Kong Island. ... Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with full length parallel tracks A funicular, also called funicular railway or inclined railway, inclined plane, or in England a cliff railway, consists of a system of transportation in which cables attach to a tram-like vehicle on rails to move it up and down a...

The Philippines once had a tram network in Manila, but it was destroyed during World War II. The system has been replaced with the LRT and MRT. Combatants Allies: Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France/Free France, United States, China, Canada, India, Australia, Poland, New Zealand, South Africa, Greece, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Hungary, Burma, Slovakia Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8... Logo of the LRTA A Yellow Line train stopping at a station A Purple Line train parked at Santolan station. ... The Manila Metro Rail Transit System, more populartly known as the MRT, is a rapid transit system serving the Metro Manila area. ...

Image:Kolkatatram2.jpg

Calcutta Tramways Company (CTC) tram in Kolkata, India

In India, Kolkata (Calcutta) has a tram network. Chennai (Madras), Kanpur and Mumbai (Bombay) were the other three which had a network but were dismantled. Kolkata (Bangla: (?) à¦•à¦²à¦•à¦¾à¦¤à¦¾) (formerly ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... Kolkata (Bangla: (?) à¦•à¦²à¦•à¦¾à¦¤à¦¾) (formerly ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... Chennai (Tamil: à®šà¯†à®©à¯à®©à¯ˆ, formerly known as Madras , is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is Indias fourth largest metropolitan city. ... KÄnpur, (Hindi: à¤•à¤¾à¤¨à¤ªà¥à¤°, Urdu: Ú©Ø§Ù†Ù¾ÙØ±) known as Cawnpore before 1948, is one of the most populous cities in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Mumbai (Marathi: à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ) (pronounced ), formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and the most populous city of India, with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006)[1]. Mumbai is located on Salsette Island, off the west coast of Maharashtra. ...

Seoul, Korea had trams up into the 1960s. Some of their cars were acquired second-hand from the Los Angeles system. Seoul (SÅul|ì„œìš¸) ) is the capital and largest city of South Korea (Republic of Korea). ... Korea (Korean: (ì¡°ì„ or í•œêµ, see below) is a geographical area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia, bordering China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast, with Japan situated to the southeast across the Korea Strait. ...

In Vietnam, tram networks was once running in Hanoi and Saigon until 1954. Bangkok trams were also dismantled after WW2. Hanoi (Vietnamese: HÃ Ná»™i; Han tu: æ²³å†…), estimated population 3,083,800 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. ... Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: ThÃ nh ChÃ Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Bangkok Skytrain at sunset on Thanon Narathiwat Ratcha Nakharin with Empire Tower at the back. ...

The only cities in mainland China with a tram network are the seaside resort of Dalian in Liaoning, which as of 2003 had three working lines, Anshan in Liaoning and Changchun in Jilin. The last trams ran in Shanghai in the mid-1960s.

Australasia

In Australasia, trams are used extensively only in Melbourne, all other major cities having largely dismantled their networks by the mid 20th century. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Oceania. ... Melbourne is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 3. ...

A distinctive feature of many Australasian trams was the early use of a lowered central section between bogies (wheel-sets). This was intended to make passenger access easier, by reducing the number of steps required to reach the inside of the vehicle. It is believed that the design first originated in Christchurch, New Zealand as early as the first decade of the 20th century. Cars with this design feature were frequently referred to as "drop-centres". Bogies This game was started by BBCs Dick and Dom as part of their hit childrens TV show, Dick and Dom in da Bungalow. ... Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the third largest urban area in the country. ...

Brief historical overview

In the 19th Century numerous horse drawn systems were established, with Adelaide and Brisbane establishing reasonably large systems (for their day) and retaining their horse drawn trams when other systems had adopted steam or cable traction. Victor Harbor and Gawler in South Australia are examples of small, single line horse drawn systems which survived until 1953 and 1931 respectively. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. ... Brisbane () is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Queensland. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ...

Following a short lived experiment with a privately run horse tram line in Pitt Street in the 1860s, Sydney adopted steam trams, which were operated by the state government. By comparison, Melbourne adopted cable trams, which were owned and operated by the local government. Melbourne's cable tram network became the largest in the world in the late 19th century, with some cable lines retained until 1940. Sydney operated only two cable tram lines (in North Sydney and along South Head Road) and eschewed the high capital outlay required for cable traction, preferring instead to retain their steam trams, until most of the system was converted to electric operation between 1898 and 1910. The Sydney Opera House is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, and since its opening it has become an international symbol of Sydney Sydney (pronounced ) is the state capital of New South Wales, located on the east coast of Australia. ... Melbourne is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 3. ...

Smaller provincial towns in New South Wales, such as Maitland, Broken Hill and Newcastle had steam tram systems operated by the New South Wales Government. A steam tram system also operated in Rockhampton, Queensland, operated by the Rockhampton City Council. With the exception of Newcastle, these systems had closed by the 1930s. Emblems: Floral - Waratah (Telopea Speciosissima); Bird - Kookaburra (Dacelo Gigas); Animal - Platypus (Ornithorhynchus Anatinus); Fish - Blue Groper (Achoerodus Viridis) Motto: Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine) Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State Other Australian states and territories Capital Sydney Government Const. ... Maitland may mean the following places: Maitland, New South Wales, Australia Maitland, Florida, USA Maitland, Missouri, USA Maitland, South Australia Maitland River, Canada or these people: Richard Maitland (1496 - 1586) William Maitland of Lethington (1525-1573) John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale (1616-1682) Charles Maitland, 3rd Earl of Lauderdale... Broken Hill is an isolated mining city and Local Government Area in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 21,000. ... A view of Newcastle from Stockton Newcastle is Australias sixth largest city and the second largest in the state of New South Wales. ... Mayor Margaret Strelow Area 187 kmÂ² Population 59,120 (2003) (ABS) Time zone UTC + 10 Latitude Longitude Rockhampton (or Rocky as it is known by the locals) is a small city and Local Government Area in Central Queensland, Australia, located slightly inland from the coast on the Bruce Highway, approximately... Emblems: Faunal - Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); Floral - Cooktown orchid (Dendrobium bigibbum); Bird - Brolga (Grus rubicunda); Aquatic - Barrier Reef Anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos); Gem - Sapphire; Colour - Maroon Motto: Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Const. ...

Gold mining towns, with their rapid growth and wealth soon adopted trams, with Bendigo and Ballarat in Victoria and Kalgoorlie and Leonora in Western Australia all adopting electric tram systems. Bendigo had trialled a battery operated tram, but this was unsuccessful. The Victorian systems survived until 1972 following their takeover by the state government, whereas the West Australian examples ceased operations in the 1930s as a result of the economic decline of those towns at the time. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Location of Ballarat in Victoria (red) Ballarat Base Hospital For the electoral division in the Australian House of Representatives, see Division of Ballarat. ... Emblems: Pink heath (floral) helmeted honeyeater (bird) Leadbeaters possum (faunal) Motto: Peace and Prosperity Slogan or Nickname: Garden State, The Place To Be, On The Move Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Government Governor Premier Const. ... Kalgoorlie is a Western Australian city located about 600 km east of Perth. ... Leonora is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. ... Emblems: Floral - Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos manglesii); Mammal - Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus); Bird - Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) Motto: Cygnis Insignis (Distinguished by its swans) Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Const. ...

Electrification was quickly adopted in Australian systems, with Hobart and Brisbane the first systems to be electrified in 1893 and 1897 respectively. Hobart thus was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to operate a successful electric tramway system. It was also the only Australian city to use the European-style 'bow collector', instead of Frank Sprague's trolley pole system. Another first for Hobart was its use of electric double-decker trams, the first city outside Europe to do so. The Hobart system retained a distinctly "English" appearance throughout its existence. Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. ...

Adelaide was the last major city to convert its trams to electric operation, in 1908.

Melbourne tram network

Main article: Trams in Melbourne

Melbourne has the third largest tram system in the world and its trams have become part of the city's culture and identity due to their long history. In Melbourne, in addition to newer types of trams in use such as the Citadis and the Combino and the middle-aged A, B and Z class trams, older W-class trams (of the dropcentre design referred to above) remain in service and are a popular tourist attraction. W-class trams are used exclusively on the free City Circle tram route, and also in use on some regular routes. A total of 53 W-class trams remain in regular service, with the oldest in service tram dating from 1939. The city of Melbourne, the second-largest city in Australia, is home to the third largest tram network in the world, consisting of 245 kilometres of track, 500 trams, and 1770 tram stops. ... A Citadis 202 tram in Melbourne, Australia The Citadis is a low-floor tram built by Alstom in La Rochelle, France, currently in use around the world, in (among others), the Paris region, Lyon, Montpellier, Bordeaux, OrlÃ©ans, Rotterdam, Dublin (see Luas), Melbourne (see Trams in Melbourne), and Katowice / Metropolian... Combino Tram in Basel Combino tram in PoznaÅ„ on PST line Combino D1 class in Melbourne The Combino is a low floor tram produced by Siemens Transportation Systems (formerly Duewag). ... The W6 class is a class of electric tram that operates in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, introduced between 1951 and 1955. ... The City Circle is a tram loop running around the central business district of Melbourne, Australia. ...

Other cities with trams

Amongst other Australian cities, the once-extensive Sydney tram system finally closed its last lines in 1961, but more recently has opened a new light rail line. Trams last graced Adelaide's streets in 1958, although one tramline, which links the city centre with the seaside suburb of Glenelg and operates substantially along its own right of way has been retained. In 2005 there are plans to extend the line northwards to the main railway station. Sydney, the largest city in Australia, once had the largest tram system in Australia, the second largest in the British Empire (after London), and one of the largest in the world. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ... Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A depiction of one of the H-class Glenelg trams by Simon Lieschke. ... The phrase Right-of-way is used in two main ways: with reference to the question of which of two or more moving vehicles has priority: for right of way among boats and ships on the water, refer to International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. ...

The smaller cities of Bendigo and Ballarat, both in Victoria, have retained small parts of their tramway operations. These have become major tourist attractions. The horse tram line at Victor Harbor in South Australia has been re-opened using replicas of the original cars as a tourist attraction. Christchurch in New Zealand has recently constructed a new city-centre heritage line, using restored historic cars from New Zealand and Australia. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Location of Ballarat in Victoria (red) Ballarat Base Hospital For the electoral division in the Australian House of Representatives, see Division of Ballarat. ... Victor Harbor is a city on the coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, Australia. ... Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the third largest urban area in the country. ...

Tram museums operate in many cities, such as the Brisbane Tramway Museum and the Sydney Tramway Museum. This is a list of transport museums throughout the world. ... Brisbane Tramway Museum is a transport museum which preserves and displays trams and trolley-buses, most of which operated in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. ... The Sydney Tramway Museum is a operating tramway museum, located in Loftus in the southern suburbs of Sydney, Australia. ...

New tram proposals

Perth and Brisbane both have proposals to implement light rails systems in their respective CBDs. In Brisbane's case, several proposals have been made and each has been knocked back, but with the recent introduction of integrated ticketing under the TransLink scheme and expansive Queensland Government transport infrastructure plans, the most recent proposal may go ahead. Calls also are in place for the Gold Coast, just south of Brisbane, to solve their major traffic problems. Proposals also exist to extend the Sydney and Adelaide systems beyond one line each. The central business district of Melbourne, Australia. ... For a list of all TransLink services, see the list of TransLink services. ... Gold Coast city is located in the south east corner of Queensland, Australia. ...

Africa

Tram systems were and are less prevalent in Africa. Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ...

Egypt

Former Copenhagen articulated car in service on Alexandria's urban tramway

A tram from Heliopolis terminates at Cairo's Ramses Station

However, in Egypt both Cairo and Alexandria have historic and still existant tram systems. Tunis has a modern tram system. Tram. ... Tram. ... For other uses, see Alexandria (disambiguation). ... A tram from Heliopolis terminates at Ramses Station Cairo, Egypt Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... A tram from Heliopolis terminates at Ramses Station Cairo, Egypt Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... Cairo Minarets Cairo (Arabic: â€Ž transliterated: , transl. ... Cairo Minarets Cairo (Arabic: â€Ž transliterated: , transl. ... For other uses, see Alexandria (disambiguation). ...

In Cairo, the urban tramway network is now defunct, but the express tramway linking it with Heliopolis is still in operation, as is the relatively new tram system in the satellite town of Helwan 25km to the south. Modern Heliopolis (properly known as Ù…ØµØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø¯ÙŠØ¯Ø©, Miá¹£r al-Ç§idÄ«dah â€“ literally New Egypt) is a district of Cairo, Egypt (not to be confused with the ancient Egyptian city of the same name. ... Hulwan, also spelled Helwan or Hilwan is a southern suburb of Cairo in Egypt on the bank of the Nile river, with a population (1989 estimate) 230,000. ...

In Alexandria, both the urban tramway network and the express tramway system serving the eastern suburbs are still in operation. The urban system operates yellow cars, included some acquired second-hand from Copenhagen, on largely street track. The express tramway operates 3-car trains of blue cars, including some double-deck cars, on largely reserved track. There are also trams that serve on the urban tram lines and the express tram lines at the same time.
Copenhagen (IPA: , rhyming with pagan, or , with a as in spa; Danish IPA: ) is the capital of Denmark and the countrys largest city (metropolitan population 1,115,035 (2006), at present made up of 16 municipalities. ...

South Africa

Public transport in South Africa commenced for the first time in Cape Town in May 1801 when a weekly wagon service from Cape Town to Simon's Town was announced. Round about 1838 the Cape's first horse-drawn omnibus, based on George Shilbeer's omnibus, was introduced. In September 1862 the Cape Town and Green Point Tramway Company was formed and on 1 April 1863 it began operating. Both single-deck and double-deck horse drawn trams were used. In 1896 the power station at Toll Gate Cape Town, with two stacks supplied by Milliken Brothers of New York, was completed and the old horse sheds were remodelled. Cape Town's electric tram system initially consisted of ten cars made in Philadelphia, USA. On 6 August 1986 Lady Sivewright, wife of Sir James Sivewright opened the new system. At Queen Victoria's Jubilee in 1897 there were thirty-two electric trams on Cape Town's roads serving the city and its suburbs over about twenty-three miles of track. The new power station at Toll Gate was proving inadequate to meet demands and additions were called for. The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... , City motto: Spes Bona (Latin: Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Province Western Cape Mayor Helen Zille Area - % water 2,499 kmÂ² N/A Population - Total (2004) - Density Ranked 100th 2,893,251 1,158/kmÂ² Established 1652 Time zone SAST (UTC+2... Simons Town Harbour, looking roughly to the south and showing the waters of False Bay Simons Town (also widely written Simonstown and, in Afrikaans, Simonstad), is a village and a naval base in South Africa, near Cape Town. ... | JÃ¶ns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Parisian Omnibus, late Eighteenth / early nineteenth century Omnibus is a Latin word meaning for all (people) and has several meanings in standard English: bus, a vehicle for transporting large numbers of people Omnibus, a law which covers many different subjects, or has had many unrelated additions tacked onto it. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... , City motto: Spes Bona (Latin: Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Province Western Cape Mayor Helen Zille Area - % water 2,499 kmÂ² N/A Population - Total (2004) - Density Ranked 100th 2,893,251 1,158/kmÂ² Established 1652 Time zone SAST (UTC+2... Milliken is a town located in Weld County, Colorado. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 kmÂ²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ... Philadelphia is a village located in Jefferson County, New York. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In South Africa tram services existed in cities like Johannesburg (where the suburban railway to Boksburg, opened in 1890, was also called the Rand Tram) and Pretoria but were replaced by petrol and electric bus systems after the Second World War. , City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area - % water 1,644 kmÂ² 0. ... City motto: Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence) Province Gauteng Area - % water 1,644 kmÂ² 0. ...

Streetcars in North America

History

In Canada, most cities once had a streetcar system, but today Toronto's TTC is the only traditional operator of streetcars, and maintains the most extensive system in The Americas (in terms of total track length, number of cars, and ridership). New light rail systems have been built in Edmonton, Alberta and Calgary, Alberta. The Toronto Transit Commission, or TTC, is a public transport authority that operates buses, streetcars, and rapid transit lines in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... A CLRV streetcar, used on most of the TTCs streetcar routes, is seen here in downtown Toronto. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ... Edmonton is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta, situated in the north central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farm land on the prairies. ... Calgary is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. ...

The first lines built in the U.S. (and indeed the world) were in 1832 from downtown New York City to Harlem by the New York and Harlem Railroad, and in 1834 in New Orleans. This article is about the Harlem neighborhood in New York City. ... An 1847 map of Lower Manhattan; the only railroad in Manhattan is the New York and Harlem Railroad. ...

New Orleans Canal Streetcar, March 24, 2006.

Most U.S. streetcar systems were removed by the 1950s as a result of the popularity of the automobile and government policies in favor of it. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 2281 KB) Summary Srouce: http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 2281 KB) Summary Srouce: http://www. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Surviving systems

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

tram

Not all streetcars systems were removed; the San Francisco cable cars and New Orleans' streetcars are the most famous examples in the United States. More conventional streetcar operations survived complete abandonment in Boston, Newark, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and San Francisco in the U.S., together with Toronto in Canada. All of these systems have received new equipment. Some of these cities have also rehabilitated lines, and Newark, New Orleans, and San Francisco have added trackage in recent years. In Toronto, the city has added two new lines in recent years, and is activly upgrading its other lines. Further expansion is planned in combination with the city's plans for the rejuvenation of its waterfront. Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Cable Car in San Francisco A San Francisco cable car A cable car or cable railway is a mass transit system using rail cars that are propelled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Brick City Location Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates , Government County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Mayor Cory Booker, 1st Term: 2006 - 2010 Geographical characteristics Area City kmÂ² (26. ...

More recently a number of cities in North America have built new light rail systems which operate partially in the right-of-way of city streets. These systems could be called trams by Europeans and Australians but are generally not known by that name within the US, where the term light rail is generally applied. However, in New Orleans and San Francisco, the term "streetcar" is the only name used by the residents there. Edmonton, Alberta was the location of one of the earliest of these new systems, which substantially utilised European technology, and was soon followed by similar installations in San Diego, California and Calgary, Alberta (see Edmonton Transit System, San Diego Trolley, and C-Train). This article is about light rail systems in general. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Edmonton is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta, situated in the north central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farm land on the prairies. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders Michael Aguirre City Council Representatives, Scott... Calgary is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. ... The Edmonton Transit System, also called ETS, is the public transit service which is owned and operated by the city of Edmonton, Alberta. ... San Diego, California has a light rail system, which until 2004 was known as the San Diego Trolley, because of the trolley-style German-built vehicles from Siemens-Duwag. ... Calgary Transit have recently introduced new SD-160 vehicles to complement their ageing original trains. ...

In 2000, Kenosha, Wisconsin became the first city in North America to open a modern streetcar system since the heyday of the PCC streetcar, followed in 2001 by Portland, Oregon. The Kenosha system is a downtown circulator also serving government offices, the upscale HarborPark recreational/cultural/residential district, and public bus and Metra rail service, and the Portland Streetcar serves as a downtown circulator between the central city core, the trendy Pearl District and Northwest Portland, Portland State University, and a new mixed-use development along the Willamette River shoreline. Kenosha is a city in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. ... A Twin City Rapid Transit PCC streetcar in museum operation. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Roses, Stumptown, Bridgetown Location Location in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Oregon Multnomah County Mayor Tom Potter Geographical characteristics Area City 145. ... Metra system schematic Metra (officially known as the Northeastern Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation) is Chicagolands commuter rail system, serving over 200 stations on eleven lines across the Regional Transportation Authoritys (RTAs) six-county service area. ... A streetcar at the corner of SW 11th and Alder. ... The Pearl District is a former warehouse and light industrial area just north of downtown Portland, Oregon. ... Portland State University (or PSU) is a university located in downtown Portland, Oregon. ... The Willamette River (pronounced wil-LAM-met) is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 240 mi (386 km) long, in northwestern Oregon in the United States. ...

Heritage streetcar systems

An historic tram from 1907 still running in Oberbozen, South Tyrol, Italy.

Heritage streetcar systems are used in public transit service, combining light rail efficiency with America's nostalgia interests. Proponents claim that using a simple, reliable form of transit from 50 or 100 years ago can bring history to life for 21st century Americans. Systems are operating successfully in over 20 U.S. cities, and are in planning or construction stages in 40 more. Heritage systems currently operate in Little Rock, Arkansas, Memphis, Tennessee, Dallas, Texas, Tampa, Florida, Kenosha, Wisconsin, and New Orleans are among the larger. Vancouver, Canada also has a heritage streetcar system that will be expanded to cover the south downtown area. Download high resolution version (1002x1196, 172 KB)A old train still running on a mountain in 1250 metres hight in Oberbozen-Soprabolzano, South Tyrol, image taken by Fantasy on the 13. ... Download high resolution version (1002x1196, 172 KB)A old train still running on a mountain in 1250 metres hight in Oberbozen-Soprabolzano, South Tyrol, image taken by Fantasy on the 13. ... South Tyrol (German and Ladin: SÃ¼dtirol, Italian: Alto Adige; official in German: Autonome Provinz Bozen - SÃ¼dtirol, official in Italian: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige, official in Ladin: Provinzia AutonÃ²ma de Balsan - SÃ¼dtirol) is an autonomous province of Italy that belongs to the region of Trentino... A heritage streetcar system in the United States combines light rail efficiency with Americas nostalgia interests. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... One may feel nostalgic for the familiar routine of school, conveniently forgetting the painful experiences such as bullying. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Capital City, Rock-Town, City of Roses Location Government Country State County United States Arkansas Pulaski Founded Incorporated 1821 1831 Mayor Jim Dailey Geographical characteristics Area - City 302. ... Nickname The River City, The Bluff City Location Location in Shelby County and the state of Tennessee Government Country State Counties United States Tennessee Shelby County Mayor W. W. Herenton (D) Geographical characteristics Area - Total - Land - Water 294. ... M-line Streetcar at Cityplace Station The McKinney Avenue Transit Authority, a non-profit organization, operates the M-line Streetcar line in Dallas, Texas (USA). ... Flag Seal Nickname: Cigar City, The Big Guava, T-Town Location Location in Hillsborough County and the state of Florida. ... Kenosha is a city in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. ... The Vancouver Downtown Historic Railway is a historic railway that runs between Granville Island and Science World in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ...

Over 50 years after the Tennessee Williams play A Streetcar Named Desire opened on Broadway, the revival of streetcar operations in New Orleans is credited by many to the worldwide fame gained by the streetcars made by the Perley A. Thomas Car Works. These cars were operating on the system's Desire route in the 1947 play and later movie of the same name. Some of the original cars have been carefully restored locally and continue to operate in 2004. Tennessee Williams, courtesy of Masters of Photography [1] Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911 â€“ February 25, 1983), better known by the pen name Tennessee Williams, was a major American playwright and one of the prominent playwriters in the twentieth century. ... A Streetcar Named Desire is a famous American play written by Tennessee Williams. ... Perley A. Thomas Car Works, Inc. ...

Model Trams

German models of trams (Düwag and Siemens) and a bus in HO scale

Models of trams are popular in HO scale and sometimes in 1:50 scale. They typically are powered and will accept plastic figures inside. Common manufacturers are Roco and Lima with many custom models being made as well. HO scale (H0 scale in continental Europe) is the most popular scale of model railway in most of the world outside the United Kingdom, where the slightly larger in scale OO scale is most common. ... HO scale (H0 scale in continental Europe) is the most popular scale of model railway in most of the world outside the United Kingdom, where the slightly larger in scale OO scale is most common. ... Roco, based in Salzburg, Austria, is a manufacturer of model railway equipment, The company was founded in 1960 by Ing. ... Lima is the capital and largest city in Peru, as well as the capital of Lima Province. ...

A number of OO scale tram models, especially kits, are made in the UK. OO gauge model railways are the most popular standard in the United Kingdom, being one of several 4 mm scale standards (4 mm to the foot (305 mm), or 1:76. ...

There are some Russian tram models available in 1:48 scale

External links

Light Rail Transit Association (GB)
Light Rail Central (US/CA)
Light Rail Now advocacy (US)
Light Rail Netherlands (NL)
The Cable Building Broadway Cable car line (US/NY)
Market Street Railway (US/CA)
British National Tramway Museum(GB)
Tramway Information Including TLRS and Festival of Model Tramways
Compressed Air Trams
What is a streetcar? at American Public Transit Association
Council of tramway museums Australasia
TRAM station in Alicante (SPAIN)

This article describes the mass transit vehicle. ... A Citadis 202 tram in Melbourne, Australia The Citadis is a low-floor tram built by Alstom in La Rochelle, France, currently in use around the world, in (among others), the Paris region, Lyon, Montpellier, Bordeaux, OrlÃ©ans, Rotterdam, Dublin (see Luas), Melbourne (see Trams in Melbourne), and Katowice / Metropolian... Combino Tram in Basel Combino tram in PoznaÅ„ on PST line Combino D1 class in Melbourne The Combino is a low floor tram produced by Siemens Transportation Systems (formerly Duewag). ... Conduit current collection was a system of current collection used by electric trams where the power supply was located in a channel under the roadway, rather than located overhead. ... A double-decker tram is a tram that has two levels. ... The modernist Eurotram was first used in Strasbourg. ... EuskoTran in Bilbao, Spain on grassed track Street track EuskoTran (BasqueTram) is the name of the metre guage tramway system in Bilbao, Spain. ... Bordeaux trams run without overhead wires. ... The General Motors streetcar conspiracy refers to a contention that General Motors (GM), acting in conjunction with several other companies and through the National City Lines (NCL) holding company, illegally acquired many streetcar systems in various cities around the United States, dismantled and replaced them with buses for the express... A heritage streetcar system in the United States combines light rail efficiency with Americas nostalgia interests. ... // History See also: Timeline of Richmond, Virginia Settlement High-angle view looking west toward the capitol from Church Hill, 1862. ... A horsecar was an animal-powered streetcar (or tram). ... Kenosha is a city in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. ... The following is a list of cities that have tram / light-rail systems as part of their public transport system. ... This page provides links to list of cities that have, or once had, town tramway (urban tramway, or streetcar) systems as part of their public transport system. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ... This is a list of transport museums throughout the world. ... Passenger door of a low-floor tram Passenger door of a non-low-floor tram In public transportation, low floor is a term describing vehicles such as busses, trolleybusses and trams whose passenger compartment has a floor which is considerably lower than that of traditional cars. ... A Metrolink Tram in Manchester city centre. ... It has been suggested that Overhead catenary be merged into this article or section. ... Perley A. Thomas Car Works, Inc. ... Peter Witt streetcar in Milan Peter Witt was a Cleveland Street Railway commissioner and designed the Peter Witt streetcars used in many U.S. cities and a few Canadian cities like Toronto. ... Adelaide O-Bahn The guide wheel of a guided bus in Mannheim, Germany A Fastway bus in the guided bus lane on Southgate Avenue, Crawley Guided buses are buses steered for part or all of their route by external means, usually on a dedicated track. ... Sirio in Athens Sirio is a tramway build by Ansaldobreda, an Italian manufacturer of trains, trams and LRVs. ... Museum LM-49 tramcar in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. ... Museum MTV-82 tramcar in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. ... Frank Julian Sprague (1857-1934) American inventor, Father of Electric Traction Frank Julian Sprague (1857–1934) was an American naval officer and inventor who contributed to the development of the electric motor, electric railways, and electric elevators. ... A streetcar suburb is a community whose growth was mostly shaped by the coming of the electric streetcar or tram. ... Third rail at the West Falls Church Metro stop in the Washington, D.C. area, electrified to 750 volts. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ... Thomas Built Buses, Inc. ... The following article largely describes the controls found on older style electric trams. ... In India currently only Kolkata (Calcutta) has a tram service. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... A tram stop in Gothenburg, Sweden. ... Light rail tracks with concrete railroad ties. ... A Tourist trolley, also called a road trolley, is a bus (usually diesel fueled) made to resemble an old-style streetcar. ... Trolleybus public transfer in Bratislava, Slovakia A trolleybus (also known as electric bus, trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which it draws electricity using two trolley poles. ... The Ultra Low Floor tram (ULF) is a low floor tram currently operating only in Vienna, Austria. ... This page refers to urban rail mass transit systems. ... New 100% low-floor tram by CroTram ZET 2200 is a 100% low-floor tram made by the Croatian consortium CroTram led by KonÄar. ...

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Contents

Etymology GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

Steam trams

Cable pulled cars

Other power sources

Electric trams (trolley cars)

Golden Age

Disappearance from many cities

Return to grace

Technical developments

Tram-train

Cargo trams

Pros and cons of tram systems

Advantages

Disadvantages

Regional variations

Europe

Western Europe

Central and Eastern Europe

North America

Asia

Australasia

Brief historical overview

Melbourne tram network

Other cities with trams

New tram proposals

Africa

Egypt

South Africa

Streetcars in North America

History

Surviving systems

Heritage streetcar systems

Model Trams

See also

External links

Etymology