Ring artifact in a brain scan (Computed tomography)
Artifacts are misrepresentations of tissue structures seen in medical images produced by modalities such as Ultrasonography, X-rayComputed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. These artifacts are caused by a variety of mechanisms, such as: Medical ultrasonography is an ultrasound-based imaging diagnostic technique used to visualize internal organs, their size, structure and their pathological lesions. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The underlying physics of the energy-tissue interaction (ie: Ultrasound-air)
Data acquisition errors (mostly from patient motion)
A reconstruction algorithm's inability to represent the anatomy.
Physicians learn to recognize these artifacts to avoid confusing them with real pathology. In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a procedure (a finite set of well-defined instructions) for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ... Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ...
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