NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Arturo Umberto Illia

Arturo Umberto Illia (Pergamino, Buenos Aires, August 4, 1900 - Córdoba, January 18, 1983) was President of Argentina from October 12, 1963, to June 28, 1966. October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-BÃ©del Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... JosÃ© MarÃa Guido was a former President of Argentina from 30 March 1962 to 12 October 1963. ... Juan Carlos OnganÃa Carballo (1914-1995) was a military president of Argentina from 29 June 1966 to 8 June 1970. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... Pergamino is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Downtown CÃ³rdoba. ... Physician examining a child A physician is a person who practices medicine. ... This article lists political parties in Argentina. ... The Radical Civic Union (UniÃ³n CÃvica Radical, or UCR) is the foremost opposition party in Argentina. ... Pergamino is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... Downtown CÃ³rdoba. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Current President NÃ©stor Kirchner The President of Argentina (full title: President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la NaciÃ³n Argentina) is the head of state of Argentina. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-BÃ©del Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ...

Biography

Arturo Umberto Illia was born on the 4th of August of 1900 in Pergamino, Buenos Aires province. His parents, Martín Illia and Emma Francesconi were Italian immigrants, from different parts of Lombardy (Italy). 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... Lombardy (Italian: Lombardia) is a region in northern Italy between the Alps and the Po Valley. ...

In the year 1918, he started his medical studies in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires. That same year, the student movement known as the "Universitarian Reform" (Reforma Universitaria) erupted in the city of Córdoba, setting the basis for free, open and public university, and deeply changing the conception and administration of superior education in Argentina and in a good portion of Latin America. 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) is the biggest university in Argentina, founded on August 12, 1821 in the city of Buenos Aires. ... Downtown CÃ³rdoba. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...

As a part of his medical studies, Illia begun working in the San Juan de Dios hospital in La Plata city, obtaining his degree in 1927. La Plata is the capital city of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1928 he had an interview with the, at the time, President of the country, Dr. Hipólito Yrigoyen, to whom he offered his services as a doctor. Yrigoyen offered him the job of railroad medic in different parts of the country, and Arturo Illia decided to move to Cruz del Eje, in the Cordoba province. He worked there as a medic since 1929 and until 1963, except for three years (1940-1943) in which he was Vice-Governor of the Cordoba province. 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Juan HipÃ³lito del Sagrado CorazÃ³n de JesÃºs Yrigoyen Alem (July 12, 1852 â€“ July 3, 1933) was twice President of Argentina (from 1916 to 1922 and again from 1928 to 1930). ... Cruz del Eje is a city in the province of CÃ³rdoba, Argentina. ... CÃ³rdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the centre of the country. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... CÃ³rdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the centre of the country. ...

On February 15 of 1939, he married Silvia Elvira Martorell, and had three children: Emma Silvia, Martín Arturo and Leandro Hipólito. February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In the year 1963 he was democratically-elected as President of Argentina, position he occupied until June 28 of 1966, when he was deposed by a military coup. After that, he moved to Martinez, Buenos Aires province, but he would still make frequent trips to Córdoba. He continued participating in politics with intensity, in the Radical Civic Union, until his death, on January 18, 1983. 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-BÃ©del Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... Martinez is the name of several places in the United States of America: Martinez, California Martinez, Georgia Martinez, New Mexico Martinez, Texas Martinez, Connecticut Martinez is also surname of several people: Angie Martinez - Puerto Rican musician Conchita Martinez - Spanish tennis player Eduardo Cardinal MartÃnez Somalo - high official in the... The Buenos Aires province (IPA: , Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires) is the largest, wealthiest and most populated province of Argentina. ... Downtown CÃ³rdoba. ... The Radical Civic Union (UniÃ³n CÃvica Radical, or UCR) is the foremost opposition party in Argentina. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Political activities

Arturo Illia became a member of the Radical Civic Union when he reached adulthood, in 1918, under the strong influence of the radical militancy of his father and of his brother, Italo. That same year, he began his university studies, with the events of the aforementioned Universitarian Reform taking place in the country. The Radical Civic Union (UniÃ³n CÃvica Radical, or UCR) is the foremost opposition party in Argentina. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

From 1929 onwards, after moving to Cruz del Eje, he began intense political activity, which he alternated with his professional life. In 1935 he was elected Provincial Senator for the department of Cruz del Eje, in the elections that took place on November 17. In the Provincial Senate, he actively participated in the approval of the Law of Agrarian Reform, which was passed in the Córdoba Legislature but rejected in the National Congress. He was also head of the Budget and Treasury Commission, and pressed for the construction of dams, namely Nuevo San Roque, La Viña, Cruz del Eje and Los Alazanes. 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece. ... Cruz del Eje is a city in the province of CÃ³rdoba, Argentina. ...

In the elections that took place on March 10, 1940, he was elected Vice-Governor of the Córdoba Province, with Santiago del Castillo, which became governor. He occupied this post until the province was intervented by the national government, in 1943. March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... CÃ³rdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the centre of the country. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ...

From 1948 to 1952 he was a national deputy. He also took part in the Public Works, Hygiene and Medical Assistance Commissions. 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

His Election as President of Argentina

After the fall of the Juan Domingo Peron government in 1955, a long period of political instability took over Argentina. During this period, the army would have a large influence over the politics of the country, and, even though elections would still take place, these would be marked by a considerable lack of legitimacy, since the Justicialist Party (which was supported by a great portion of the Argentine citizenry) would be banned during this period. From 1955 to 1963 the country had five presidents of which only one was democratically-elected: Arturo Frondizi, who governed the country from May 1, 1958, until March 29, 1962, when he was deposed by a military coup. Juan Domingo Perón (October 8, 1895-July 1, 1974) was an Argentine military officer and President of Argentina from 1946-1955 and 1973-1974. ... 1955 (MCMLV in Roman) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Justicialist Party Coat of Arms The Justicialist Party (Spanish: Partido Justicialista, PJ) is a Peronist political party from Argentina. ... // Abstract Arturo Frondizi Ercoli (October 28, 1908 - April 18, 1995) was the President of Argentina between 1 May 1958 and 29 March 1962 for the Radical Civic Union. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (89th in Leap years). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

After the fall of Frondizi, the President of the Senate, José Maria Guido, became interim President of the country, starting a process of 'normalization', which would eventually lead to new elections, on July 7, 1963. These elections, in which Arturo Illia would win, became a proof of the strong influence of the military in the country's political life, since the military imposed strong conditions that prevented the peronists (Justicialist Party) from presenting a candidate. July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The results were: People's Radical Civic Union (Arturo Illia - Carlos Perette), 2.440.536 votes; Intransigent Radical Civic Union (Oscar Alende - Celestino Gelsi), 1.592.872 votes; People Forward Union (General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu - Horacio Thedy), 726.663 votes; Invalid votes, 1,694,718. Oscar Eduardo Alende (born 6 July 1909 in MaipÃº, Buenos Aires province â€“ died 22 December 1996) was an Argentine politician who founded the Intransigent Party. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

In the electoral college, the formula Illia-Perette obtained 270 votes out of 476 on July 31, 1963. July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

His Presidency

Arturo Illia became President on October 12, 1963. His first act consisted in eliminating all restrictions over the peronist political parties, causing the anger and surprise of the military. Political manifestations from the peronist party were forbidden since the 1955 coup, by the Presidential Decree 4161/56, however, five days after Illia's assumption, a commemorative act for the 17th of October took place in Plaza Miserere without any official restriction. In the same fashion, electoral restrictions were also lifted, allowing the participation of peronists in the 1965 legislative elections. The prohibition over the Communist Party was also lifted, and penalties were issued for discrimination and racial violence. Image File history File links Illiadegaulle. ... Image File history File links Illiadegaulle. ... Charles AndrÃ© Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( (helpÂ· info)) (November 22, 1890-November 9, 1970), in France commonly referred to as gÃ©nÃ©ral de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Peronism (also called justicialism) is an Argentine political ideology based on the ideas and programs associated with former president Juan PerÃ³n. ... 1955 (MCMLV in Roman) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On June 15, 1964, the Law 16.459 was passed, establishing a minimum wage for the country. "Avoiding the exploitation of workers in those sectors in which an excess of workforce may exist", "Securing an adequate minimum wage" and "Improving the income of the poorest workers" were listed among the objectives of the project. June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ...

With the same aims, the Law of Supplies was passed, destined to control prices of basic foodstuffs and setting minimum standards for pensions.

Arturo Frondizi had begun, during his presidency, a policy of oil exploration based on concessions of oil wells to foreign private corporations, leaving the state oil company Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) the sole responsibility of exploration and buying oil from private extractors. Argumenting that such contracts were negative for the Argentine state and its people (YPF had to assume all the risks of investing in exploration of new wells, the price of oil had risen steadily since the contracts were negotiated, etc.), Illia denounced the Frondizi policy as negative for national Argentine interests, and promised to render the contracts of concession void, renegotiating them. // Abstract Arturo Frondizi Ercoli (October 28, 1908 - April 18, 1995) was the President of Argentina between 1 May 1958 and 29 March 1962 for the Radical Civic Union. ... YPFs logotype Yacimientos PetrolÃferos Fiscales (YPF) was an Argentine state-owned oil company. ...

On November 15, 1963, Illia issued the decrees 744/63 and 745/63, which rendered said oil contracts null and void, for being considered "illegitimate and harmful to the rights and interests of the Nation.". November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

During Illia's government, education acquired an important presence in the National Budget. In 1963, it represented a 12% of the budget, rising to a 17% in 1964 and to a 23% in 1965. 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

On November 5, 1964, the National Plan of Alphabetization was started, with the purpose of diminishing and eliminating analphabetism (At the time, around 10% of the adult population didn't knew how to read and write). By June, 1965, the program comprised 12.500 educational centers and was assisting more than 350.000 adults of all ages. November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

Law 16.462, also known as 'Oñativia Law', paying homage to the Minister of Health Arturo Oñativia, was passed the 28th of August of 1964. It established a policy of price and drugs control, freezing prices for patented medicines at the end of 1963, establishing limits to advertising expenditures and to money sent outside the country for royalties and related payments. The reglamentation of this law by the Decree 3042/65, also forced pharmaceutic corporations to present, to a judge, an analisis of the costs of their drugs and to formalize all their existing contracts.

Both supporters, detractors and impartial observers of Illia agree that this policy had a decisive weight on the process that would end with his overthrow by a military coup.

In the economic sphere, Arturo Illia's presidency was characterised by a reglamentation of the public sector, a decrease of the public debt and a considerable push for industrialization. The Syndicate of State Businesses was created, to achieve a more efficient control of the public sector.

The growth of the national GDP was -2,4% in 1963, 10,3% in 1964 and 9,1% in 1965.

The growth of the Industrial GDP was -4,1% in 1963, 18,9% in 1964 and 13,8% in 1965. The external debt was reduced from 3.400 million dollars to 2.600 millions.

The real wage grew by 9,6% between December 1963 and December 1964. Unemployment went from 8,8% in 1963, to 5,2% on 1966.

The End of His Presidency

In the year 1965, legislative elections took place, this time without any of the restrictions existing in 1963. Thanks to this, the peronists presented their own candidate lists, winning elections with 3.278.434 votes against the People's Radical Civic Union, which obtained 2.734.970 votes.

The triumph of the peronists shook the internal situation of the Argentine Armed Forces, both among internal military factions linked to the Peronist movement, and because a large section of the army was strongly anti-peronist.

In addition, a campaign against the government was also being carried out by important parts of the media, answering to economic groups. Illia was nicknamed "the turtle", and his rule was referred to as "slow", "dim-witted" and "lacking energy and decision", encouraging the military to take power and weakening the government even more.

Under the planning of the Commander of the First Division of the Army, General Julio Alsogaray, and with the support of the military, the US government, economic groups, a considerable part of the media, and even politicians like Oscar Alende or the former president Arturo Frondizi, the military coup took place on June 28 of 1966. General Alsogaray presented himself in Illia's office that day, at 5:00 hs, and 'invited' him to resign his post. Illia refused to do so at first, but at 7:20 hs, after seeing his office invaded by military officers and policemen with grenade launchers, he was forced step down. The next day, General Juan Carlos Onganía became the new Argentine president. Oscar Eduardo Alende (born 6 July 1909 in MaipÃº, Buenos Aires province â€“ died 22 December 1996) was an Argentine politician who founded the Intransigent Party. ... // Abstract Arturo Frondizi Ercoli (October 28, 1908 - April 18, 1995) was the President of Argentina between 1 May 1958 and 29 March 1962 for the Radical Civic Union. ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-BÃ©del Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... Juan Carlos OnganÃa Carballo (1914-1995) was a military president of Argentina from 29 June 1966 to 8 June 1970. ...

Bibliography

Categories: 1900 births | 1983 deaths | Presidents of Argentina | Argentine deputies RaÃºl Ricardo AlfonsÃn (born 13 March 1927) is an Argentine politician, who was the President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 9 July 1989. ... JosÃ© MarÃa Guido was a former President of Argentina from 30 March 1962 to 12 October 1963. ... Current President NÃ©stor Kirchner The President of Argentina (full title: President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la NaciÃ³n Argentina) is the head of state of Argentina. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-BÃ©del Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... Juan Carlos OnganÃa Carballo (1914-1995) was a military president of Argentina from 29 June 1966 to 8 June 1970. ...

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