Categories: Cleanup from December 2006 | All pages needing cleanup | Gastroenterology | Inflammations | Disease stubs GPnotebook is a British medical database for general practitioners (GPs. ... Health Sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. ... medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ... Gastroenterology or gastrology is the medical specialty concerned with digestive diseases. ... The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/œsophagus, Greek ), or gullet is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For the Beck song, see Nausea (song). ... Vomiting (also throwing up or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. ... Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD; or GORD when spelling œsophageal, the BrE form) is defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus[1]. This is commonly due to transient or permanent changes in the barrier between the esophagus and the stomach. ... Achalasia, also known as esophageal achalasia, achalasia cardiae, cardiospasm, dyssynergia esophagus, and esophageal aperistalsis, is an esophageal motility disorder. ... Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the esophagus. ... In medicine (gastroenterology), esophageal varices are extreme dilations of sub mucosal veins in the mucosa of the esophagus in diseases featuring portal hypertension, secondary to cirrhosis primarily. ... In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. ... A benign gastric ulcer (from the antrum) of a gastrectomy specimen. ... Abdominal pain can be one of the symptoms associated with transient disorders or serious disease. ... Stomach cancer (also called gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus and the small intestine. ... Dyspepsia is a constant pain in the stomach. ... Gastroparesis, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a disorder in which the stomach takes too long to empty its contents. ... Abdominal angina (a. ... Malabsorption is the state of impaired absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. ... Coeliac disease or celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the small bowel that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals in all age groups after early infancy. ... Giardiasis (also known as beaver fever) is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia (also Giardia intestinalis). ... Infantile pyloric stenosis is a pediatric condition where there is a congenital narrowing of the pylorus (the opening at the lower end of the stomach). ... In biology the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine. ... A benign gastric ulcer (from the antrum) of a gastrectomy specimen. ... An intussusception is a situation in which a part of the intestine has prolapsed into another section of intestine, similar to the way in which the parts of a collapsible telescope slide into one another. ... Malabsorption is the state of impaired absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. ... Coeliac disease or celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the small bowel that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals in all age groups after early infancy. ... Lactose intolerance is the name given to the condition (found in the majority of humans) in which lactase, an enzyme needed for proper metabolization of lactose, is not produced in adulthood. ... Fructose malabsorption is a condition in which the fructose carrier in enterocytes is deficient. ... Whipples disease is a rare disease caused by the bacteria Thropheryma whipplei. ... This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... For the article about the punctuation symbol, see Colon (punctuation). ... Types 5-7 on the Bristol Stool Chart are often associated with diarrhea Diarrhea (in American English) or diarrhoea (in British English) is a generally unpleasant condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements (from the ancient Greek word διαρροή = leakage; literally meaning to run through). Acute infectious... Appendicitis (or epityphlitis) is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix[1]. While mild cases may resolve without treatment, most require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. ... Diverticulitis is a common disease of the bowel, in particular the large intestine. ... Diverticulosis, otherwise known as diverticular disease, is the condition of having diverticula in the large colon which are outpocketings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the colon wall. ... In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the large intestine and, in some cases, the small intestine. ... Crohns disease (also known as regional enteritis) is a chronic, episodic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by transmural inflammation (affecting the entire wall of the involved bowel) and skip lesions (areas of inflammation with areas of normal lining in between). ... Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ... In gastroenterology, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or spastic colon is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits which are not associated with any abnormalities seen on routine clinical testing. ... Constipation or irregularity, is a condition of the digestive system where a person (or animal) experiences hard feces that are difficult to eliminate; it may be extremely painful, and in severe cases (fecal impaction) lead to symptoms of bowel obstruction. ... Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. ... Hirschsprungs disease, or congenital aganglionic megacolon, involves an enlargement of the colon, caused by bowel obstruction resulting from an aganglionic section of bowel (the normal enteric nerves are absent) that starts at the anus and progresses upwards. ... Pseudomembranous colitis is an infection of the colon often, but not always, caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile. ... A hernia is often likened to the failure of a tire. ... Inguinal hernias are protrusions of abdominal cavity contents through an area of the abdominal wall, commonly referred to as the groin, and known in anatomic language as the inguinal area or the myopectineal orifice. ... Femoral hernias occur just below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass into the weak area at the posterior wall of the femoral canal. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The liver is an organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. ... Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. ... Liver failure is the final stage of liver disease. ... Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrotic scar tissue as well as regenerative nodules, leading to progressive loss of liver function. ... Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is fatty inflammation of the liver when this is not due to excessive alcohol use. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In medicine (gastroenterology and hepatology), Budd-Chiari syndrome is the clinical picture caused by occlusion of the hepatic vein. ... Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called hepatoma) is a primary malignancy (cancer) of the liver. ... The gallbladder (or cholecyst, sometimes gall bladder) is a pear-shaped organ that stores about 50 ml of bile (or gall) until the body needs it for digestion. ... A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. ... Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an inflammatory disease of the bile duct, which leads to cholestasis (blockage of bile transport to the gut). ... The pancreas is an organ in the digestive and endocrine system (of vertebrates[2]). It is both exocrine (secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin). ... Acute pancreatitis is rapidly-onset inflammation of the pancreas. ... Chronic pancreatitis can present as episodes of acute inflammation in a previously injured pancreas, or as chronic damage with persistent pain or malabsorption. ... A pancreatic pseudocyst is a circumscribed collection of pancreatic fluid typically located in the lesser omentum. ... Hereditary Pancreatitis is a genetic disease affecting enzyme production in the pancreas. ... Pancreatic cancer (also called cancer of the pancreas) is a malignant tumour within the pancreatic gland. ...