Ashmyany (Belarusian: Ашмя́ны, Ašmiany, Lithuanian: Ašmena, Polish: Oszmiana, Russian: Ошмяны) is a town in Hrodna voblast, Belarus (previously in Wilno guberniya, Imperial Russia), capital of the Ašmiany raion. It lies in the basin of the Oshmianka River (Lithuanian: Ašmena), on hilly, fertile lands. Its name is derived from the Lithuanian pl. "ašmenys", meaning "the cutting edge". It is also known as "Aschemynne" in the Chronicles of the Teutonic Knights. Categories: Belarus-related stubs | Regions of Belarus ... Vilnius Old Town Vilnius (sometimes Vilna; Polish Wilno, Belarusian Вільня, Russian Вильнюс, see also Cities alternative names) is the capital city of Lithuania. ... Guberniya (Russian: ) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as governorate or province. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... A raion (or rayon) (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Belarusian раён; Azeri: rayon, Latvian: rajons, Georgian: , raioni) is one of two kinds of administrative subdivisions in languages of some post-Soviet states: a subnational entity and a subdivision of a city. ... Look up Plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. ...

History

A fortified settlement in what is now Ašmiany was first mentioned by chroniclers in 1040, during one of raids by the forces of Prince Yaroslav I the Wise. Initially a part of the state of Polotsk, by the end of 13th century the town became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as mentioned by the Lithuanian and Samogitian Chronicle of 1341. In 1384, the Teutonic Knights attempted to attack Ašmiany as a beginning attempt to destroy the hereditary state of Jogaila. The Teutons managed to destroy the town, but it quickly recovered. In 1402 another Teutonic attack on the city occurred, but was bloodily repelled and the Teutons were forced to withdraw to Medininkai. Events March War of Independence of Western Xia occurred. ... Mikhail Gerasimovs reconstruction of Yaroslavs appearance, based on his examination of Yaroslavs skull Yaroslav I the Wise (c. ... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк; Polish: Połock, also spelt as Polacak; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and PogoÅ„ in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikÅ¡tystÄ—, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ), Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo Litewskie) was an... Events The Queens College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is founded. ... Events May / September 3 - Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis Births Antoine, Duke of Brabant (died 1415) St Frances of Rome (died 1440) Khalil Sultan, ruler of Transoxiana (died 1411) Deaths January 1 - King Charles II of Navarre (b. ... Hermann von Salza (c. ... ... Events September 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill. ... Castle walls and tower drawn in the 19th century by Napoleon Orda Medininkai Castle is a medieval castle in Vilnius district, Lithuania built in the late 13th century or the first quarter of the 14th century. ...

In 1413 the town became one of the most notable centres of trade and commerce within the Wilno Voivodship. Because of that, it became a battlefield of an important battle between the royal forces of Jogaila under Žygimantas Kęstutaitis and the forces of Švitrigaila allied with the Teutonic Order. After the town was taken by the royalists, it became a private property of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania and started to develop rapidly. However, less than a century later the town was yet again destroyed and burnt to the ground, this time by the forces of Muscovy in 1519. The recovery did not occur as quickly as the previous time and in 1537 the town was granted with several royal privileges to facilitate the reconstruction. In 1566 the town finally received a city charter based on the Magdeburg Law, which was later confirmed (along with the privileges for the local merchants and burghers) by king Jan III Sobieski in 1683. In 16th century the town also became one of the most notable centres of Calvinism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, after Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł founded a collegiate and a church there. // Events March 20 - Henry V becomes King of England Project of Annals of Joseon Dynasty began. ... Wilno Voivodship The Wilno Voivodship (Polish: , Lithuanian: ) (or Vilnius Voivodship) was the the capital Voivodship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the capital Voidvodship of Lithuania’s part in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... ... Pillars of Giedymin (Gedimino stulpai) Å vitrigaila (alternative spellings: ÅšwidrygieÅ‚Å‚o, Svitrigaylo, Svidryhajla, Svidrigailo, Swidrigailo; BolesÅ‚aw; ca 1370 – 10 February 1452 Łuck) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania during 1430 - 1432, Prince of Witebsk 1392 – 1393, 1430 – 1436, Podolia 1400 – 1402, Novhorod-Siversky 1404 – 1408, 1420 – 1438, Czernichow 1419 – 1430... Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ... The title of Grand Duke (Latin, Magnus Dux; German, Großherzog, Russian, Великий князь) used in Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic countries, is ranked in honour below King but higher than a sovereign Duke (Herzog) or Prince (Fürst). ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... Events January 7 - Pius V becomes Pope Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands. ... A city charter or town charter is a legal document establishing a municipality. ... The Magdeburg Rights (or Magdeburg law) were the laws of the Imperial Free City of Magdeburg during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, and possibly the most important set of Germanic medieval city laws. ... Jan III Sobieski (1629-1696) (also known in English literature as John Sobieski) was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Calvinism is a system of Christian theology and an approach to Christian life and thought within the Protestant tradition articulated by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and subsequently by successors, associates, followers and admirers of Calvin, his interpretation of Scripture, and perspective on Christian life and... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by odmiana Radziwill Parents Jerzy RadziwÅ‚Å‚ Barbara Kola Consorts Katarzyna Tomicka-LwiÅ„ska Children with Katarzyna Tomicka-LwiÅ„ska MikoÅ‚aj RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Krzysztof Piorun RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Date of Birth 1512 Place of Birth Wilno Date of Death April 27, 1584 Place of Death  ? Miko...

Coat of Arms, 1792

In 1792 king Stanisław August Poniatowski confirmed all the previous privileges and the fact, that the town of Oszmiany, as it was called back then, was a free city, subordinate only to the king and the local city council. It was also then that the town received the first Coat of Arms in its history. Composed of three fields parted per pale, it featured a shield, a hand holding a weigh and the Ciołek Coat of Arms, a personal coat of arms of the monarch. 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For other persons named StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski, see StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... CioÅ‚ek - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ...

Russian coat of arms of the town of Oszmiana, created after the November Uprising

In the effect of the Partitions of Poland of 1795, the town was annexed by Imperial Russia. During the November Uprising it was liberated by its inhabitants led by a local priest Jasiński and Colonel Count Karol Przeździecki. However, in April of 1831 the freedom fighters were forced to withdraw to the Naliboki forest. After a minor skirmish, a Russian expeditionary force of some 1500 men at arms arrived to the town, burnt it and decimated its inhabitants. After that the town received a new coat of arms in 1845. Gradually rebuilt, it never recovered from the losses and by the end of 19th century it was rather a provincial town, inhabitated primarily by Jewish immigrants from other parts of Russia. In 1912 the local Jewish community was allowed to build a large synagogue. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Partitions of Poland (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Padalijimas, Belarusian: Падзелы Рэчы Паспалітай) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

After the World War I and the Polish-Bolshevik War, the town returned to Poland. Between the Polish Defensive War of 1939 and 1941 the town was occupied by the USSR and then until 1944 by Nazi Germany. In 1945 annexed by the USSR to the Byelorussian SSR, since 1991 it is a part of Belarus. Polish-Bolshevik War Conflict Polish-Bolshevik War Date 1919–1921 Place Central and Eastern Europe Result Polish victory The Polish-Soviet War (also known as the Polish-Bolshevik War or the Polish-Russian War) was the war (February 1919 – March 1921) that determined the borders between the Russian... Combatants Poland Germany, Soviet Union, Slovakia Commanders Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Fedor von Bock (Army Group North), Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South), Mikhail Kovalov (Belorussian Front), Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front), Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ (Field Army Bernolak) Strength 39 divisions, 16 brigades, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 400 aircraft, Total: 950... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... State motto: Belarusian: Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Minsk Official language Belarusian, Polish, Russian and Yiddish (before WWII) Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until January 1, 1919 December 30, 1922 August 25, 1991 Area  - Total  - Water (%) Ranked 6th in the USSR 207,600 km² negligible Population  - Total   - Density... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Demography

• 1897 — 6400 citizens [1]
• 1907/08 — 8300 citizens
• 1974 — 10000 citizens (Great Soviet Encyclopedia)
• 1991 — 15200 citizens [2]
• 2004 — 14900 citizens
• 2006 — 14600 citizens [3]
• 2007 — 14269 citizens [4]

Buildings of Note

Panorama view

• Catholic church of St. Michael the Archangel
• Catholic church of Franciscan, built in 1822
• Synagogue, built in 1912
• Orthodox church of Resurrection, built in 1875
• Watermill

The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... Guido Renis archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Sta. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A synagogue (Hebrew: בית כנסת ; beit knesset, house of assembly; Yiddish: שול, shul; Ladino אסנוגה esnoga) is a Jewish place of religious worship. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Eastern Christianity. ... Look up Resurrection in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century) A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber production, or metal shaping (rolling, grinding or wire drawing). ...

Miscellaneous

• Alternate Names: Oshmyany, Oszmiana, Aschemynne, Oshmyany, Ašmena, Oshmana, Oshmene, Oshmina, Osmiany, Oszmiana, Ozmiana, Osmiana, Oßmiana (Middle Ages maps)
• Mentioned in: Memoirs of Baron Lejeune, Volume II, Chapter VII.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Ashmiany

• Current Coat of Arms of Ashmiany
• Lejeune book
• Photos on Radzima.org
• PolishRoots Description
• www.bfcollection.net
• www.tourgrodno.by
• www.eilatgordinlevitan.com

Coordinates: 54°25′N 25°56′E Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...