The East Asian Tigers, also known as Asia's Four Little Dragons (Simplified Chinese: 亚洲四小龙, Traditional Chinese: 亞洲四小龍; Pinyin: Yǎ Zhōu Sì Xiǎo Lóng) ("dragon" being a reference to China in Chinese culture), refers to the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. These territories and nations were noted for maintaining high growth rates and rapid industrialization between the early 1960s and 1990s. Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Hanyu pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; Hanyu Pinyin: , lit. ... This is the current collaboration of the week! Please help improve it to featured article standard. ... Accumulated GDP growth for various countries. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, the last decade of the 20th Century. ...

Background

The Central Area is the central business district and hub of economic transactions in Singapore, and is also the home of the Singapore Exchange, Asia-Pacific's first demutualised and integrated securities and derivatives exchange.

The four Tigers share a range of characteristics with other Asian economies, such as Japan and China, and pioneered what has come to be seen as a particularly "Asian" approach to economic development. Even the Philippines' economy was only second to Japan in the 1960's. Some of these countries were in the 1960s at similar levels of wealth as African countries which since then have largely stagnated; key differences include initial levels of education and physical access to world markets (in terms of transport infrastructure and access to coasts and navigable rivers, which are essential for cheap shipping). Singapores central business district Photo by Ricky W. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Singapores central business district Photo by Ricky W. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Central Area is the collective term for a group of financial and commercial districts in centre of Singapore which was previously otherwise known as the Central Business District and was renamed to accommodate the expanded function of the area. ... The central business district of Melbourne, Australia. ... Singapore Exchange (SGX) is the stock exchange in Singapore. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Over time, the term Tiger has become synonymous with nations that achieve high growth by pursuing an export-driven trade strategy. This entails creating Industrial Policy to attract high levels of foreign direct investments. More recently, the Southeast Asian nations of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand have often been considered Tigers. The term is not limited to Asian nations; in Europe, the Republic of Ireland has been called the Celtic Tiger for its rapid growth in the 1990s, while Estonia is known as the Baltic Tiger for its presently high growth rates while Chile has also been referred to as the Latin American Tiger for its solid economic policies and rapid export-led growth since the 1980s. Vietnam, although it has been developing rapidly since the fall of the Soviet Union, still lags far behind the other countries mentioned in this article, and so cannot yet be included as a so-called "Asian tiger". A fruit stand at a market. ... Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Cartoon of the Celtic Tiger - the press media in Ireland use pictures of green striped tigers to symbolise or sometimes mock the Celtic Tiger The Celtic Tiger is a nickname for the Republic of Ireland during its period of rapid economic growth between the 1990s and 2001 or 2002. ... This article is about the year. ... A glass skyscraper – an icon of Estonias economic boom Baltic Tiger is a term used to refer to any of the three Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - during their periods of economic boom, which started after the year 2000 and continues up to the present moment. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ...

Characteristics of the Tiger economies

Exchange Square in Central houses offices and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

The East Asian Tigers pursued an export-driven model of economic development; these territories and nations focused on developing goods for export to highly-industrialized nations. Domestic consumption was discouraged through government policies such as high tariffs. The East Asian Tigers singled out education as a means of improving productivity; these nations focused on improving the education system at all levels; heavy emphasis was placed on ensuring that all children attended elementary education and compulsory high school education. Money was also spent on improving the college and university system. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 641 KB)Hong Kong Exchange Square Photoed by Jerry Crimson Mann 10:30, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 641 KB)Hong Kong Exchange Square Photoed by Jerry Crimson Mann 10:30, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The entrance of the Exchange Square The Exchange Square (交易廣場) is a building located in Central, Hong Kong. ... The night view of the Central as viewed from Tsim Sha Tsui on the opposite side of the Victoria Harbour Central (Chinese: 中環; Jyutping: zung1 waan4; Cantonese IPA: ; Pinyin: Zhōnghuán) is an area located in Central and Western District, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. ... The Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Chinese: 香港交易所, also 港交所; abbreviated as SEHK and HKSE; HKEx: 0388) is the stock exchange of Hong Kong. ...

Since the East Asian Tigers were relatively poor during the 1960s, these nations had an abundance of cheap labour. Coupled with educational reform, they were able to leverage this combination into a cheap, yet productive workforce. The East Asian Tigers committed to egalitarianism in the form of land reform, to promote property rights and to ensure that agricultural workers would not become disgruntled. Also, policies of agricultural subsidies and tariffs on agricultural products were implemented as well. Egalitarianism is any moral or political theory that emphasizes the supposed equality of morally-significant beings. ... Land reform (also agrarian reform although that can have a broader meaning) is the government-initiated or government-backed redistribution of — i. ...

The common characteristics of the East Asian Tigers are:

• Focused on exports to richer industrialized nations
• Trade surplus with aforementioned countries
• Sustained rate of double-digit growth for decades
• Non-democratic and relatively authoritarian political systems during the early years
• High tariffs on imports
• Undervalued currencies
• High level of U.S. treasury bond holdings
• High savings rate

Criticism of the export-driven trade model

The skyline of Seoul, capital of South Korea

The East Asian Tigers were strongly affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which impacted each Tiger to varying degrees. While Taiwan was not as strongly affected, South Korea was badly battered by the crisis. Because of the focus on export-driven growth, many of the Tigers became caught up in a game of currency devaluation. The current criticism of the East Asian Tigers is that these economies focus exclusively on export-demand, at the cost of import-demand. Thus, these economies are heavily reliant on the economic health of their targeted export nations. In addition, these nations have met difficulties after they lost their initial competitive edge, cheap productive labour. India and China have now emerged as fast-growing economies based on cheap labour, largely replacing the Tigers. ImageMetadata File history File links Seoul_sykline. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Seoul_sykline. ... Seoul ( (help· info)) is the capital of South Korea (the Republic of Korea) and one of the most populous cities in the world. ... The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ...

Asian Financial Crisis

In the aftermath of the 1997 Asian Financial/Economic Crisis, many so called 'Asian Tigers' countries suffered deep depreciation of their currencies, stock market prices declined and social and political unrest. This was due to the withdrawl of capital foreign and domestic out of the East Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea. Prior to the financial crisis, all the Asian economies were enjoying very high economic growth, high interest rates to attract foreign investments.

Some economies were becoming overheated, stock prices were overvalued, property prices were skyhigh and investors were jittery and nervous. Because of the structural weaknesses in the regulatory framework, once capital flight began, the stock market nosedived and the major Asian currencies depreciated significantly. This caused social unrest, political instability, regime change and financial bailing out by the International Monetary Fund. This also gave impetus to some Asian governments to imposed capital controls to restrict foreign outflows and maintain monetary and financial stability. Malaysia maintained a currency peg to the US Dollar. Taiwan created legislation that any outgoing capital must be declared. However, they were no restrictions. The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ...

This issue relates directly to the East Asian Tiger since the crisis, most of the Asian economies have become financially sound, resilient institutions and companies and regulatory framework in place to prevent another crisis. This has also cajoled many Asian governments that the easy and predictable economic prosperity by pursuing Export-led growth and cheap labour cost won't last forever. To better compete with the manufacturing giants like China and India, they would have to create new industries, move up the value added chain and creating a vibrant services sector in their economies.

Comparisons

Mainland China

Main article: Economy of the People's Republic of China

Nanjing Road (南京路), one of the world's busiest shopping streets.

Comparison between mainland China and the Tigers can be divided between the Maoist era and the era of reform starting with Deng Xiaoping. The main question that has been raised with respect to the Maoist era is to what extent the economic performance of the Tigers was reproducible in Mainland China in the 1960s. The main question that has been raised with respect to the post-Maoist era is to what extent the development of the PRC is sustainable. For the purpose of this article, the economies of the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are considered separate from the rest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 319 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 319 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Nanjing Road one of the worlds busiest shopping streets. ... In this map of China, the light-coloured areas represent Mainland China, while yellow coloured area refers to Taiwan. ... Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛泽东思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), is a variant of Marxism-Leninism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893–1976). ... Economic reforms have triggered internal migrations within China. ... Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping (help· info) (Simplified Chinese: 邓小平; Traditional Chinese: 鄧小平; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CPC) who served as the de facto ruler of the Peoples Republic of China from the...

An important question is the relevance of the experience of the Tigers to current economic growth in Mainland China. In the 1980s it was common to argue that the export-centered growth of the Tigers was of limited relevance to Mainland China because the Tigers were small and any effort to mimic them would result in more exports than the developed world could handle. This objection was later less often raised since the pattern of economic growth has been for exports to trigger economic growth in the coastal regions, and for these coastal regions to serve as markets and triggers for growth in the interior.

Since the late 1990s, some of the heat has dissipated from this debate, in part because its become of more historical than current interest: as a result of the Deng Xiaoping reforms, the PRC has one of the world's highest rates of per capita GDP growth. Furthermore, the Communist Party of China and Kuomintang today both view Taiwan independence as a common adversary and are much less likely to assert superiority over the other. Ironically, and to the chagrin of many Westerners, it is now common for the Communist Party of China to use the experience of the Asian Tigers as justification for its authoritarian rule. The argument by the Party is that at the current stage of economic development the PRC needs a non-democratic system similar to those that the Tigers had in the early years of growth. The Communist Party of China (CPC) or Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhōngguó Guómíndǎng), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. ... Taiwan independence (Chinese: 台灣獨立, pinyin: Táiwān dúlì, Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p; abbreviated to 台獨, Táidú, Tâi-to̍k) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan (out of the lands...

India

Main article: Economy of India

Since Liberalisation, India has relaxed controls on foreign exchange, imports and foreign investment. This has lead to increased disposable incomes, especially in urban areas and cheaper consumer goods. Pictured here is a shopping area in Bangalore.

India has not had a land reform as consistent and thorough as Korea's or Taiwan's. Once having been the largest economy of the ancient world, controlling an estimated 32.9% of the world's gross domestic product in the first century CE, and later losing a large share in the time of colonial occupation, the modern perception of India as a third-world country perhaps does not do justice to the antiquity, culture and wealth of its civilisation, which all point to it being an ancient hub of world trade and economic liberalism in the ancient and medieval world. The liberalisation of the post-colonial Indian economy occurred in 1991 under the finance minister, Manmohan Singh, the current prime minister of India. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, India's socialist-inspired economic policies which had stagnated growth in the 1970s, after initial periods of success in recovering the country from British occupation, were put under pressure as India's main supporter dissappeared, and a balance of payment crisis, as well as rapid decline in foreign exchange reserves threatened financial meltdown. The economy of India is the fourth-largest in the world as measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), with a GDP of US $3. ... Image File history File links Image taken from http://www. ... Image File history File links Image taken from http://www. ... Foreign exchange has several meanings: In telecommunications, Foreign exchange service is a type of network service. ... Bangalore (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) (pronounced // in Kannada and // in English) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... // Indus valley civilization The Indus valley civilization, the first known permanent and predominantly urban settlement that flourished between 2800 BC to 1800 BC boasted of an advanced and thriving economic system. ... Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a calculation method in national accounting (see Measures of national income and output) is defined as the total value of final goods and services produced within a countrys borders in a year, regardless of ownership. ... British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ... The History of India can be traced in fragments to as far back as 700,000 years ago. ... This article discusses liberalism as a major political ideology as it developed and stands currently. ... The economy of India is the fourth-largest in the world as measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), with a GDP of US $3. ... 1991 (MCMXCI in Roman) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is the fourteenth, and current Prime Minister of India. ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of India. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ... Foreign exchange has several meanings: In telecommunications, Foreign exchange service is a type of network service. ...

India already has a large intellectual and educated class able to export services. This will assist the transition and evidence of it can already be seen with the growth of the software and call center industries. If the intellectual class can grow and create consumer demand for home produced items, as they appear to be doing, this will benefit skilled worker class and speed up the transition. India is on the path of continuous development, but its policy of development is not similar to the policies of the tigers. The current flow of FDI stands at 50 billion dollars for the year 2003-2004. It currently is the fourth largest economy in the world (by PPP terms) and is expected to overtake Japan by the end of 2006 making it the third largest economy in the world. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. ... The word billion and its equivalents in other languages refer to one of two different numbers, depending on whether the writer is using the long or short scale. ... Alternate uses: Dollar (disambiguation) The dollar is the name of the official currency in several countries, dependencies and other regions (see list below). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Some fringe scholars maintain that the success of the four tigers is related to a Confucian ethos, and that India, with its largely Hindu religious/cultural background will have difficulties replicating their results. Others maintain that the development of India has refuted this claim, with India only lagging because economic reforms occurred 10 years after those of China. This entire argument is perhaps rooted in ignorance of the values which Indian and East Asian culture shares anyway, with dharmic/Indic culture having the same kind of ethos, and sharing many aspects of culture over thousands of years of close Indian-East Asian cultural interation. This is especially apparent in the spread of Buddhist/Hindu philosophy and art to South East Asia and East Asia. Also, the success of many heavily Indian influenced cultures such as Indonesia, Singapore and other South East Asian nations, which have been closely assotiated with India and Indian philosophy for millenia, and hold significant modern Indian and indiginous Sikh, Buddhist or Hindu communities refutes this. The name Confucius is a Jesuit romanization of Kong Fuzi, literally meaning Master Kong. ... India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with one of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. ... Geographic scope of East Asia East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Dharma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The usefulness of dividing philosophy into Western philosophy and other philosophies is open to challenge, not the least for speaking down to those other philosophies. ... Arts and entertainment in India have a rich and ancient history. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Geographic scope of East Asia East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The term Indian philosophy may refer to any of several traditions of philosophical thought, including: Hindu philosophy Buddhist philosophy Jain philosophy Carvaka philosophy See also Important publications in Indian philosophy This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Hinduism (Sanskrit/Hindi: ; also known as Sanātana Dharma - , and Vaidika Dharma - ) is a worldwide religious tradition that is based on the Vedas, and is generally regarded as one of the oldest religions still practised in the world. ...

Taiwan: A case study

Main article: Economy of Taiwan

A view of Taipei, with Shilin Night Market to the right, and the Jiantan metro station in the middle-left.

The Asian Tigers’ spectacular ascent to economic prominence attracted much attention and analysis. Some Western economists, notably at the World Bank, depicted it as a vindication of free-market principles, and this interpretation of the Tigers' success formed large part of the Washington consensus. This view is not without controversy. Many economists have pointed out that the governments of the tigers were quite active in their economies. East Asian Tigers all practiced aggressive land reform and made large investments in public health and elementary education. In addition, while the tigers relied on export markets to develop their economies, they also put in place high trade barriers which protected local industries from foreign competition. Some Western observers have argued that Mainland China would have reached Taiwan's contemporary level of development if the Kuomintang had stayed in power. However, this claim has been discredited by those citing that Taiwan is by no means a microcosm of the Mainland. The Republic of China on Taiwan and other islands has a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing guidance of investment and foreign trade by the government. ... A view of Taipei including the Shilin district, TRTS rail station, view of a river, and typical haze. ... A view of Taipei including the Shilin district, TRTS rail station, view of a river, and typical haze. ... City nickname: the City of Azaleas Capital District Xinyi Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 16 of 25 271. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... The Washington Consensus is a set of policies promulgated by many neoliberal economists as a formula for promoting economic growth in many parts of Latin America by introducing various market-oriented economic reforms which are designed to make the target economy more like that of First World countries such as...

First, one million Kuomintang supporters fled to the island in 1949, establishing the small island of six million as the seat of the Republic of China. Taiwan thus benefited from the flight of many well-educated, bourgeois Chinese. A disproportionately high share of the immigrants were governing elites, merchants, Chinese capitalists, and well-educated professionals. However, a large number (60%) were also poorly-educated Kuomintang soldiers, the wave of immigrants was not a reflection of Chinese society. Furthermore, many in the ROC leadership accused of corruption and incompetence on the mainland were either exiled or purged from the Kuomintang following defeat in the civil war. National motto: None Official language Mandarin Chinese Capital and largest city Taipei President Chen Shui-bian Vice President Annette Lu Premier Su Tseng-chang Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 138th 35,980 km² 2. ... Combatants Chinese Kuomintang Chinese Communist Party Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength Casualties {{{notes}}} The Chinese Civil War (Traditional Chinese: 國共内戰; Simplified Chinese: 国共内战; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Nationalist-Communist Civil War) was a conflict in China between the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party; KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CCP). ...

Taipei City at night

Second, Taiwan, and for that matter all four of the Tigers, benefitted economically from previous foreign rule or influence, whether it was British commerce in Hong Kong and Singapore, or Japanese industrialization and American land reform in Taiwan. In a sense, Taiwan benefited from Marx's export of the dialectic through imperialism. Furthermore, three of the Tigers were an artificial polities severed from larger neighbors—Mainland China in the case of Taiwan and Hong Kong, Malaysia in the case of Singapore (the latter two are also city-states). Likewise, South Korea was a product of postwar division and bloody civil war. Each therefore felt acute insecurity, which was translated into political structures that restricted civil liberties and subordinated short-term social well-being for economic growth. Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1388 KB)Birdseye view of Taipei City, Taiwan at night, looking towards Taipei Main Station in the Chungcheng District. ... Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1388 KB)Birdseye view of Taipei City, Taiwan at night, looking towards Taipei Main Station in the Chungcheng District. ... City nickname: the City of Azaleas Capital District Xinyi Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 16 of 25 271. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883 London) was an influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary organizer of the International Workingmens Association. ... Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial conquest or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. ...

Night view of Taipei from the Taipei 101 observation deck

Third and perhaps most important, Taiwan's economy could not, wrenched in quick succession from Japan's orbit and then mainland China's, have developed without direct American aid, which constituted more than 30 percent of domestic investment from 1951 to 1962. Land reform, government planning, U.S. aid and investment, and free universal education brought huge advancement in industry and agriculture, and in living standards. In addition, land reform was an essential step in modernization. In conducting land reform on Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek was aided by American encouragement in addition to the fact that many of the large landowners were Japanese who had fled there after World War II, and the remaining indigenous landowners had little voice in government. Most agree that it is extremely unlikely that Chiang Kai-shek would have revolutionized Mainland Chinese society to that extent if he had defeated the Communists led by Mao Zedong. Download high resolution version (2046x1228, 1200 KB)Birdseye view of Taipei City, Taiwan at night, looking east towards the Chungcheng District and the Tamsui River beyond. ... Download high resolution version (2046x1228, 1200 KB)Birdseye view of Taipei City, Taiwan at night, looking east towards the Chungcheng District and the Tamsui River beyond. ... City nickname: the City of Azaleas Capital District Xinyi Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 16 of 25 271. ... Taipei 101 (Traditional Chinese: 臺北101 or 台北101; Simplified Chinese: 台北101; Pinyin: TáibÄ›i YÄ«língyÄ«; Wade-Giles: Tai-Pei I-Ling I) is a 101-floor skyscraper located in Taipei, Taiwan. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 8 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a military conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. ...

In summary, the transformation of Taiwan cannot be understood without reference to the larger geopolitical framework. Although aid was cut back in the 1970s, it was crucial in the formative years, spurring industrialization. In addition, even after the cutoff of aid, security and economic links were maintained. Uncertainty about the U.S. commitment accelerated the country’s shift from subsidized import-substitution in the 1950s to later export-led growth. Like South Korea, Taiwan moved from cheap, labor-intensive manufactures, such as textiles and toys, into an expansion of heavy industry and infrastructure in the 1970s, and then to advanced electronics in the subsequent decades. In response, it has been argued that the role of United States aid and direct investment is overstated. In particular, it is pointed out that the capital for investment came largely from indigenous sources and that foreign aid had ended before the economy had taken off. Since a large number were poorly-educated soldiers, the wave of immigrants was not a reflection of Chinese society. However, indisputably, a disproportionately high share of the immigrants were governing elites, merchants, Chinese capitalists, and well-educated professionals. It has been suggested that Textile manufacturing be merged into this article or section. ... A display of Roman toys, including several that would be familiar to children today: a doll, dice, rattles, and toy dishes for playing house. ... This is a hub page for electronics. ...

See also

• Celtic Tiger
• Economy of Taiwan
• Economy of Hong Kong
• Economy of South Korea
• Economy of Singapore
• East Asia

Cartoon of the Celtic Tiger - the press media in Ireland use pictures of green striped tigers to symbolise or sometimes mock the Celtic Tiger The Celtic Tiger is a nickname for the Republic of Ireland during its period of rapid economic growth between the 1990s and 2001 or 2002. ... The Republic of China on Taiwan and other islands has a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing guidance of investment and foreign trade by the government. ... The economy of Hong Kong has often been cited by people such as Milton Friedman and the Cato Institute as an example of the benefits of laissez-faire capitalism. ... South Koreas economic growth over the past 35 years has been spectacular. ... The Economy of Singapore is a highly developed and successful free market economy in which the state plays a major role. ... Geographic scope of East Asia East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ...

External links

• BBC map of the Asian Tigers
• ASEAN tigers