NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Asian Economy

The economy of Asia comprises more than 4 billion people (60% of the world population), living in 46 different states. In addition to this there are six further states that lie partly in Asia, but are considered to belong to another region economically and politically. Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ... Map of world GDP (PPP) by country using the IMF and World Bank lists for 2004 There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita, based on the 2005 IMF data. ... A millionaire is a person who has a net worth or wealth of more than one million United States dollars, euros, UK pounds or units of a comparably valued currency. ... An 1837 political cartoon about unemployment in the United States. ... Income, generally defined, is the money that is received as a result of the normal business activities of an individual or a business. ... The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world. ... This article needs to be updated. ... The economy of Africa comprises approximately 887 million people as of July 2005 living in 54 different states. ... The economy of Europe is comprised of more than 665 million people in 48 different states. ... This article is a blank template based on the Economy of Europe article, therefore many headings and dates etc. ... The economy of Oceania is comprised of more than. ... The economy of South America comprises more than 360 million people living in 14 states and territories. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... The world population is the total number of humans alive on the planet Earth at a given time. ... A state is an organized political community, occupying a territory, and possessing internal and external sovereignty, that enforces a monopoly on the use of force. ...

As in all world regions, the wealth of Asia differs widely between, and within, states. This is due to its vast size, meaning a huge range of differing cultures, environments, historical ties and government systems. The largest economy in Asia in terms of nominal GDP is Japan, the smallest East Timor (although there is currently no reliable data for either Iraq or North Korea). This demonstrates the huge disparity in wealth in Asia, with Japan being the world's second largest economy, and North Korea being one of the poorest. In terms of Purchasing Power Parity however, the People's Republic of China has the largest economy in Asia and the second largest in the world, followed by Japan and India as the world's third and fourth largest economies respectively. South Korea is also one of the largest economies in Asia. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Economic development

to be completed - dates taken from European version, need to be changed to reflect major economic changes in Asia

Pre-1945

Asia was relatively rich in the ancient times. China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east, and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of the ancient culture of India personified Asia, attracting European commerce, exploration and colonialism. The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination. The Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. In the Straits of Malacca, Malacca established itself as an important port in Asia. For other uses, see Silk Road (disambiguation). ... The Straits of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Prior to World War II, most of Asia was under colonial rule. Only relatively few managed to stay independent in face of constant pressure from many European powers. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... See colony and colonisation for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism. ...

Japan in particular managed to develop its economy thanks to reformation done in the 19th century. The reformation was comprehensive and is today known as the Meiji Restoration. The Japanese economy continued to grow well into the 20th century. Their ever increasing economy created various shortages of resources essential to economic growth. As a result, the Japanese expansion began and a great part of Korea and China were annexed and thus, allowing the Japanese to secure strategic resources. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: æ˜Žæ²»ç¶æ–°, Meiji-ishin), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to a change in Japans political and social structure. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Korea (Korean: (ì¡°ì„ or í•œêµ, see below) is a civilization and geographical area situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia, bordering China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast, with Japan situated to the southeast across the Korea Strait. ...

At the same time, Southeast Asia was prospering due to trade and the introduction of various new technologies of that time. The volume of trade continued to increase with the opening of the Suez Canal in the 1860s. Singapore, founded in 1819, rose to prominence as trade between the east and the west increased at an incredible rate. The British colony of Malaya, now part of Malaysia, was the world's largest producer of tin and rubber. The Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia, on the other hand, was known for its spices production. Both the British and the Dutch created their own trading companies to manage their trade flow in Asia. The British created the British East India Company while the Dutch formed Dutch East India Company. Both companies maintained trade monopolies of their respective colonies. Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal. ... // Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States is built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ... Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants though can be produced synthetically. ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands-IndiÃ«) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... External links Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Spice Food Bacteria-Spice Survey Shows Why Some Cultures Like It Hot Citat: ...Garlic, onion, allspice and oregano, for example, were found to be the best all-around bacteria killers (they kill everything). ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intent to favour trade privileges in India. ... Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ...

In 1908, crude oil was first discovered in Persia, modern day Iran. Afterwards, many oil fields were discovered and it was learnt later that the Mideast possesses the world's largest oil stocks. This made the rulers of the Arab nations very rich though the socioeconomic development in that region lagged behind. 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra â€“ rock and oleum â€“ oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

In the early 1930s, the world underwent a global economic depression, today known as the Great Depression. Asia was not spared, and suffered the same pain as Europe and the United States. The volume of trade decreased dramatically all around Asia and indeed the world. With falling demand, prices of various goods starting to fall and further impoverished locals and foreigners alike. In 1941, Japan invaded Malaya and thus began World War II in Asia. This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... In economics, a depression is a term commonly used for a sustained downturn in the economy. ... The Great Depression was known as a worldwide economic downturn, starting in 1929 and lasting through most of the 1930s. ... The supply and demand model describes how prices vary as a result of a balance between product availability at each price (supply) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ...

1945-1990

During these years, the People's Republic of China and India, which accounts for half of the population of Asia, adopted socialist policies. These policies limited the economic growth of this region. In contrast, the economies of Japan and the four East Asian Tigers were economic success stories and the only successful economies outside of North America and Western Europe. Wars driven by the Cold War, notably in Vietnam and Afghanistan, wrecked the economies of these respective nations. The term East Asian Tigers (Simplified Chinese: äºšæ´²å››å°é¾™; Traditional Chinese: äºžæ´²å››å°é¾; Pinyin: yÇŽzhÅu sÃ¬ xiÇŽo lÃ³ng (lit. ... The Cold War was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States, supported by their alliance partners. ...

When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1990-91 many Central Asian states were cut free and were forced to adapt to pressure for democratic and economic change. Also, several of the USSR's allies lost valuable aid and funding. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

1991-2004

After the liberalization of the economy of India, undertaken by the then finance minister and current Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Indian economy coupled with the Chinese economy which was already booming with the wise economic measures undertaken by Jiang Zemin powered Asia to being one of the hotspots for world trade. Currently, as these two economies are growing at well over 6% per year, Asia has started showing its potential. One of the favorable (or unfavorable, depending upon one's point of view) factors is the sheer size of the population in this region. The economy of India is the fourth largest in the world as measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), with a GDP of US $3. ... The Finance Minister of India is a cabinet position in the Government of India. ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of India. ... Dr. Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is the 13th, and current Prime Minister of India. ... JiÄng ZÃ©mÃn (born August 17, 1926) was the core of the third generation of Communist Party of China leaders, serving as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the Peoples Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and...

Meanwhile, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia emerged as the new Asian tigers with their GDPs growing well above 7% per year in the 1980s and the 90s. Their economies were mainly driven by growing exports. The Philippines only began to open up its once-stagnant economy in the early 1990's. Vietnam's economy began to grow in 1995, shortly after the US and Vietnam restored economic and political ties. MacGyver - 1980s hero The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ...

Throughout the 1990s, the manufacturing ability and cheap labor markets in Asian developing nations allowed companies there to establish themselves in many of the industries previously dominated by companies from developed nations. Asia became one of the largest sources of automobiles, machinery, audio equipment and other electronics. The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ... Car redirects here. ... A machine is any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of tasks. ... The field of electronics is the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons (or other charge carriers) in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors. ...

At the end of 1997, Thailand was hit by currency speculators and the value of the Baht along with its annual growth rate fell dramatically. Soon after, the crisis spread to Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and many other Asian economies and inflicted great economic damage on the affected countries though Japan were relatively unaffected. In fact, some of the economies, most notably those of Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea actually contracted. This later would be known as the Asian financial crisis. By 1999, most countries had already recovered from the crisis. 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Speculation involves the buying, holding, and selling of stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, collectibles, real estate, derivatives or any valuable financial instrument to profit from fluctuations in its price as opposed to buying it for use or for income via methods such as dividends or interest. ... Thai banknotes and coins. ... The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

In 2004, parts of Sumatra and South Asia were severely damaged by an earthquake and the subsequent tsunami. The natural disaster wiped out huge amounts of infrastructure throughout the affected area and displaced millions. 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The tsunami caused by the December 26, 2004 earthquake strikes Ao Nang, Thailand. ...

to be completed - dates taken from European version, need to be changed to reflect major economic changes in Asia

Future

Asia faces severe disparities, which is a source of major tension in the region. While "Tiger Economies" such as China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan (ROC), India, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia keep powering their way through, and Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines have entered the path to long-term growth, there are regions right next to these countries that are in need of severe assistance.

Clearly, given the large number cheap and amply available labor in the region, particularly in China and India, where their large workforce gives them an economical advantage over other countries, the rising standard of living in these countries will eventually lead to a slow-down. Asia is also riddled with political problems that threaten not just the economies, but also the general stability of the region and world. The nuclear neighbors - China, India and Pakistan constantly pose a threat to each other, causing their governments to heavily invest in military spending. North Korea continues to threaten South Korea and Japan, something which is a cause of grave concern. A military budget of an entity, most often a nation or a state is the budget and financial resources dedicated to raising and maintaining armed forces for that entity. ...

Military intervention by the United States in Afghanistan and Iraq has also fanned the flames of the extremism and resulted in several terrorist attacks in a number of Asian countries. Another impending crisis is the running out of oil reserves in Arabia region. Most of these economies have traditionally been over-dependent on oil and are finding hard to establish another pillar in their economy.

Yet another potential danger posed by the economy of Asia to the rest of the world is the growing accumulation of foreign exchange reserves. The countries with the largest foreign reserves are all in Asia (Japan ($838 billion, March 2005), China ( Mainland $659 billion, Hong Kong $122 billion, March 2005), Taiwan ($251 billion, March 2005), Singapore ($119 billion, June 2005), the Republic of Korea ($205 billion, March 2005), India ($141 billion, March 2005)). This increasingly means that the interchangeability of the Euro, USD, and GBP are heavily influenced by Asian central banks. Foreign exchange reserves are the foreign currency deposits held by national banks of different nations. ...

While some parts of Asia are clearly headed in the correct direction, others are headed toward a disaster, making the prediction of the economic future of this region impossible.

Regional variation

Trade blocs

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a group of Pacific Rim countries who meet with the purpose of improving economic and political ties Download high resolution version (3543x1959, 672 KB) This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Download high resolution version (3543x1959, 672 KB) This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a group of Pacific Rim countries who meet with the purpose of improving economic and political ties. ... Map of the Pacific Rim and List of the Pacific Rim Nations The USS Abraham Lincoln Battle Group along with ships from Australia, Chile, Japan, Canada, and Korea speed towards Honolulu in RIMPAC 2000. ...

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a political, economic, and cultural organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. Founded in 1967, its aim is to foster cooperation and mutual assistance among members. The countries meet annually every November in summits. Image File history File links Flag_of_ASEAN.svg Description Flag of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_ASEAN.svg Description Flag of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ... The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a political and economic organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. ... The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a political and economic organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. ...

The current member countries of ASEAN are Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Indonesia. Papua New Guinea is given an observer status. The Sultanate of Brunei, more commonly referred to as Brunei Darussalam or simply Brunei, is an oil-rich country located on the island of Borneo, in southeast Asia. ... In general, an observer is any system which receives information from an object. ...

In 2005 ASEAN was instrumental in establishing the East Asia Summit (involving all ASEAN members plus China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand) which some have proposed may become in the future a trade bloc, the arrangements for which are far from certain and not yet clear. The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a pan-Asia forum to be held annually by the leaders of 16 countries in East Asia and the region, with ASEAN in a leadership position. ...

The Asian Currency Unit (ACU) is a proposed currency unit for the ASEAN "10+3" economic circle. (ASEAN, the mainland of the People's Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea). The Asian Currency Unit (ACU) is a proposed currency unit for ASEAN 10+3 economic circle (ASEAN, the mainland of the Peoples Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea). ...

Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

The Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) is an economic agreement between the People's Republic of China and both the Hong Kong SAR government (signed on 29 June 2003), and the Macau SAR government (signed on 18 October, 2003), in order to promote trade and investment facilitation. The Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) is an economic agreement between the Hong Kong SAR government and the Peoples Republic of China central government, signed on June 29, 2003. ...

The main aims of CEPA are to eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barrier on substantially all the trade in goods between the three, and achieve liberalization of trade in services through reduction or elimination of substantially all discriminatory measures.

Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a confederation consisting of 12 of the 15 states of the former Soviet Union, both Asian and European, (the exceptions being the three Baltic states). Although the CIS has few supranational powers, it is more than a purely symbolic organization and possesses coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking and security. The most significant issue for the CIS is the establishment of a full-fledged free trade zone / economic union between the member states, to be launched in 2005. It has also promoted cooperation on democratisation and cross-border crime prevention. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_CIS.svg Flag of the Commonwealth of Independent States. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_CIS.svg Flag of the Commonwealth of Independent States. ... Headquarters Minsk, Belarus Member states 11 member states 1 associate member Working language Russian Executive Secretary Vladimir Rushailo Formation December 21, 1991 Official website http://cis. ... A confederation is an association of sovereign states, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... World map showing Europe Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... Baltic states and the Baltic Sea The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a term which nowadays refers to three countries in Northern Europe: Estonia Latvia Lithuania Prior to World War II, Finland was sometimes considered, particularly by the Soviet Union, a fourth Baltic state. ...

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an association of 7 countries of South Asia, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. These countries comprise an area of 4 480 000 km² and a fifth of the population of the world. Membership 8 member states 4 observers Secretariat Headquarters Kathmandu Established December 8, 1985 Secretary General Chenkyab Dorji Official website http://www. ...

SAARC encourages cooperation in agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, health, population control, narcotics control and anti-terrorism.

South Asia Free Trade Agreement (proposed)

The South Asia Free Trade Agreement is an agreement reached at the 12th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation summit. It creates a framework for the creation of a free trade zone covering 1.6 billion people in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan and the Maldives. The South Asia Free Trade Agreement is an agreement reached at the 12th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit at Islamabad, capital of Pakistan on 6 January 2004. ... Membership 8 member states 4 observers Secretariat Headquarters Kathmandu Established December 8, 1985 Secretary General Chenkyab Dorji Official website http://www. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ...

Currency

Below is a list of the currencies of Asia, including all fully Asian states plus Russia, with exchange rates between each currency and both the Euro and US Dollars ^{as of 9th December 2004}.

Table correct as of 9th December 2004 (see [1] for latest) Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan. ... The afghani is the official currency used in Afghanistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bahrain. ... The Bahraini Dinar is the official currency of Bahrain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bangladesh. ... The Taka is the official currency of Bangladesh. ... Bangladesh Bank is the central bank of Bangladesh. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bhutan. ... The ngultrum (BTN) is the currency of Bhutan, subdivided into 100 chertrums. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Brunei. ... The Brunei dollar (ISO 4217: BND) is pegged to the Singapore dollar at a 1:1 trade ratio. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cambodia. ... Riel (Khmer: , Symbol ) is the national currency of Cambodia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ä¸å›½å¤§é™†; Traditional Chinese: ä¸åœ‹å¤§é™¸; Pinyin: ZhÅnggÃºo DÃ lÃ¹, lit. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hong_Kong. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macau. ... 100 Renminbi Yuan issued in 1999 The renminbi (Simplified Chinese: äººæ°‘å¸; Traditional Chinese: äººæ°‘å¹£; Pinyin: rÃ©nmÃnbÃ¬; literally peoples currency) or the yuan (Chinese: å…ƒ or åœ†; Hanyu Pinyin: yuÃ¡n) is the official currency in the mainland of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... The Hong Kong dollar (currency code HKD) is the currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China, and has been the currency of Hong Kong since 1937. ... The pataca is the monetary unit of Macau (currency code MOP; Chinese: æ¾³é–€åœ“), made up of 100 avos. ... The Peoples Bank of China (PBC) (Simplified Chinese: ä¸å›½äººæ°‘é“¶è¡Œ; Traditional Chinese: ä¸åœ‹äººæ°‘éŠ€è¡Œ; pinyin: ZhÅngguÃ³ RÃ©nmÃn YÃnhÃ¡ng ) (not to be confused with the Bank of China or the Central Bank of China) is the central bank of the Peoples Republic of China with the power to... The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (é¦™æ¸¯é‡‘èžç®¡ç†å±€) or HKMA (é‡‘ç®¡å±€) in short is a government authority founded on 1st April 1993 in Hong Kong from the consolidation of the Office of the Exchange Fund and the Office of the Commissioner of Banking. ... The Monetary Authority of Macau (澳門金融管理局; AMCM as the abbreviation retained from the past; Autoridade Monetaria de Macau, in Portuguese) is a regulatory institution established on December 20, 1999, upon the return of the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) to the Peoples Republic of China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China. ... Motto: None Anthem: National Anthem of the ROC Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure) 1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (GuoyÃ¼) Government â€¢ President â€¢ Vice President â€¢ Premier Multiparty democracy Chen Shui-bian Annette Lu Su Tseng-chang Establishment â€¢ Xinhai Revolution Declared October 10, 1911 Established January... The New Taiwan Dollar (æ–°è‡ºå¹£ or æ–°å°å¹£; ISO 4217 code TWD; common abbreviation NT$), or simply Taiwan Dollar, is the currency of the Republic of China (Taiwan). ... The Central Bank of China (ä¸å¤®éŠ€è¡Œ) is the central bank of the Republic of China (on Taiwan). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_East_Timor. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... The one Rupee banknote. ... The RBI headquarters in Mumbai The RBI office tower opposite the headquarters in Mumbai Entrance to the tower The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India, and was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ... The 1998-2001 series of rupiah banknotes The Rupiah (Rp) is the currency of Indonesia (ISO 4217 currency code IDR). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... 20,000 Iranian rials The rial (Ø±ÛŒØ§Ù„ in Persian; ISO 4217 code IRR) is the official currency of Iran. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... A new twenty-five thousand dinar note The Iraqi dinar (ISO 4217: IQD, pronounced: di-nÃ¤r) is the legal currency of Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... 1 sheqel coin (1994â€“5). ... Bank of Israel logo The Bank of Israel is the central bank of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan_bordered. ... Japanese 10 yen coin (obverse) showing Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Yen is the currency used in Japan. ... The Bank of Japan has its headquarters in this building in Tokyo. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... The Jordanian dinar (ISO 4217 code JOD) is the official currency of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the first official one in the State of Palestine. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kazakhstan. ... Tenge is the monetary unit of Kazakhstan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... 5000 KPW issued in 2002 The won is the currency of North Korea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Korea. ... The won is the currency of South Korea. ... Bank of Korea is the national central bank of the Republic of Korea (South Korea). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kuwait. ... The Kuwaiti Dinar (ISO 4217 code KWD) is Kuwaits official currency. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan. ... Five Kyrgyzstani Som Note (1997) 100 Kyrgystani Som Notes (2002) The Kyrgyzstani Som (sometimes transliterated Sum or Soum) is the currency of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Laos. ... Kip is the currency of Laos. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... The Lebanese pound (Arabic lira, French livre, ISO 4217: LBP) is the currency unit of Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malaysia. ... Ringgit (Malay for jagged) mostly refers to the Malaysian ringgit, which is the local currency in Malaysia, but it can also refer to the Singapore dollar and Brunei dollar in the Malay language. ... Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is the Malaysian central bank. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Maldives. ... 100 rufiya currently in use now. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mongolia. ... The Tugrug (төгрөк in Mongolian) (MNT, Tugrik) is the official currency of Mongolia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Myanmar. ... The kyat (ISO 4217 code MMK) is the official currency of Myanmar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nepal. ... A Nepalese 1 rupee note The rupee (Nepali:à¤°à¥‚à¤ªà¥ˆà¤¯à¤¾à¤) is the official currency of Nepal. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ... The Omani rial (ISO 4217 code OMR) is the official currency of Oman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Pakistan. ... The Pakistani rupee (PKR) is the currency of Pakistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... The West Bank map The Gaza Strip map Palestinian territories is one of a number of terms used to describe, from Arab point of view, areas captured by Israel in the Six-day War of 1967, whose political status has been the subject of negotiations between Israel and the Palestine... The shekel (also spelled sheqel) refers to one of many ancient units of weight. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... The Philippine peso (Filipino: piso) is the official currency of the Philippines. ... The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) is the Republic of the Philippines. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Qatar. ... 500 riyal note front 500 riyal note back The Qatari riyal (currency code QAR) is the official currency of Qatar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... The ruble or rouble (Russian: , plural ; see note on spelling below) is the name of the currencies of the Russian Federation and Belarus (and formerly, of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire). ... Bank of Russia (Russian:Банк России) or The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Russian: Центральный банк Российской Федерации) is a Central bank of Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Categories: Stub | Currencies ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Singapore. ... SGD redirects here. ... The Monetary Authority of Singapore is Singapores central bank. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sri_Lanka. ... The rupee is the official currency of Sri Lanka, divided into 100 cents. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... The Syrian pound or Syrian Lira as it is called in Arabic, is the form of currency used in Syria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tajikistan. ... Somoni is the currency of Tajikistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Thailand. ... Thai banknotes and coins. ... The Bank of Thailand (ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย) is the central bank of the Thailand. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkmenistan. ... The manat is the currency unit of Turkmenistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates. ... The Dirham is the currency of the United Arab Emirates. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uzbekistan. ... The som (soâ€˜m in Uzbek) is the currency of Uzbekistan in Central Asia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vietnam. ... WHAT DO U THINK IT MEANS? See Also Long Dong Silver -pwned ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ... The Yemeni rial or Yemeni riyal is the currency of the Middle Eastern nation of Yemen. ...

Economic sectors

Primary Sector

Asia is by a considerable margin the largest in the world, and is rich in natural resources. The vast expanse of the former Soviet Union, particularly that of Russia, contains a huge variety of metals, such as gold, iron, lead, titanium, uranium, and zinc. These metals are mined, but not in an efficient manner due to continued use of poorly maintained, obsolete machinery left over from the communist era. Despite the inefficiency of the mining industry, profits are high due to a commodity price boom in 2003/2004 caused largely by increased demand in China. Oil is Southwest Asia's most important natural resource. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Kuwait are rich in oil reserves and have benefited from recent oil price escalations. Asia is home to some four billion people, and thus has a well established tradition in agriculture. High productivity in agriculture, especially of rice, allows high population density of many countries such as Bangladesh, southern China, Cambodia, India, and Vietnam. Agriculture constitutes a high portion of land usage in warm and humid areas of Asia. Many hillsides are farmed in a terrace method to boost arable land. The main agricultural products in Asia include rice, wheat, and chicken. Opium is one of major cash crops in Central and Southeast Asia, particularly in Afghanistan, though its production is prohibited everywhere. Forestry is extensive throughout Asia except Southwest and Central Asia, with many of the items of furniture sold in the developed nations made out of Asian timber. Fishing is a major source of food in Asia, particularly in Japan. General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish white Atomic mass 207. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Atomic mass 238. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) of grass, native to tropical and subtropical southeastern Asia and to Africa, which together provide more than one fifth of the calories consumed by humans[1]. Rice is an annual plant, growing to 1-1. ... Species T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat (Triticum spp. ... Trinomial name Gallus gallus domesticus A chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated bird which is often raised as a type of poultry. ... Opium is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum). ...

Secondary Sector

The manufacturing sector in Asia has traditionally been strongest in the East region - particularly in China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea and Singapore. The industry varies from manufacturing cheap low value goods such as toys to high-tech added value goods such as computers, CD players, Games consoles and cars. Major Asian manufacturing companies include Sony, Samsung, LG, Toyota, Honda, and Nissan. Many developed-nation firms from Europe, North America, and Japan have significant operations in the developing Asia to take avantage of the abundant supply of cheap labor. One of the major employers in manufacturing in Asia is the textile industry. Much of the world's supply of clothing and footwear now originates in Southeast Asia, particularly in Vietnam, China, Thailand, and Indonesia. Teddy bear A toy is something to play with, for children, adults or both, or pets. ... The IBM ThinkCentre A Series is a popular line of computers. ... A compact disc player or CD player is an electronic device to play audio from compact discs. ... The Nintendo GameCube is an example of a popular video game console. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sony Corporation ) is one of the worlds largest media conglomerates founded in Tokyo, Japan. ... Samsung Group is one of the largest South Korean business groupings. ... Categories: Corporation stubs | South Korea | Chaebols | Conglomerate ... Toyota redirects here. ... For other uses, see Honda (disambiguation). ... Nissan Motor Co. ... World map showing Europe Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Tertiary Sector

Asia has three important financial centers. They are located in Hong Kong, Singapore and Tokyo. Call centers are becoming major employers in India due to the availablity of many well educated English speakers. The rise of the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry has seen the rise of India and China as the other financial centers. Experts believe that the current center of financial activity is moving toward "Chindia" - a name used for jointly referring to China and India - with Shanghai and Mumbai (Bombay) becoming major financial hubs in their own right. Other growing technological and financial hubs include Seoul, Bangkok, Manila, and Bangalore, India. Tokyo ) , literally eastern capital, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and includes the highly urbanized central area formerly known as the city of Tokyo which is the heart of the Greater Tokyo Area. ... Paper shredding can be contracted out Outsourcing (or contracting out) is often defined as the delegation of non-core operations or jobs from internal production within a business to an external entity (such as a subcontractor) that specializes in that operation. ... Shanghai (Chinese: ä¸Šæµ·; pinyin: ; Shanghainese: ), situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta in East China, is Chinas largest city by population. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ...

Economy by country

Taiwan, formally including the Republic of China on Taiwan and other islands, has a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing guidance of investment and foreign trade by the government. ...

Contents

Economic development

Pre-1945

1945-1990

1991-2004

Future

Regional variation

Trade blocs

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

Commonwealth of Independent States

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

South Asia Free Trade Agreement (proposed)

Currency

Economic sectors

Primary Sector

Secondary Sector

Tertiary Sector

Economy by country

See also

Contents

Economic development GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Pre-1945

1945-1990

1991-2004

Future

Regional variation

Trade blocs

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

Commonwealth of Independent States

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

South Asia Free Trade Agreement (proposed)

Currency

Economic sectors

Primary Sector

Secondary Sector

Tertiary Sector

Economy by country

See also

Economic development