NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Aspartic acid

Aspartic acid (abbreviated as Asp or D; Asx or B represent either aspartic acid or asparagine^[1] ) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO₂CCH(NH₂)CH₂CO₂H. The L-isomer is a protonated varient of one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e. the building blocks of proteins. Its codons are GAU and GAC. It is classified as an acidic amino acid, together with glutamic acid. Aspartic acid is pervasive in biosynthesis. IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 424 from PubChem â€” racemic a CID 83887 from PubChem â€” (D-aspartic acid) a CID 5960 from PubChem â€” (L-aspartic acid) a... For other articles using the abbreviation or acronym asn see ASN. Asparagine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The twenty amino acids that are coded in the standard genetic code are called proteinogenic (protein building). ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Glutamic acid (Glu, E), is the protonated form of glutamate (the anion). ...

Role in biosynthesis of amino acids

Aspartic acid is non-essential in mammals, being produced from oxaloacetate by transamination. In plants and microorganisms, aspartic acid is the precursor to several amino acids, including four that are essential: methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and lysine. The conversion of aspartic acid to these other amino acids begins with reduction of aspartic acid to its "semialdehyde," HO₂CCH(NH₂)CH₂CHO.^[2] Asparagine is derived from aspartic acid via transamidation: Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass â€ Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass â€ Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria Mammals (class Mammalia) are warm-blooded, vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including those that produce milk, and by the presence of: hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex... Transamination is the reaction between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid. ... Methionine is an Î±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH2SCH3. ... Threonine is one of the 20 natural amino acids. ... Isoleucine is an Î±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)CH2CH3. ... Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. ... For other articles using the abbreviation or acronym asn see ASN. Asparagine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth. ...

(where GC(O)NH₂ and GC(O)OH are glutamine and glutamic acid, respectively) Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. ... Glutamic acid (Glu, E), is the protonated form of glutamate (the anion). ...

Other biochemical roles

Aspartic acid is also a metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis. It carries reducing equivalents in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which utilizes the ready interconversion of aspartate and oxaloacetate, which is the oxidized (dehydrogenated) derivative of malic acid. Aspartic acid donates one nitrogen atom in the biosynthesis of inositol, the precursor to the purine bases. A metabolite is the product of metabolism. ... The reactions of the urea cycle. ... Pyruvic acid Oxaloacetic acid Phosphoenolpyruvate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose 6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from non-sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and amino acids (primarily alanine and glutamine). ... The malate-aspartate shuttle (sometimes also the malate shuttle) is a system of two antiporter proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion in eukaryotes. ... Inositol, (of which the most prominent naturally-occurring form is myo-inositol, cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol), is a carbocyclic polyol that plays an important role as the structural basis for a number of secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells, including inositol phosphates, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylinositol... Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. ...

Neurotransmitter

Aspartate (the conjugate base of aspartic acid) stimulates NMDA receptors, though not as strongly as the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate does.^[3] It serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is an excitotoxin. In the field of chemistry, in the Brønsted-Lowry (protonic) theory of acids and bases, a conjugate base is the basic member, X-, of a pair of compounds that differ only by the presence or absence of a proton at a certain position. ... The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic receptor for glutamate (NMDA (N-methyl d-aspartate) is a name of its selective specific agonist). ... Glutamic acid (Glu, E), is the protonated form of glutamate (the anion). ... Chemical structure of D-aspartic acid, a common amino acid neurotransmitter. ... Excitotoxins are usually amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate. ...

As a neurotransmitter, aspartic acid may provide resistance to fatigue and thus lead to endurance, although the evidence to support this idea is not strong.

Synthesis

Racemic aspartic acid can be synthesized from diethyl sodium phthalimidomalonate, (C₆H₄(CO)₂NC(CO₂Et)₂).^[4] In chemistry, a racemate is a mixture of equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers of a chiral molecule. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Aspartate transaminase (AST) also called Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) (EC 2. ... Sodium poly(aspartate) is a condensation polymer based on aspartic acid. ... A polyamide is a polymer containing monomers joined by peptide bonds. ...

Categories: Proteinogenic amino acids | Glucogenic amino acids | Acidic amino acids | Dicarboxylic acids | Neurotransmitters Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. ... Peptides (from the Greek Ï€ÎµÏ€Ï„Î¿Ï‚, digestible), are the family of short molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various Î±-amino acids. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... Look up nucleic acid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Some common lipids. ... Many terpenes are derived from conifer resins, here a pine. ... The orange ring surrounding Grand Prismatic Spring is due to carotenoid molecules, produced by huge mats of algae and bacteria. ... Polypyrrole A Polypyrrole (PPy) is a chemical compound formed from a number of connected pyrrole ring structures. ... A cofactor is any substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme to catalyze a certain reaction. ... This article is about the chemical family of steroids. ... Molecular structure of flavone The term flavonoid refers to a class of plant secondary metabolites based around a phenylbenzopyrone structure. ... Chemical structure of ephedrine, a phenethylamine alkaloid An alkaloid is, strictly speaking, a naturally occurring amine produced by a plant,[1] but amines produced by animals and fungi are also called alkaloids. ... Polyketides are secondary metabolites from bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. ... A glycoside is a molecule where a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to a nonsugar group by either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... Alanine (Ala, A) also 2-aminopropanoic acid is a non-essential Î±-amino acid. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a 206-418-1 EINECS for D-alanine a 200-273-8 EINECS for L-alanine a PubChem 602 a PubChem 5950 This... Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an Î±-amino acid. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a EINECS number 205-866-5 ((-)-D-arginine hydrate) a EINECS number 200-811-1 (for L-arginine) a CID 71070 from PubChem... For other articles using the abbreviation or acronym asn see ASN. Asparagine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 6267 from PubChem (L-asparagine) This article is maintained by WP:Chemicals (Talk) WP:Drugs (Talk) WP:Molecular and Cellular Biology... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 424 from PubChem â€” racemic a CID 83887 from PubChem â€” (D-aspartic acid) a CID 5960 from PubChem â€” (L-aspartic acid) a... Cysteine is a naturally occurring, sulfur-containing amino acid that is found in most proteins, although only in small quantities. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a [1] This article is maintained by WP:Chemicals (Talk) WP:Drugs (Talk) WP:Molecular and Cellular Biology (Talk) Categories: ... Glutamic acid (Glu, E), is the protonated form of glutamate (the anion). ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 23327 from PubChem (D-glutamic acid) a CID 33032 from PubChem (L-glutamic acid) This article is maintained by WP:Chemicals... Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 738 from PubChem (Gln) a CID 145815 from PubChem (D) a CID 5961 from PubChem (L) ... For the plant, see Glycine (plant). ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a EINECS number 200-272-2 a b c d e CID 750 from PubChem (Glycine) ... Histidine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids present in proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a EINECS number 200-745-3 (D-histidine) a EINECS number 206-513-8 (L-histidine) a CID 71083 from PubChem (D-histidine) a CID 6274 from PubChem (L-histidine) ... Isoleucine is an Î±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)CH2CH3. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a b c d e f g PubChem 6306 ... Leucine is one of the 20 most common amino acids and coded for by DNA. It is isomeric with isoleucine. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a b c d e PubChem 6106 Categories: | ... Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a EINECS number 200-294-2 (Lysine) a CID 866 from PubChem (DL-Lysine) a CID 5962 from PubChem (L-Lysine) Category: ... Methionine is an Î±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH2SCH3. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 63-68-3 EINECS for L-Methionine a PubChem 876 a PubChem 6137 Category: ... Phenyl alanine is an Î±-amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2C6H5. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a EINECS number 200-568-1 (phenylalanine) a CID 994 from PubChem (phenylalanine) a CID 71567 from PubChem (D-phenylalanine) a CID 6140 from PubChem (L-phenylalanine) Category: ... Proline is an Î±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH[CH2)3]. L-Proline is one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 205-702-2 EINECS for Proline a PubChem 6148988 a PubChem 6137 Category: ... Serine (IPA ), organic compound, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 200-274-3 EINECS for Serine a PubChem 617 a PubChem 5951 Category: ... Threonine is one of the 20 natural amino acids. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a EINECS number 200-774-1 (Threonine) a CID 69435 from PubChem (D-Threonine) a CID 6288 from PubChem (L-Threonine) Category: ... Tryptophan is an essential amino acid involved in human nutrition. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 73-22-3 EINECS for Tryptophan a PubChem 9060 a PubChem 6305 Category: ... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese[1][2]), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 200-460-4 EINECS for Tyrosine a PubChem 71098 a PubChem 1153 Category: ... Valine is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by humans, so it is considered an essential amino acid for human life. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 200-773-6 EINECS for Valine a PubChem 71563 a PubChem 1182 Category: ...

Contents