Suffocation redirects here, for the band, see Suffocation (band).

Asphyxia (from Greek a-, "without" and sphuxis, "pulse, heartbeat") is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from being unable to breathe normally. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which primarily affects the tissues and organs most sensitive to hypoxia first, such as the brain, hence resulting in cerebral hypoxia. Asphyxia is usually characterized by air hunger but this is not always the case; the urge to breathe is triggered by rising carbon dioxide levels in the blood rather than diminishing oxygen levels. Sometimes there is not enough carbon dioxide to cause air hunger, and victims become hypoxic without knowing it. In any case, the absence of effective remedial action will very rapidly lead to unconsciousness, brain damage and death.^[1] The constriction of the arteries and/or veins in the neck, such as in certain types of strangulations, do not cause asphyxia but rather direct cerebral hypoxia. Asphyxiation or suffocation refer to the process of asphyxia, where the body becomes increasingly hypoxic. The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... // R00-R99 - Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R09) Symptoms and signs involving the circulatory and respiratory systems (R00) Abnormalities of heart beat (R000) Tachycardia, unspecified (R001) Bradycardia, unspecified (R002) Palpitations (R008) Other and unspecified abnormalities of heart beat (R01) Cardiac murmurs and other... // S00-T98 - Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-S09) Injuries to the head (S00) Superficial injury of head (S01) Open wound of head (S02) Fracture of skull and facial bones (S03) Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of head (S04) Injury of cranial nerves... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... Suffocation, an American death metal band, fused the predominant rhythmic styles of early death metal and grindcore, with complex song structures to start a new subgenre of music, considered brutal death metal by some. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance transparent (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... Breathing transports oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. ... Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalized hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. ... Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalized hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. ... Cerebral hypoxia (the pathological condition is called hypoxic encephalopathy) is to a hypoxic condition in which there is a decrease of oxygen supply to the brain or parts of the brain despite adequate blood flow (compare with cerebral ischemia). ... Air hunger is the sensation of the urge to breathe. ... Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... Unconsciousness is the absence of consciousness. ... Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. ... Death is the full cessation of vital functions in the biological life. ... Section of an artery An arterial road is a class of highway. ... In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart. ... The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. ... Cerebral hypoxia (the pathological condition is called hypoxic encephalopathy) is to a hypoxic condition in which there is a decrease of oxygen supply to the brain or parts of the brain despite adequate blood flow (compare with cerebral ischemia). ... Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalized hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. ...

Causes of asphyxia

Asphyxiation is typically the result of various accidents. It is also the desired effect of various asphyxiation techniques, in which the aim is to cause asphyxia by partially or fully interfering with normal breathing. Asphyxiation techniques are used to maim or kill in capital punishment, suicide, torture, violence and warfare. They are also used non-fatally in martial arts, combat sports, BDSM and erotic asphyxia. Asphyxiation is typically caused by one of the following three mechanisms: A railing accidentally collapses at a college football game, spilling fans onto the sidelines An accident is something going wrong unexpectedly. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the State as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offenses. ... Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of willfully ending ones own life. ... Torture is any act by which severe pain, whether physical or psychological, is intentionally inflicted on a person as a means of intimidation, deterrence, revenge, punishment, or information gathering. ... Violence refers to acts of aggression and abuse which causes or intends to cause criminal injury or harm to persons, and (to a lesser extent) animals and property. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... A combat sport is a competitive sport involving the use of punch, kick, throw, joint locks, and/or a weapon for attack and defence. ... A collar is a common symbol in BDSM. BDSM is a term which describes a number of related patterns of human sexual behavior. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Breathplay. ...

1. Inadequate oxygen in the environment.

2. Chemical interference with breathing mechanism or with the chemical absorption of oxygen in the lungs.

3. Physical obstruction of the flow of air to the lungs.

Typical examples of these include:

1. Inadequate oxygen in the environment

• The filling of cryogenic vessels with liquified, oxygen-free gases such as nitrogen in an enclosed space.
• Workers entering a brewery fermentation vat unaware that the space is filled with carbon dioxide.
• Workers descending into a sewer or the hold of a ship containing heavier than air, oxygen-free gases usually methane or carbon dioxide.
• The misuse or failure of closed-circuit diving rebreather sets where the recirculated breathing gas contains insufficient oxygen.
• Breathing a hypoxic breathing gas mixture while diving in shallow water where the partial pressure of oxygen is too low to support consciousness; hypoxic bottom gasses are designed only to be breathed at depth where larger amounts of oxygen become toxic under pressure.
• Inhalation of overwhelming amounts of non-oxygen gases such as helium or CO₂ fire extinguishers for recreational or amusement purposes.
• Loss of aircraft cabin pressure; cabin pressure of commercial aircraft is usually kept at an altitude equivalent of between 5,000-8,000ft, unconsciousness can occur without awareness if a malfunction allows the cabin altitude to rise above 20,000ft.
• Exposure to a vacuum, such as the decompression of a spacecraft or space suit (see Soyuz 11).

2. Chemical or physiological interference with the breathing mechanism or with the chemical absorption of oxygen in the lungs A Dewar flask is a vessel designed to provide very good thermal insulation. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... The entrance of a brewery. ... Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, is a gas with a chemical formula of CH4. ... Inspiration closed circuit diving rebreather A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycles exhaled gas. ... Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. ... In a mixture of ideal gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the pressure which the gas would have if it alone occupied the volume. ... General Name, Symbol, Number helium, He, 2 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 4. ... Look up Vacuum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A spacecraft is designed to leave Earths atmosphere and operate beyond the surface of the Earth in outer space. ... Apollo 15 space suit A spacesuit is a complex system of garments, equipment, and environmental systems designed to keep a person alive and comfortable in the harsh environment of outer space. ... Soyuz 11 was the second attempted and the first successful visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1. ...

• Carbon monoxide inhalation, such as from a car exhaust, carbon monoxide has a higher affinity than oxygen to the hemoglobin in the blood's red blood corpuscles bonding with it tenaciously, displacing oxygen and preventing the blood from transporting it around the body.
• Contact with a pulmonary chemical agent.
• Self-induced hypocapnia by hyperventilation, such as in shallow water or deep water blackout and the choking game.
• A seizure which stops breathing activity.
• Sleep apnea.
• Drug overdose.
• Ondine's curse, central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, or primary alveolar hypoventilation, a disorder of the autonomic nervous system in which a patient must consciously breathe and will die if they fall asleep.

The two categories of causes above are particularly dangerous as the victim may be completely unaware of the onset of hypoxia and experience no urgent need to breathe. Carbon monoxide, chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable and highly toxic gas. ... 3-dimensional structure of hemoglobin. ... Categories: Chemical weapons | Stub ... Hypocapnia, also sometimes known as acapnia, is a state in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is lower than normal. ... In medicine, hyperventilation (or hyperpnea) is the state of breathing faster or deeper (hyper) than necessary, and thereby reducing the carbon dioxide concentration of the blood below normal. ... Victims go quietly, often unnoticed. ... Latent hypoxia hits on ascent A deep water blackout is a loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia on ascending from a deep freedive or breath-hold dive, typically of ten metres or more when the swimmer does not necessarily experience an urgent need to breathe and has no other... The choking game, also commonly known as the fainting game, is not a game in the traditional sense but a potentially lethal activity involving the inducement of unconsciousness or near unconsciousness by restriction of the supply of oxygen to the brain. ... This article is about the medical term, epileptic seizure, as distinct from psychogenic non-epileptic seizure. ... Sleep apnea (alternatively sleep apnoea) is a common sleep disorder characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep. ... A drug overdose occurs when a chemical substance (i. ... Ondines curse, or central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, is a respiratory disorder that is fatal if untreated. ...

3. Physical obstruction of the flow of air to the lungs

• Crushing or constriction of the chest or abdomen (compressive asphyxia)
• Smothering, where the external respiratory orifices are covered.
• Drowning caused by violence or accidents.
• Choking due to food in the airway.
• Strangling where the airway is constricted, especially in certain types of chokeholds called air chokes.
• Hanging or ligature strangulation may lead to asphyxia.
• Reduction of the airways due to anaphylaxis or asthma.
• Inhalation of vomit.
• Positional asphyxia.
• The practice of erotic asphyxiation, also called breath control play.
• Situations where a newborn infant experiences inadequate respiration during childbirth can lead to asphyxia neonatorum.

Choking is the obstruction of the flow of air into a persons lungs by a foreign object, commonly food. ... A chokehold is used to strangle an opponent in hand to hand combat training. ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ... Suicide by hanging. ... A chokehold is used to strangle an opponent in hand to hand combat training. ... In medicine, anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction. ... Vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth. ... Positional asphyxia, also known as postural asphyxia, is a form of asphyxia which occurs when someones position prevents them from breathing adequately. ... Erotic asphyxiation, asphyxiophilia, breath control play or scarfing is the sexual practice of partial asphyxiation by strangulation or suffocation of one person by another during sexual intercourse. ... Perinatal asphyxia is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen (hypoxia) to a newborn infant long enough to cause apparent harm. ...

Smothering

Smothering refers to the mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the mouth and/or nostrils, for instance by covering the mouth and nose with a hand or a plastic bag.^[2] Smothering can be either partial or complete, where partial indicates that the person being smothered is able to inhale some air, although less than required. Normally, smothering requires at least partial obstruction of both the nasal cavities and the mouth to lead to asphyxia. Smothering with the hands or chest is used in some combat sports to distract the opponent, and create openings for transitions, as the opponent is forced to react to the smothering. It is also used in BDSM as a type of facesitting. Or you can smother somebody with a pillow. A combat sport is a competitive sport involving the use of punch, kick, throw, joint locks, and/or a weapon for attack and defence. ... A transition in grappling is a move from one grappling hold or grappling position to another. ... A collar is a common symbol in BDSM. BDSM is a term which describes a number of related patterns of human sexual behavior. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In some cases, smothering is combined with simultaneous compressive asphyxia. One example is overlay, in which an adult accidentally rolls over an infant during co-sleeping; an accident that often goes unnoticed and is mistakenly thought to be sudden infant death syndrome.^[2] Other accidents involving a similar mechanism are cave-ins or when an individual is buried in sand or grain. In homicidal cases, the term burking^[3] is often ascribed to a killing method that involves simultaneous smothering and compression of the torso.^[4] Co-sleeping, also called the family bed, is a practice in which babies and young children sleep with one or both parents. ... This article is about an American band. ... Etymology: Latin homicidium, from homo- human being + caedere- to cut, kill Homicide is the intentional or negligent killing of another human being by one or more persons. ...

Compressive asphyxia

The knee-on-belly position compresses the chest, making it difficult for the person on the bottom to breathe.

Compressive asphyxia (also called chest compression) refers to the mechanical limitation of the expansion of the lungs by compressing the torso, hence interfering with breathing. Compressive asphyxia occurs when the chest or abdomen is compressed posteriorly. ^[5] In accidents, the term traumatic asphyxia or crush asphyxia is usually used to describe compressive asphyxia resulting form being crushed or pinned under a large weight or force. An example of traumatic asphyxia include cases where an individual has been using a car-jack to repair a car from below only to be crushed under the weight of the vehicle^[4] when the car-jack slips. In fatal crowd disasters, such as the Heysel Stadium disaster, traumatic asphyxia is called riot-crush.^[4] Contrary to popular belief, it is not the blunt trauma from trampling that causes the large part of the deaths in such cases, but rather the compressive asphyxia from being crushed against the crowd. In confined spaces, people push and lean against each other; evidence from bent steel railings in several fatal crowd accidents have shown horizontal forces over 4500 N (comparative weight approximately 460kg). In cases where people have stacked up on each other forming a human pile, estimations have been made of around 380kg of compressive weight in the lowest layer. ^[6] Image File history File links Image943-knee_mount. ... Image File history File links Image943-knee_mount. ... Knee-on-stomach is sometimes seen as a relatively unstable position. ... Breathing transports oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. ... In human and zoological anatomy (sometimes called zootomy), several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ... {{{{{{}}}}}}{{{{}}}}ûûûûûÏ€€€€ ... Juventus fans celebrate after the game, surrounded by anti-riot police. ... In medical terminology, blunt force trauma or blunt trauma is a type of physical trauma caused by impact or other force applied from or with a blunt object. ... To trample generally means to crush underhoof. ...

Chest compression is also featured in various grappling combat sports, where it is sometimes called wringing. Such techniques are either used to tire the opponent, or as complementary or distractive moves in combination with pinning holds,^[7] or sometimes even as a submission holds. Examples of chest compression include the knee-on-stomach position, or techniques such as leg scissors (also referred to as body scissors and in budo referred to as do-jime,^[8] 胴絞, "trunk strangle")^[9] where you wrap the legs around the opponent's midsection and squeeze them together.^[10] Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Knee-on-stomach is sometimes seen as a relatively unstable position. ... Budo (武道) is a term for Japanese martial arts. ...

References

This article is about the medical condition. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... William Burke (1792 - January 28, 1829), was an Irish criminal. ... William Hare (along with William Bruke) were possibly Scotlands two most horrific serial killers. ... The West Port murders were perpetrated in 1827-1828 by William Burke and William Hare who sold the corpses of their 16 victims to the Edinburgh Medical College for dissection. ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Judo (Japanese: , jūdō; gentle way) is a martial art, sport, and philosophy originated in Japan. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Do-osae (body-squeeze) is the original Japanese term for the grappling position that has come to be known as The Guard in English. ... Open guard, as shown in USMC manual Close Combat. ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Do-Jime. Image of a torso compression technique.
• Cross-side to chest compression choke