In Association Football (Soccer), two Assistant Referees (previously known as linesmen) assist the Referee in controlling the match in accordance with the Laws of the Game.
Law 6 of the Laws of the Game outlines their general duties, which are subject to the decision of the Referee. These duties typically include indicating: when the whole ball has passed outside the field of play; which side is entitled to return to the ball into the field of play; when a player may be penalised for an Offside offence; when offences have been committed which the Referee does not have as good a view of; etc. The Assistant Referee may be called upon by the Referee to provide an opinion on matters which the Referee requires clarification on. The Assistant Referees also usually assist the Referee with preparatory and administrative functions.
An Assistant Referee indicates matters to the Referee, which the Referee may then act upon; they do not actually make binding decisions.
Assistant Referees were formerly called Linesmen. The name change was primarily to better reflect the modern role of these officials, and secondarily to become non-gender specific. They are also sometimes incorrectly referred to as "Referee's Assistants".
The three match officials on the field usually position themselves according to the diagonal system of control.
The referee is assisted by two assistantreferees, and sometimes also by a fourth official.
The international styles of sport wrestling use a three-official system in which a referee conducts the action in the center of the mat while a judge and a mat chairman remain seated and evaluate the action from their stationary vantage points.
In US jurisprudence, a referee is a judicial officer whose jurisdiction is derivative of that of another court and who is authorized to adjudicate "referred" matters, such as juvenile delinquency or (prior to 1978) bankruptcy.
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