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The Assizes of Ariano were a series of laws promulgated in the summer of 1140 at Ariano, near Benevento in the Mezzogiorno, by Roger II of Sicily. Having recently pacified the peninsula, constantly in revolt, he had decided to make a move to more centralised government. The assizes established the large Sicilian bureaucracy and sought to maintain the feudal system under strict royal control. It contained forty clauses that touched on all possible topics of contemporary legal concern: private property, public property, the church, civil law, royal finances, the military. The work was advanced for its day, deriving its precepts not only from Norman and French, but also Moslem and Byzantine (especially Justinian), legal theories. Events Henry Jasomirgott was made count palatine of the Rhine. ...
Benevento is a town and archiepiscopal see of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, 32 miles northeast of Naples. ...
The Mezzogiorno or Southern Italy is the area of Italy south of Rome. ...
Roger II, from Liber ad honorem Augusti of Petrus de Ebulo, 1196. ...
Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ...
Justinian may refer to: Justinian I, a Roman Emperor; Justinian II, a Byzantine Emperor; Justinian, a storeship sent to the convict settlement at New South Wales in 1790. ...
The first half of 1140 was spent by Roger in Palermo preparing the assizes. They were certainly well-planned. Despite having written the legislation in his capital, in July, he travelled in state to Salerno, the capital of the duchy of Apulia, and thence to the Abruzzi, where he examined the conquests of his son: Roger and Alfonso. These men, now duke of Apulia and prince of Capua respectively, had consolidated the peace on the peninsula and made it possible for the great legislation that year. Nickname: Palermu Motto: Official website: http://www. ...
Map of Italy showing Salerrno southeast of Naples Salerno is a town and a province capital in Campania, south-western Italy, located on the gulf of the same name on the Tyrrhenian Sea. ...
Apulia (official Italian name: Puglia) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Otranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. ...
Categories: Regions of Italy | Abruzzo ...
List of Counts of Apulia and Calabria in Southern Italy from the 11th century to the 12th century: Counts 1043-1059, Dukes 1059-1127 William I 1043-1049 Drogon 1049-1051 Umfred 1051-1057 Robert Guiscard 1057-1085 Roger 1085-1111 William II 1111-1127 Categories: Lists of office-holders...
This is as list of the Princes of Capua. ...
The assizes affirm that the king is the only lawgiver in Sicily, that he is both judge and priest (he held the legatine powers from the pope), and all Sicilians were equal and under the same laws, whether Latin, Greek, Jew, or Moslem, Norman, Lombard, or Arab. It punished treason with death. It was also detail in other crimes of violence: cowardice in battle, arming a mob, or withholding support from the king or his allies. Ecclesiastically, Christian heretics and apostates lost their rights. Bishops were excused from attendance at courts, though the king was granted override on this, as on everything, and there could be no appeals. Militarily, the knightly class was closed. Nobody could become a knight if had no knighly lineage. Finally, the assizes did not ignore the commoners and demanded that they be treated with justice and be burdened not unduly by their lords. The word legate comes from the Latin legare (to send). It has several meanings, all related to representatives: A legate is a member of a diplomatic embassy. ...
The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the head of the Catholic Church. ...
Roger's final act at Ariano was the issuance of a low-quality coinage standard for the entire realm: the ducat. The coin, mostly copper and some silver, not gold as later, rapidly grew in importance. It was named after the duchy of Apulia. The ducat (IPA /ˈdʌ·kʰətʰ/) is a gold coin that was used as a trade currency throughout Europe before WW1. ...
The assizes survive in two manuscripts, slighlty differing from one another, though what are omissions and what additions is unknown. These were found in 1856 in the Vatican archives and those of Monte Cassino. 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Vatican Secret Archives (Archivio Segreto Vaticano), located in Vatican City, contain the central repository of all the acts that have been promulgated by the Roman Catholic Churchs Papal See, as well as diplomatic materials and correspondence of the Papal See and other documents that have accumulated over the...
The restored Abbey Monte Cassino is a rocky hill about eighty miles (130 km) south of Rome, Italy, a mile to the west of the town of Cassino (the Roman Cassinum having been on the hill) and about 1700 ft (520 m) altitude. ...
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