This pages lists the Kings of Assyria from earliest times. It is a revised chronology that has been based on three less known solar eclipse records in King Esarhaddon's reign, providing good absolute dates for the years between 911 BC and 649 BC.
Unlike the situation in the Old Assyrian period, the Anatolian metal trade was effectively dominated by the Hittites and the Hurrians.
In 738 BC, in the reign of Menahem, king of Israel, Tiglath-Pileser III occupied Philistia and invaded Israel, imposing on it a heavy tribute (2 Kings 15:19).
However, the Assyrian people have managed to keep their identity, and still exist as a distinct ethnic group, mainly in northern Iraq, where they are distinguished from their Arab, Kurdish, and Turkmen neighbors by their traditions, politics, Christian religion, and Aramaic dialect.
In 1120 BC[?] Tiglath-Pileser I[?], the greatest of the Assyriankings, "crossed the Euphrates, defeated the kings of the Hittites, captured the city of Carchemish, and advanced as far as the shores of the Mediterranean." He may be regarded as the founder of the first Assyrian empire.
In 738 BC[?], in the reign of Menahem, king of Israel, Pul invaded Israel, and imposed on it a heavy tribute (2 Kings 15:19).
Assur-bani-pal or Ashurbanipal (Ashurbanapli), the son of Esarhaddon, became king, and in Ezra 4:10 is referred to as Asnapper or Osnappar.
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