Sir Astley P. Cooper

Sir Astley Paston Cooper, 1st Baronet (August 23, 1768-February 12, 1841), English surgeon and anatomist, who made historical contributions to otology, vascular surgery, the anatomy and pathology of the mammary glands and testicles, and the pathology and surgery of hernia. Image File history File links Astley_Cooper. ... Image File history File links Astley_Cooper. ... August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... take you to calendar). ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my [birth]right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked... A typical modern surgical operation For other uses, see Surgery (disambiguation). ... Greek anatome, from ana-temnein, to cut up), is the branch of biology that deals with the structure and organization of living things; thus there is animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytonomy). ... Otology is a small, unknown but increasingly popular religion which consits of fellow OTers. ... Vascular surgery is the branch of surgery that occupies itself with surgical interventions of arteries and veins, as well as conservative therapies for disease of the peripheral vascular system. ... Anatomical drawing of the human muscles from the Encyclopédie. ... Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ... Cross section of the breast of a human female. ... Human male anatomy The testicles, known medically as testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Life

Cooper was born at the village of Brooke in Norfolk on August 23, 1768. His father, Dr. Samuel Cooper, was a clergyman of the Church of England; his mother was the author of several novels. At the age of sixteen he was sent to London and placed under Henry Cline (1750-1827), surgeon to St. Thomas' Hospital. From the first he devoted himself to the study of anatomy, and had the privilege of attending the lectures of John Hunter. In 1789 he was appointed demonstrator of anatomy at St. Thomas's Hospital, where in 1791 he became joint lecturer with Cline in anatomy and surgery, and in 1800 he was appointed surgeon to Guy's Hospital on the death of his uncle, William Cooper. Norfolk (pronounced IPA: ) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... see also Holy Orders The following terms have traditional meanings for the Anglican Church, and possibly beyond: A churchman is in principle a member of a church congregation, in practice someone in holy orders. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... For other uses, see London (disambiguation) and Defining London (below). ... Saint Thomas’ Hospital. ... Anatomical drawing of the human muscles from the Encyclopédie. ... Engraving of John Hunter (1728 – 1793) taken from the original portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, which is in the Royal College of Surgeons. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A typical modern surgical operation For other uses, see Surgery (disambiguation). ... 1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Guys Hospital for Incurables. An illustration from John Stows Survey of London (1755). ...

In 1802 he received the Copley Medal for two papers read before the Royal Society of London on the destruction of the tympanic membrane; and in 1805 he was elected a Fellow of that society. In the same year he took an active part in the formation of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, and in 1804 he brought out the first, and in 1807 the second, part of his great work on hernia, which added so largely to his reputation that in 1813 his annual professional income rose to 21,000 pounds sterling. In the same year he was appointed professor of comparative anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons and was very popular as a lecturer. --69. ... The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... The tympanum or tympanic membrane, colloquially known as eardrum, is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. ... The Medical and Chirurgical Society of London was a learned society of physicians and surgeons which was founded in 1805 by 26 personalities in these fields who had left the Medical Society of London (founded 1773) because of disagreement with the autocratic style of its president, James Sims. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. ... The Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent professional body committed to promoting and advancing the highest standards of surgical care for patients. ...

In 1817 he performed his famous operation of tying the abdominal aorta for aneurism; and in 1820 he removed an infected sebaceous cyst from the head of King George IV. About six months afterwards received a baronetcy, which, as he had no son, was to descend to his nephew and adopted son, Astley Cooper. He was subsequently appointed sergeant surgeon to King George IV, King William IV and Queen Victoria. He served as president of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1827 and again in 1836, and he was elected a vice-president of the Royal Society in 1830. He died on the February 12, 1841 in London, and was interred, by his own desire, beneath the chapel of Guy's Hospital. A statue by Edward Hodges Baily was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A sebaceous cyst (a form of trichilemmal cyst; also called: keratin cyst; sometimes wrongfully called: epidermal cyst or epidermoid cyst (see ICD-10 L72. ... George IV (George Augustus Frederick) (12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death. ... A baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt), is the holder of an hereditary title awarded by the British Crown, known as a baronetcy. ... William IV King of the United Kingdom William IV (William Henry) (21 August 1765–20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and Empress of India from 1 January 1877, until her death. ... The Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent professional body committed to promoting and advancing the highest standards of surgical care for patients. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Darwin 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... take you to calendar). ... Edward Hodges Baily (March 10, 1788 - May 22, 1867) was a British sculptor who was born in Bristol. ... St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ...

Cooper lived at Gadebridge House in the market town of Hemel Hempstead. Due to his influence, among others who were also residents of the area, his vigorous lobbying ensured that the London to Birmingham main railway line was constructed to the south of the town instead of through it, a more natural course. This led to the citizens of Hemel Hempstead having no railway station in their town, instead being obliged to use the one situated at Boxmoor. Today, Cooper is remembered in the area with a number of local street names, and Astley-Cooper school, formerly Grovehill school, being renamed after him in 1984. The grounds of his former home are now a public park. Hemel Hempstead is a town in Hertfordshire, England with a population of 81,143 at the 2001 Census. ... Boxmoor is a small suburb of Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire, England. ...

Works

Sir Cooper's greatest contribution has probably been in the field of vascular surgery, particularly on cerebral circulation. He was the first to demonstrate experimentally the effects of bilateral ligation of the carotid arteries in dogs and to propose treatment of aneurysms by ligation of the vessel. In 1805 he published in the first volume of Medico-Chirurgical Transactions his attempt to tie the common carotid artery for treating an aneurysm in a patient. In 1808 he tried the same with the external iliac artery for a femoral aneurysm and in 1817 he ligated the aorta for an iliac aneurysm. Vascular surgery is the branch of surgery that occupies itself with surgical interventions of arteries and veins, as well as conservative therapies for disease of the peripheral vascular system. ... Cerebral circulation refers to the blood vessels, arteries and veins, carrying blood to and away from the brain, respectively. ... In biochemistry, a ligase (from the Latin verb ligāre — to bind or to glue together) is an enzyme that can catalyse the joining of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond, with accompanying hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate or other similar molecules. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758) This article is about the domestic dog. ... // Headline text For the Nirvana song see Aneurysm (song). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... In human anatomy, the carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... In human anatomy, iliac artery refers to several anatomical structures located in the pelvis: Common iliac artery - forms at terminus of the aorta. ... The largest artery in the human body, the aorta originates from the left ventricle of the heart and brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. ...

Sir Cooper was an indefatigable and original anatomist and described several new anatomical structures, many of which were named after him:

• Cooper's fascia, a covering of the spermatic cord.
• Cooper's pubic ligament, the superior pubic ligament.
• Cooper's stripes, a fibrous structure in the ulnar ligaments.
• Cooper's ligaments, the suspensory ligaments of the breasts.

He also described a number of new diseases, which likewise became eponymous: Male Anatomy The spermatic cord is the name given to the cord-like structure formed by the vas deferens and surrounding tissue (veins, arteries, nerves, and lymphatic vessels) that run from the abdomen down to each testicle. ... The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. ... Coopers ligaments are the connective tissue in the breast that holds them up. ... Look up breasts and WikiSaurus:breasts in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

• Cooper's testis (neuralgia of the testicles)
• Cooper's disease (benign cysts of the breast)
• Cooper's hernia (retroperitoneal hernia)
• Cooper's neuralgia (neuralgia of the breast)

His chief published works were: Neuralgia is a painful disorder of the cranial nerves. ... Human male anatomy The testicles, known medically as testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ... A cyst is a closed sac having a distinct membrane and developing abnormally in a cavity or structure of the body. ...

• Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Hernia (1804-1807);
• Dislocations and Fractures (1822);
• Lectures on Surgery (1824-1827);
• Illustrations of Diseases of the Breast (1829);
• Anatomy of the Thymus Gland (1832);
• Anatomy of the Breast (1840).

References

• Life of Sir A. Cooper, by B. B. Cooper (1843).
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

External links

• Astley Paston Cooper biography. WhoNamedIt.
• Sir Astley Cooper. Surgical-Tutor.