Atbash is a simple substitution cipher in Hebrew. It consists of substituting aleph (the first letter) for tav (the last), beth (the second) for shin (one before last), and so on, reversing the alphabet. A couple of words in the Book of Jeremiah, Leb Kamai and Sheshakh, are atbash for Kasdim (Chaldeans) and Babel respectively, probably written thus. It has been associated with the esoteric methodologies of Jewish mysticism's interpretations of Hebrew religious texts as in the Kabbalah.
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher used historically but which now have fallen, for the most part, into disuse.
In a substitutioncipher, letters (or groups of letters) are systematically replaced throughout the message for other letters (or groups of letters).
In a transposition cipher, the letters themselves are kept unchanged, but rather their order within the message is scrambled according to some well-defined scheme.
The simple substitutioncipher is one in which each plaintext character is simply replaced by a corresponding one from a cipheralphabet.
The cipheralphabet may be shifted or reversed (creating the Caesarcipher and atbashciphers, respectively) or scrambled, in which case it is called a "mixed alphabet" or "deranged alphabet".
In the Vigenère cipher, the first row of the tableau is filled out with a copy of the plaintext alphabet, and successive rows are simply shifted one place to the left.
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