NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Athelstan of England

Athelstan or Æþelstān (c. 895 – October 27, 939), called the Glorious, was the King of England from 924 to 939. He was the son of King Edward the Elder, and nephew of Ethelfleda (Æthelflæd) of Mercia. His reign is frequently overlooked, with much focus going to Alfred the Great before him, and Edgar after. However, his reign was of fundamental importance to political developments in the 10th century. Monarchy of England, King of England, and Queen of England redirect here. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events King Athelstan of England succeeds to the throne. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... Events Bohemia breaks away from Great Moravia Arnulf of Carinthia undertakes his second Italian campaign Approximate date of composition of the Musica enchiriadis, the beginnings of western polyphonic music Births Athelstan of England Erik Bloodaxe, king of Norway 933-935 (+954) Deaths Categories: 895 ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... Wessex was one of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (the Heptarchy) that preceded the kingdom of England. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... Interior of the Abbey, showing the unusual watching-loft projecting above the nave. ... Ã†lfweard (died 2 August 924) was the second known son of Edward the Elder. ... Edmund I, or Edmund the Deed-Doer (Eadmund) (921â€“May 26, 946) was King of England from 939 until his death. ... Edward the Elder or Eadweard I (c. ... Ã†thelstan (also written Athelstan or Aethelstan) is an Anglo-Saxon name derived from the Old English language Ã†thel (noble) and stane (stone). ... Events Bohemia breaks away from Great Moravia Arnulf of Carinthia undertakes his second Italian campaign Approximate date of composition of the Musica enchiriadis, the beginnings of western polyphonic music Births Athelstan of England Erik Bloodaxe, king of Norway 933-935 (+954) Deaths Categories: 895 ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy... Events King Athelstan of England succeeds to the throne. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... Edward the Elder or Eadweard I (c. ... Ethelfleda (alternative spelling Aethelfled, Ã†thelfleda or Ã†thelflÃ¦d) (872/879?-918) was the eldest daughter of King Alfred the Great of Wessex and his wife Ealhswith. ... The Kingdom of Mercia at its greatest extent (7th to 9th centuries) is shown in green, with the original core area (6th century) given a darker tint. ... Alfred (also Ã†lfred from the Old English: Ã†lfrÄ“d //) (c. ... EDGAR, the Electronic Data-Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system, performs automated collection, validation, indexing, acceptance, and forwarding of submissions by companies and others who are required by law to file forms with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Not all SEC filings by public companies are available... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ...

Sources

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which is so vocal during the reigns of Alfred and Edward the Elder, falls into relative silence during Athelstan's reign, and what entries survive are retrospective. A few references tell us of his military campaigns, the longest entry being a poem about the Battle of Brunanburh (937), probably composed in his successor Edmund's reign. Other narrative sources from across Europe, though, provide us with more information. The Annals of Flodoard contain several references to Athelstan's dealings with the rulers of west and east Francia, as does the Chronicle of Nantes. William of Malmesbury, however, writing in the early 12th century, provides us with the greatest detail. His work might even draw on a (now lost) Vita Æthelstani, as Michael Wood argues, but caution is called for as this case has yet to be proven and William's account can rarely be verified. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 1516 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Athelstan of England Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 1516 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Athelstan of England Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Kingston upon Thames, part of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is an ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned, and is now a lively suburb of London. ... The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals narrating the history of the Anglo-Saxons and their settlement in Great Britain. ... The Battle of Brunanburh was a West Saxon victory in 937 by the army of king Athelstan and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, Viking king of Dublin, Constantine, king of Scotland and King Owain of Strathclyde. ... Edmund can refer to: Edmund I of England Edmund II of England St. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... Flodoard (894â€“966) was a French chronicler. ... Statue of Charlemagne (also called Karl der Große, Charles the Great) in Frankfurt, Germany. ... William of Malmesbury (c. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Michael Wood reading from an edition of the Domesday Book in a BBC Four documentary about Gilbert White Michael Wood (born Michael David Wood, July 23, 1948 in Manchester) is a popular English historian and broadcaster, presenter of numerous television documentary series. ...

Documentary sources come in the form of charters and laws. Numerous charters exist that tell us about where Athelstan was, who was with him, and to whom he was granting land. Through these it is possible to trace his peregrinations, particularly between 927 and 932 when all diplomas were drafted by the extraordinary scribe known as 'Athelstan A'. We have several law codes attributed to Athelstan; a couple are law codes after the tradition of Alfred and Edward; the others are less 'official', but nonetheless reveal aspects of Athelstan's administration. Anglo-Saxon Charters are documents from the early medieval period in Britain which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. ... Anglo-Saxon law is a body of legal rules and customs which obtained in England before the Norman conquest, and which constitute, with the Scandinavian laws, the most genuine expression of Teutonic legal thought. ... Anglo-Saxon law is a body of legal rules and customs which obtained in England before the Norman conquest, and which constitute, with the Scandinavian laws, the most genuine expression of Teutonic legal thought. ...

Non-written sources are also available. Perhaps most useful are coins, which give Athelstan a title which reveals how widespread he (or rather the minters) felt his reign extended, throughout all Britain. Also of interest are the manuscripts and relics Athelstan collected and donated - many of the former contain notices giving the details of these donations. These particularly shed light on Athelstan's patronage of the cult of St Cuthbert's in Northumbria, to whom he gave two lavish manuscripts containing our earliest surviving English ruler portraits, the Corpus Christi Manuscript. This article is about monetary coins. ... Chester-le-Street is a market town in County Durham, England with a history going back to Roman times. ...

Reign

Athelstan was the son of Edward the Elder, and grandson of Alfred the Great. His father succeeded, after some difficulty, to the Kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons formed by Alfred. His aunt, Edward's sister, Æthelflæd, ruled western Mercia on his behalf following the death of her husband, Ealdorman Æthelred. On Æthelflæd's death, Edward was quick to assume control of Mercia, and by his death he directly ruled all the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms south of the Humber. Athelstan was fostered by the family of Athelstan 'Half-King' in Mercia, perhaps as a method of encouraging Mercian loyalty to the West Saxon dynasty. On Edward's death, Athelstan immediately became King of Mercia, though it seems to have taken a little longer for him to be recognised in Wessex where his half-brothers Ælfweard and Edwin had support. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Edward the Elder or Eadweard I (c. ... Alfred (also Ã†lfred from the Old English: Ã†lfrÄ“d //) (c. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total... Ethelfleda (alternative spelling Aethelfled, Ã†thelfleda or Ã†thelflÃ¦d) (872/879?-918) was the eldest daughter of King Alfred the Great of Wessex and his wife Ealhswith. ... The Kingdom of Mercia at its greatest extent (7th to 9th centuries) is shown in green, with the original core area (6th century) given a darker tint. ... River Hull tidal barrier. ... This article concerns the English kingdom, not the Westland Wessex helicopter Wessex was one of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (the Heptarchy) that preceded the kingdom of England. ... A list of the Kings etc. ... Ã†lfweard (died 2 August 924) was the second known son of Edward the Elder. ...

Political alliances seem to have been high on Athelstan's agenda. Only a year after his crowning he married one of his sisters to Sihtric, the viking King of York. However, Sihtric died only a year later, and Athelstan seized the opportunity to take Northumbria. This bold move made him king of more territory than any Anglo-Saxon king before him, roughly equivalent to modern England. The other rulers in Great Britain seem to have submitted to Athelstan at Bamburgh: "first Hywel, King of the West Welsh {Cornish}, and Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owain, King of the people of Gwent, and Ealdred...of Bamburgh" records the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. William of Malmesbury adds that Owain of Strathclyde was also present. Sihtric was a viking leader from Dublin who reigned as king of York. ... The term Viking commonly denotes the ship-borne warriors, pirates and traders of Norsemen (literally, men from the north) who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of Britain, Ireland and mainland Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late 8thâ€“11th century. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total... Bamburgh is a large village on the coast of Northumberland, England. ... The Kingdom of Kernyw existed during the Early Middle Ages in Britains southwestern peninsula. ... The Cornish people are a British ethnic group originating in Cornwall. ... CausantÃn mac Ãeda (anglicised Constantine II) (before 879â€“952) was king of Alba from 900 to 943. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... Owain may refer to any of several Welshmen: Owain mab Urien (or Owein) (d. ... Gwent as a preserved county since 2003. ... Ealdred I (d. ... The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals narrating the history of the Anglo-Saxons and their settlement in Great Britain. ... EÃ³gan I of Strathclyde or Owen I of Strathclyde, (Latin: Eugenius; Modern Gaelic EÃ²ghann; Mod. ... Strathclyde (Welsh Ystrad Clud) was one of the kingdoms of ancient Scotland in the post-Roman period. ...

Similar events are recorded along the western marches of Athelstan's domain. According to William of Malmesbury, Athelstan had the kings of the North British (meaning the Welsh) submit to him at Hereford, where he exacted a heavy tribute from them. The reality of his influence in Wales is underlined by the Welsh poem Armes Prydein Fawr, and by the appearance of the Welsh kings as subreguli in the charters of 'Αthelstan A'. Similarly, he drove the West Welsh (meaning the Cornish) out of Exeter, and established the border between England and Cornwall along the River Tamar. Statistics Population: 50,154 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SO515405 Administration District: Herefordshire Region: West Midlands Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Herefordshire Historic county: Herefordshire Services Police force: West Mercia Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: West Midlands Post office and telephone Post town: HEREFORD Postal... The city of Exeter is the county town of Devon, in the southwest of England, also known as the West Country. ... Cornwall (pronounced ; Cornish: ) is a county in south-west England, United Kingdom, on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar and Devon. ... The Tamar is a river in south western England, that forms most of the border between Devon (to the east) and Cornwall (to the west). ...

Athelstan is generally regarded as the first king of England. He achieved considerable military successes over his rivals, including the vikings, and extended his rule to parts of Wales and Cornwall. His greatest victory, over an enemy alliance that included Constantine II of Scotland, was the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... This article is about the country. ... Cornwall (pronounced ; Cornish: ) is a county in south-west England, United Kingdom, on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar and Devon. ... CausantÃn mac Ãeda (anglicised Constantine II) (before 879â€“952) was king of Alba from 900 to 943. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... The Battle of Brunanburh was a West Saxon victory in 937 by the army of king Athelstan and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, Viking king of Dublin, Constantine, king of Scotland and King Owain of Strathclyde. ... Events Athelstan wins the Battle of Brunanburh September 21 - Magdeburg is now the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, after a Diet held by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Births Duke William IV of Aquitaine (d. ...

Administration and law

As Athelstan's kingdom grew it posed new challenges in administration. Towards the end of his reign we hear of another Athelstan, termed 'half-king', who was Ealdorman for much of eastern Mercia and East Anglia. Ian Walker has argued that, as the extent of Athelstan's power grew, the extent of rule of the next level of the aristocracy had to grow too. This points towards an increasing stratification of Anglo-Saxon society, a development that can (possibly) be traced from earliest Anglo-Saxon times right up to the Norman Conquest and beyond. An Ealdorman, or Alderman, was the prior magistrate of a British shire in A. D. 900 to A. D. 1100. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings The Norman Conquest of England was the conquest of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings and the subsequent Norman control of England. ...

A relatively large number of law codes have come down to us from Athelstan's reign. To examine each in detail would take too much space here, but two viewpoints summarise the arguments around them. Patrick Wormald, who has argued that written law had little practical use in Anglo-Saxon England, states that there is little homogeneity to the laws, and that the sporadic nature of them indicate little sign of a coherent system based on written law. Simon Keynes has instead argued that there is a pattern to the laws of Athelstan's reign, and that the laws are evidence 'not of any casual attitude towards the publication or recording of the law, but quite the reverse'. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Simon Douglas Keynes MA, PhD, Litt. ...

Athelstan and the Welsh

Athelstan's reign marks a hiatus in sporadic unrest between the Anglo-Saxon and Welsh kingdoms. According to Asser, a monk from St David's, Dyfed, several kingdoms of Wales submitted (including eventually those ruled by the sons of Rhodri Mawr) to Alfred. No battles between the English and the Welsh are recorded during Athelstan's reign, but charters show Welsh kings attending his court, possibly coming with him on campaign. D.P. Kirby argued that Athelstan was repressing the Welsh kings, keeping them close in order to maintain their loyalty. Yet it is also possible that some Welsh kings, in particular Hywel Dda, were benefiting from this relationship. Hywel may have been influenced by English ideas of kingship - he is the first Welsh king associated with a major Welsh law code, and a coin, minted at Chester, carries his name. The famous parade helmet found at Sutton Hoo, probably belonging to King Raedwald of East Anglia circa 625. ... This article is about the country. ... Asser (d. ... Dyfed was one of the ancient kingdoms (or principalities) of Wales prior to the Norman Conquest. ... Howell the Good (880?–950; Welsh: Hywel Dda or Hywel ap Cadell) is listed amongst the kings of Gwynedd. ... Codified by Hywel Dda (Hywell the Good) in the early 10th century, the laws of the Welsh Princes were significantly more complex than would be found in other ares of Western Europe for centuries. ... For the larger local government district, see Chester (district). ...

Foreign contacts

Like those of his predecessors, Athelstan's court was in contact with the rest of Europe. His half-sisters married into European noble families. Ædgyth was married to future Holy Roman Emperor Otto, son of Henry I of Saxony, and another to Egill Skallagrímsson, the subject of the Icelandic Egils Saga. Alan II, Duke of Brittany and Haakon, son of Harald of Norway, were both fostered in Æthelstan’s court, and he provided a home for Louis, the exiled son of Charles the Bald. For others with the same name, see Otto I (disambiguation). ... Heinrich I depicted as The Bamberg Knight Henry I, the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - July 2, 936), was Duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death in 936. ... Picture of Egill in a 17th century manuscript of Egils Saga Egill SkallagrÃmsson[1] (910-c. ... Egill SkallagrÃmsson in a 17th century manuscript of Egils Saga Egils saga is an epic Icelandic saga possibly by Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241 A.D.), who may have written the account between the years 1220 and 1240 A.D. It is an important representative of the sagas and has... Alan II of Vannes (died 952), was count of Vannes and Nantes and duke of Brittany, from 936 to his death. ... Haakon I (ca. ... Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair (Old Norse:Haraldr hinn hÃ¡rfagri, Icelandic:Haraldur hinn hÃ¡rfagri, Norwegian:Harald HÃ¥rfagre) (c. ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ...

Athelstan might have considered his rule in some way imperial: the style basileus is found in his charters, whilst he is the first king to bear the title r[ex] tot[ius] B[ritanniae]. According to William of Malmesbury, relics such as the Sword of Constantine (Emperor of Rome) and the Lance of Charlemagne (first Holy Roman Emperor) came to Athelstan, suggesting that he was in some way being associated with past great rulers. A silver coin of the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter. ... William of Malmesbury (c. ... Head of Constantines colossal statue at Musei Capitolini Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (February 27, 272â€“May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic[2] Christians) Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor, proclaimed Augustus by his troops on... A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht DÃ¼rer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ...

Although he established many alliances through his family, he had no children of his own.

Athelstan was religious and gave generously to the church in Wessex, when he died in 939 at Gloucester he was buried at his favourite abbey (Malmesbury) rather than with his family at Winchester. Though his tomb is still there, his body was lost decades later. In Malmesbury, his name lives on into the 20th and 21st centuries, with everything from a bus company and a second-hand shop to several roads and streets named after him. His patronage of the abbey, and his gift of freemen status to the town also lives on with the Warden and Freemen of Malmesbury. Download high resolution version (1500x1065, 448 KB) The tomb of King Athelstan in Malmesbury Abbey, Malmesbury, England. ... Download high resolution version (1500x1065, 448 KB) The tomb of King Athelstan in Malmesbury Abbey, Malmesbury, England. ... Interior of the Abbey, showing the unusual watching-loft projecting above the nave. ... The Market Cross, the Abbey and the main shopping street. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total... dissolution see Dissolution. ... Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. ... Bold textTHIS IS THE PAGE THAT A.S. REALLY NEEDS!! THIS IS NOW MARKED!!! ] ps i like A.O. This article is about an abbey as a Christian monastic community. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... Gloucester (pronounced ) is a city and district in the English county of Gloucestershire, close to the Welsh border. ... Winchester is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40,000 within a 3 mile radius of its centre. ... The Market Cross, the Abbey and the main shopping street. ...

He was succeeded by his younger half-brother, King Edmund of England A half-brother is a male sibling with one shared parent. ... Edmund I, or Edmund the Deed-Doer (Eadmund) (921â€“May 26, 946) was King of England from 939 until his death. ...

See also

The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a London borough in south-west London. ... The Kingdom of England was first unified as a state by Athelstan of Wessex. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy... The Market Cross, the Abbey and the main shopping street. ...

External links

Bibliography

v • d • e

Monarchs of England

English Crown
Alfred the Great • Edward the Elder • Athelstan the Glorious • Edmund the Magnificent • Edred • Edwy the Fair • Edgar the Peaceable • Edward the Martyr • Ethelred the Unready • Sweyn Forkbeard*^† • Edmund Ironside • Canute the Great*^† • Harold Harefoot • Harthacanute (Canute the Hardy)* • Edward the Confessor • Harold Godwinson • Edgar the Outlaw • William I the Conqueror • William II Rufus • Henry I Beauclerc • Stephen • Matilda • Henry II • Richard I the Lionheart • John Lackland • Henry III • Edward I Longshanks • Edward II • Edward III • Richard II • Henry IV Bolingbroke • Henry V • Henry VI • Edward IV • Edward V • Richard III • Henry VII • Henry VIII^‡ • Edward VI^‡ • Lady Jane Grey^‡ • Mary I^‡ • Elizabeth I^‡
English and Scottish Crowns
James I^‡^§ • Charles I^‡^§ • Interregnum • Charles II^‡^§ • James II^‡^§ • William III^‡^§^¶ & Mary II^‡^§ • William III^‡^§^¶ • Anne^‡^§ Ã†lfweard (died 2 August 924) was the second known son of Edward the Elder. ... This is a list of the monarchs of England, which was unified as a kingdom in a series of stages between the reigns of Alfred the Great of Wessex and his grandson Athelstan (from 878 to 927). ... Events King Athelstan of England succeeds to the throne. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... Edmund I, or Edmund the Deed-Doer (Eadmund) (921â€“May 26, 946) was King of England from 939 until his death. ... This is a list of the monarchs of England, which was unified as a kingdom in a series of stages between the reigns of Alfred the Great of Wessex and his grandson Athelstan (from 878 to 927). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy... Alfred (also Ã†lfred from the Old English: Ã†lfrÄ“d //) (c. ... Edward the Elder or Eadweard I (c. ... Edmund I, or Edmund the Deed-Doer (Eadmund) (921â€“May 26, 946) was King of England from 939 until his death. ... King Edred or Eadred (c. ... Edwy All-Fair or Eadwig (941? â€“ October 1, 959) was the King of England from 955 until his death. ... King Edgar or Eadgar I ( 942 â€“ July 8, 975) was the younger son of King Edmund I of England. ... King Edward the Martyr or Eadweard II (c. ... Ethelred II (c. ... Sweyn I, or Sweyn Forkbeard, (Danish: Svend TveskÃ¦g, originally TjugeskÃ¦g or TyvskÃ¦g, Old Norse: Sveinn TjÃºguskegg, Norwegian: Svein Tjugeskjegg), (??? â€“ February 3, 1014), king of Denmark and England, a leading Viking warrior and the father of Canute the Great (Cnut I). ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Canute (or Cnut) I, or Canute the Great (Old Norse: KnÃºtr inn rÃki, Danish: Knud den Store, Norwegian: Knut den mektige, Swedish: Knut den store) (ca. ... Harold I Harefoot (c. ... Harthacanute (sometimes Hardicanute, Hardecanute; Danish Hardeknud, Canute the Hardy) (1018/1019â€“June 8, 1042) was a King of Denmark (1035â€“1042) and England (1035â€“1037, 1040â€“1042). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Harold II of England (Harold Godwinson; c. ... Edgar Ã†theling[1], also known as Edgar the Outlaw, (c. ... William I of England (c. ... William II (c. ... Henry I (circa 1068 â€“ 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and the first born in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. ... Stephen (c. ... Empress Matilda (February, 1101 â€” September 10, 1167; Saxon form Maud or Maude) â€” was the daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England. ... Henry II of England (5 March 1133 â€“ 6 July 1189) ruled as Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, and as King of England (1154â€“1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, eastern Ireland, and western France. ... Richard I (8 September 1157 â€“ 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 to 6 April 1199. ... This article is about the King of England. ... Henry III (1 October 1207 â€“ 16 November 1272) was crowned King of England in 1216, despite being less than ten years of age. ... Edward I (17 June 1239 â€“ 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks[1], also as Edward the Lawgiver because of his legal reforms, and as Hammer of the Scots,[2] achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who tried to do the same to Scotland. ... Edward II, (25 April 1284 â€“ 21 September? 1327), of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January, 1327. ... This article is about the King of England. ... Richard II (January 6, 1367 â€“ February 14, 1400) was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan The Fair Maid of Kent. He was born in Bordeaux and became his fathers successor when his elder brother died in infancy. ... Henry IV (3 April 1367 â€“ 20 March 1413) was the King of England and France and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413. ... Henry V of England (16 September 1387 â€“ 31 August 1422) was one of the great warrior kings of the Middle Ages. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 â€“ May 21, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471, and King of France from 1422 to 1453. ... Edward IV (April 28, 1442 â€“ April 9, 1483) was King of England from March 4, 1461 to April 9, 1483, with a break of a few months in the period 1470â€“1471. ... Edward V (4 November 1470 â€“ 1483?) was the King of England from 9 April 1483 until his deposition two months later. ... Richard III (2 October 1452 â€“ 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. ... Henry VII (January 28, 1457 â€“ April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 â€“ April 21, 1509), was the founder and first patriarch of the Tudor dynasty. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 - 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland, from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... Edward VI (12 October 1537 â€“ 6 July 1553) became King of England, King of France (in practice only the town and surrounding district of Calais) and Ireland on 28 January 1547, and crowned on 20 February, at just nine years of age. ... Lady Jane Grey, formally Jane of England (1537 â€“ 12 February 1554), a grand-niece of Henry VIII of England, reigned as uncrowned Queen regnant of the Kingdom of England for nine days in July 1553. ... Mary I (18 February 1516 â€“ 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 6 July 1553 (de facto) or 19 July 1553 (de jure) until her death on 17 November 1558. ... Elizabeth I redirects here. ... The Union of the Crowns refers to the accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the thrones of England and Ireland, in March 1603. ... James Stuart (19 June 1566 â€“ 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old. ... Charles I (19 November 1600 â€“ 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... The English Interregnum was the period of parliamentary and military rule in the land occupied by modern-day England and Wales after the English Civil War. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 â€“ 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 â€“ 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... William III of England (The Hague, 14 November 1650 â€“ Kensington Palace, 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28... Mary II (30 April 1662â€“28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... William III of England (The Hague, 14 November 1650 â€“ Kensington Palace, 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) followed Englands only joint monarchy to become Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 after the passing of both William and Mary. ...

* also Monarch of Denmark • ^† also Monarch of Norway • ^‡ also Monarch of Ireland • ^§ also Monarch of Scotland • ^¶ also Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Overijssel and Drenthe Motto Latin: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) (Scots: Wha daur meddle wi me) Capital EdinburghÂ¹ Language(s) Gaelic, Scots Government Monarchy King/Queen - 843-860 Kenneth I - 1587â€“1625 James VI - 1702-1714 Anne Legislature Parliament of Scotland History - United 843 - Union of the... A stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder meaning place holder, a Germanic parallel to Latin locum tenens or French lieutenant), means an official who is appointed by the legal ruling Monarch to represent him in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his name, in the latter case roughly...

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