Athlete's foot or tinea pedis Classification and external resources
Pale, flaky & split skin of athlete's foot in a toe web space
ICD-10	B35.3
ICD-9	110.4
DiseasesDB	13122
MedlinePlus	000875
eMedicine	derm/470

Athlete's foot, also called Tinea Pedis, is a parasitic fungal infection of the epidermis of the human foot. The term "athlete's foot" refers to the disease and not the organism (fungus) that causes it. Several different fungi, called dermatophytes, can cause tinea pedis. Moreover, a fungus species that causes athlete's foot can also cause, for example, jock itch (tinea cruris). It is typically caused by a mould^[1] (but in some cases a yeast) that grows on the surface of the skin and then into the living skin tissue itself, causing the infection. It usually occurs between the toes, but in severely lasting cases may appear as an extensive "moccasin" pattern on the bottom and sides of the foot. The malady more commonly affects males than females.^[2] Tinea pedis is estimated to be the second most common skin disease in the United States, after acne.^[3] Up to 15% of the U.S. population may have tinea pedis.^[4] The Athletes Foot is the worlds first and largest franchisor of athletic footwear. ... Image File history File links Athletes. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // A00-A79 - Bacterial infections, and other intestinal infectious diseases, and STDs (A00-A09) Intestinal infectious diseases (A00) Cholera (A01) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (A010) Typhoid fever (A02) Other Salmonella infections (A03) Shigellosis (A04) Other bacterial intestinal infections (A040) Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection (A045) Campylobacter enteritis (A046) Enteritis due to Yersinia... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... MedlinePlus (medlineplus. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... A parasite is an organism that lives in or on the living tissue of a host organism at the expense of it. ... For the fictional character, see Fungus the Bogeyman. ... Cross-section of all skin layers Optical coherence tomography tomogram of fingertip, depicting stratum corneum (~500µm thick) with stratum disjunctum on top and stratum lucidum (connection to stratum spinosum) in the middle. ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ... Dermatophytes (name based on the Greek for skin plants) are a common label for a group of three types of fungus that commonly cause skin disease in animals and humans. ... Jock itch, also called tinea cruris or ringworm of the groin, is an infection of the groin area caused by fungi. ... Moldy cream cheese Molds (British English: moulds) are various fungi that cover surfaces as fluffy mycelium and usually produce masses of asexual, sometimes sexual spores. ... Grant Salzl has a huge nose full of acne. ...

Causes

The body normally hosts a variety of saprotrophic micro-organisms that rapidly cause infection. Athlete's foot is a layman's description of a skin fungal infection, and is medically referred to as tinea pedis. It may be associated with several different fungi, including yeasts. The most common fungi causing tinea pedis are Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Fungi that involve the skin are termed dermatophytes and the resulting infections are called dermatophytosis. A saprotroph (or saprobe) is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... Look up Layman in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Trichophyton rubrum is a fungus that is the most common cause of athletes foot and jock itch. ... Dermatophytes (name based on the Greek for skin plants) are a common label for a group of three types of fungus that commonly cause skin disease in animals and humans. ...

Symptoms

Intertrigo between toes

Athlete's foot causes scaling, flaking and itching of the affected skin. Blisters and cracked skin may also occur, leading to exposed raw tissue, pain, swelling and inflammation. Secondary bacterial infection can accompany the fungal infection, sometimes requiring a course of oral antibiotics.^[5][6] Taken in my medical practice by DrGnu. ... Taken in my medical practice by DrGnu. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ...

The infection can be spread to other areas of the body, such as the armpits, knees, elbows, and the groin, and usually is called by a different name once it spreads (such as tinea corporis on the body or limbs and tinea cruris (jock itch or dhobi itch) for an infection of the groin). The groin is the crease at the junction of the torso with the legs and the adjacent region that includes the external genitals. ... Ringworms can also refer to fans of the Japanese Ring series of horror novels and films, as well as the US remake. ... Jock itch, also called tinea cruris or ringworm of the groin, is an infection of the groin area caused by fungi. ...

Tinea pedis most often manifests between the toes, with the webspace between the fourth and fifth digits most commonly afflicted.^[7][8][9]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be performed by a pharmacist, general practitioner and by specialists of dermatologist or podiatrist. The mortar and pestle is an international symbol of pharmacists and pharmacies. ... A general practitioner (GP), family physician or family practitioner (FP) is a medical doctor who provides primary care. ... Dermatology is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases (from Greek derma, skin), as well as its appendages (nails, hair, sweat glands). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with podiatry. ...

Athlete's foot can usually be diagnosed by visual inspection of the skin, but where the diagnosis is in doubt direct microscopy of a potassium hydroxide preparation (known as a KOH test) may help rule out other possible causes, such as eczema or psoriasis.^[10] A KOH preparation is performed on skin scrapings from the affected area. The KOH preparation has an excellent positive predictive value, but occasionally false negative results may be obtained, especially if treatment with an anti-fungal medication has already begun.^[7] Microscopy is any technique for producing visible images of structures or details too small to otherwise be seen by the human eye, using a microscope or other magnification tool. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Eczema (from Greek έκζεμα) is a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the upper layers of the skin. ... In statistics, a false negative, also called a Type II error or miss, exists when a test incorrectly reports that a result was not detected, when it was really present. ...

If the above diagnoses are inconclusive or if a treatment regimen has already been started, a biopsy of the affected skin (i.e. a sample of the living skin tissue) can be taken and histological examination of the tissue performed. Brain biopsy A biopsy (in Greek: bios = life and opsy = look/appearance) is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. ... A thin section of lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ...

A Wood's lamp, although useful in diagnosing fungal infections of the hair (Tinea capitis), is not usually helpful in diagnosing tinea pedis since the common dermatophytes that cause this disease do not fluoresce under ultraviolet light.^[7] However, it can be useful for determining if the disease is due to a non-fungal source. A Woods lamp is a diagnostic tool used in dermatology by which ultraviolet light is shone (at a wavelength of approximately 365 nanometers) onto the skin of the patient; a technician then observes any subsequent fluorescence. ... Ringworms can also refer to fans of the Japanese Ring series of horror novels and films, as well as the US remake. ...

Transmission

Transmission from person to person

Athlete's foot is caused by a parasitic fungus and is a communicable disease.^[11] It is typically transmitted in moist environments where people walk barefoot, such as showers, bath houses, and locker rooms.^[12][2][11] It can also be transmitted by sharing footwear with an infected person, or less commonly, by sharing towels with an infected person. In medicine, infectious disease or communicable disease is disease caused by a biological agent (e. ... For other uses, see Shower (disambiguation). ... A bath house is a place where people bathe. ... A changeroom (in Australia, Canada, and other areas, including some parts of the USA, and also known as a changing room, change room, lockerroom, or locker room in the United Kingdom or USA) is a place where people go to change their clothes. ... High-heeled shoe Footwear consists of garments worn on the feet. ...

Transmission to other parts of the body

The various parasitic fungi that cause athlete's foot can also cause skin infections on other areas of the body, most often under toenails (Onychomycosis) or on the groin (tinea cruris). A toenail is the nail found on a toe. ... Onychomycosis means fungal infection of the nails. ... Jock itch, also called tinea cruris or ringworm of the groin, is an infection of the groin area caused by fungi. ...

Prevention

The practices given in this section do not only help prevent spread of the fungus, they can also help greatly in managing and curing athlete's foot in an individual by reducing or eliminating re-exposure to the fungus in one's home environment.

The fungi that cause athlete's foot can live on shower floors, wet towels, and footwear. Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus and can spread from person to person from shared contact with showers, towels, etc. Hygiene therefore plays an important role in managing an athlete's foot infection. Since fungi thrive in moist environments, it is very important to keep feet and footwear as dry as possible.

Prevention measures in the home

The fungi that cause athlete's foot live on moist surfaces and can be transmitted from an infected person to members of the same household through secondary contact.^[13] By controlling the fungus growth in the household, transmission of the infection can be prevented.

Bathroom hygiene

• Spray tub and bathroom floor with disinfectant after each use to help prevent reinfection and infection of other household members.

This is an article about antimicrobial agents. ...

Frequent laundering

• Wash sheets, towels, socks, underwear, and bedclothes in hot water (at 60 °C / 140 °F) to kill the fungus.
• Change towels and bed sheets at least once per week.

Avoid sharing

• Avoid sharing of towels, shoes and socks between household members.
• Use a separate towel for drying infected skin areas.

Prevention measures in public places

• Wear shower shoes or sandals in locker rooms, public showers, and public baths.
• Wash feet, particularly between the toes, with soap and dry thoroughly after bathing or showering.
• If you have experienced an infection previously, you may want to treat your feet and shoes with over-the-counter drugs.

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines that may be sold without a prescription and without a visit to a medical professional, in contrast to prescription drugs. ...

Personal prevention measures

• Dry feet well after showering, paying particular attention to the web space between the toes.
• Try to limit the amount that your feet sweat by wearing open-toed shoes or well-ventilated shoes, such as lightweight mesh running shoes.
• Wear lightweight cotton socks to help reduce sweat.
• Use foot powder to help reduce rubbing. Some foot powders also include an anti-fungal ingredient.
• Wear open-toed shoes or simply light-weight socks without shoes when at home.
• Keep shoes dry by wearing a different pair each day.
• Change socks and shoes after exercise.
• Replace sole inserts in shoes/sneakers on a frequent basis.
• Replace old sneakers and exercise shoes.

SWEAT is an OLN/TSN show hosted by Julie Zwillich that aired in 2003-2004. ...

Treatments

There are many conventional medications (over-the-counter and prescription) as well as alternative treatments for fungal skin infections, including athlete's foot. Important with any treatment plan is the practice of good hygiene. Several placebo controlled studies report that good foot hygiene alone can cure athlete's foot even without medication in 30-40% of the cases.^[14] However, placebo-controlled trials of allylamines and azoles for athlete’s foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo.^[15] Allylamine (also known as 3-aminopropene, 3-aminopropylene, monoallylamine, 2-propenamine, 2-propen-1-amine, or allyl amine) is an organic amine with the molecular formula C3H7N. It is a highly toxic and flammable colorless liquid. ... An azole is a class of five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic ring compounds containing at least one other noncarbon atom, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. ...

Conventional treatments

Conventional treatment typically involves daily or twice daily application of a topical medication in conjunction with hygiene measures outlined in the above section on prevention. Keeping feet dry and practicing good hygiene is crucial to preventing reinfection. Severe or prolonged fungal skin infections may require treatment with oral anti-fungal medication. This article is about a medical condition. ...

Topical medications

Main article: Antifungal drug

The fungal infection is often treated with topical antifungal agents, which can take the form of a spray, powder, cream, or gel. The most common ingredients in over-the-counter products are Miconazole nitrate (2% typical concentration in the United States) and Tolnaftate (1% typ. in the U.S.). Terbinafine, marketed as Lamisil is another over-the-counter drug. There exists a large number of prescription antifungal drugs, from several different drug families. These include ketaconazole, itraconazole, naftifine, nystatin, caspofungin. Studies show that Allylamines (Terbinafine, Amorolfine, Naftifine, Butenafine) cure slightly more infections than azoles (Miconazole, ketaconazole, Clotrimazole, itraconazole, sertaconazole, etc.).^[15] An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. ... An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. ... Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines that may be sold without a prescription, in contrast to prescription drugs. ... Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, and commonly applied topically (to the skin) or mucus membranes to cure fungal infections. ... Tolnaftate is a synthetic over-the-counter anti-fungal agent. ... Terbinafine hydrochloride tablets, sold as Lamisil in the U.S., are indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (Tinea unguium). ... Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ... Itraconazole (marketed as Sporanox® by Janssen Pharmaceutica) is a triazole antifungal agent that is prescribed to patients with fungal infections. ... Naftifine is an allylamine antifungal drug. ... Nystatin (Nystan®, Infestat®, Nystamont®) is an polyene antimycotic drug Nystatin is considered one of the clean drugs as it has no proven side effects. ... Caspofungin (INN[1]) (brand name Cancidas worldwide) is an antifungal drug, the first of a new class termed the echinocandins from Merck & Co. ... Terbinafine hydrochloride tablets, sold as Lamisil in the U.S., are indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (Tinea unguium). ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... Naftifine is an allylamine antifungal drug. ... Butenafine hydrochloride a synthetic benzylamine antifungal, marketed under the trade name Mentax and is the active ingredient in Schering-Ploughs Lotrimin® Ultra. ... Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent commonly applied topically (to the skin) or mucus membranes to cure fungal infections. ... Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ... Clotrimazole is a potent, specific inhibitor of p450 enzymes. ... Itraconazole (marketed as Sporanox® by Janssen Pharmaceutica) is a triazole antifungal agent that is prescribed to patients with fungal infections. ... Sertaconazole nitrate (Ertaczo®) is an antifungal medication of the imidazole class. ...

The time line for cure may be long, often 45 days or longer. The recommended course of treatment is to continue to use the topical treatment for four weeks after the symptoms have subsided to ensure that the fungus has been completely eliminated. However, because the itching associated with the infection subsides quickly, patients may not complete the courses of therapy prescribed.

Anti-itch creams are not recommended as they will alleviate the symptoms but will exacerbate the fungus; this is due to the fact that anti-itch creams typically enhance the moisture content of the skin and encourage fungal growth. For the same reason, some drug manufacturers are using a gel instead of a cream for application of topical drugs (for example, naftin and lamisil). Novartis, maker of lamisil claims that gel penetrates the skin more quickly than cream. Naftifine is an allylamine antifungal drug. ... Terbinafine hydrochloride tablets, sold as Lamisil in the U.S., are indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (Tinea unguium). ... Novartis headquarters in Basel Suffern, New York: the sole Novartis pharmaceutical production facility in the United States. ...

Some topical applications such as carbol fuchsin (also known in the US as Castellani's paint), often used for intertrigo, work well but in small selected areas. This red dye, used in this treatment like many other vital stains, is both fungicidal and bacteriocidal; however, because of the staining it is cosmetically undesirable. For many years gentian violet was also used for bacterial and fungal infections between fingers or toes. Carbol fuchsin, carbol-fuchsin, or carbolfuchsin, is a mixture of phenol and basic fuchsin, used in bacterial staining procedures. ... An intertrigo is an inflammation (rash) of the body folds (adjacent areas of skin). ... Staining is a biochemical technique of adding a class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. ... A Fungicide is one of three main methods of pest control- chemical control of fungi in this case. ... A bacteriocide or bactericide is a substance that kills bacteria and, preferably, nothing else. ... Methyl Violet 10B Gentian violet (crystal violet, Methyl Violet 10B, hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride) is an antifungal agent. ...

Undecylenic acid (castor oil derivative) is a known fungicide that can be used for fungal skin infections such as athlete's foot. Undecylenic Acid is an organic fatty acid derived from natural Castor oil (ricinoleic acid). ... Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained from the castor bean (technically castor seed as the castor plant, Ricinus communis, is not a member of the bean family). ...

If the fungal invader is not a dermatophyte but a yeast, other medications such as fluconazole may be used. Typically fluconazole is used for candidal vaginal infections moniliasis but has been shown to be of benefit for those with cutaneous yeast infections as well. The most common of these infections occur in the web spaces (intertriginous) of the toes and at the base of the fingernail or toenail. The hall mark of these infections is a cherry red color surrounding the lesion and a yellow thick pus. Fluconazole (INN) (IPA: ) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. ... Candidiasis, commonly called yeast infection or thrush, is a fungal infection of any of the Candida species, of which Candida albicans is probably the most common. ...

Oral medications

Oral treatment with griseofulvin was begun early in the 1950s. Because of the tendency to cause liver problems and to provoke aplastic anemia the drugs were used cautiously and sparingly. Over time it was found that those problems were due to the size of the crystal in the manufacturing process and microsize and now ultramicrosize crystals are available with few of the original side effects.^{[citation needed]} Griseofulvin is an antifungal drug. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells. ...

For severe cases, the current preferred oral agent in the UK,^[16] is the more effective terbinafine.^[17] Other prescription oral antifungals include itraconazole and fluconazole.^[5] Terbinafine hydrochloride tablets, sold as Lamisil in the U.S., are indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (Tinea unguium). ... Itraconazole (marketed as Sporanox® by Janssen Pharmaceutica) is a triazole antifungal agent that is prescribed to patients with fungal infections. ... Fluconazole (INN) (IPA: ) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. ...

Alternative treatments

Witch hazel

Witch hazel has been alleged to cure athlete's foot in as few as three days.^{[citation needed]} Witch hazel is the name of: Witch-hazel: Hamamelis, a genus of decorative shrubs in North America and east Asia. ...

Topical oils

Symptomatic relief from itching may be achieved after topical application of tea tree oil or crocodile oil, probably due to its involvement in the histamine response,^[18] however the efficacy of Tea tree oil in the treatment of athlete's foot (achieving mycological cure) is questionable.^[19][20] Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) Tea tree oil or melaleuca oil is a clear to very pale golden color essential oil with a fresh camphoraceous odour. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Onion extract

A study of the effect of 3% (v/v) aqueous onion extract was shown to be effective in laboratory conditions against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum.^[21]

Rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide

Direct application of rubbing alcohol and/or hydrogen peroxide after bathing can aid in killing the fungus at the surface level of the skin and will help prevent a secondary (bacterial) infection from occurring.^{[citation needed]} In addition, soaking the feet in a bath of 70% rubbing alcohol will help dry the skin out, and likewise kill the invading fungus.^{[citation needed]} The alcohol is not, however, effective against spores. A bottle of isopropyl rubbing alcohol Rubbing alcohol, U.S.P. / B.P. (also known as Isopropyl alcohol) is a liquid prepared for topical application prepared from isopropyl alcohol (or denatured alcohol) and containing 68. ... Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colorless in a dilute solution, slightly more viscous than water. ...

Hair dryer

Since fungi grow in moist conditions, it is very important to dry the feet well after bathing. A hair dryer can be used to aid the drying process, or to dry feet which have become slightly moist in between showers or baths.^{[citation needed]} Categories: Stub | Hairdressing ...

Baking soda

Rubbing feet with a baking soda paste and/or sprinkling baking soda in shoes is thought to help by changing pH.^[22]

Household bleach (not recommended)

The use of household bleach as a direct topical application or soak for tinea pedis is not recommended, as it is a well documented irritant (clearly labelled in the United Kingdom as "Harmful" by COSHH). It is used diluted as an environmental decontaminatant to prevent the spread of dermatophytes between animals, and from animals to humans. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) is a set of UK regulations about the handling of chemicals in the workplace. ...

Urinating

Some people believe that urinating on the infected area can help relieve symptoms and clear the fungal infection.

Origin of the term "athlete's foot"

The Oxford English Dictionary documents written usage of the term in 1928 (1928 Lit. Digest 22 December. 16/1), which seems to undercut the claim by W. F. Young, Inc. that the term "athlete's foot" was originated, rather than simply popularized, as part of an advertising campaign for Absorbine Jr. during the 1930s.^[23] The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most successful dictionary of the English language, (not to be confused with the one-volume Oxford Dictionary of English, formerly New Oxford Dictionary of English, of... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the [[. In East Asia, the rise of militarism occurred. ...

See also

• Antifungal drugs
• Tinea
• Ringworm

An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. ... Ringworms can also refer to fans of the Japanese Ring series of horror novels and films, as well as the US remake. ... This article is about the fungal infection. ...

Footnotes

Moldy cream cheese Molds (British English: moulds) are various fungi that cover surfaces as fluffy mycelium and usually produce masses of asexual, sometimes sexual spores. ... For the fictional character, see Fungus the Bogeyman. ... A hypha (plural hyphae) is a long, branching filament that, with other hyphae, forms the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium. ... Typical divisions Ascomycota (sac fungi) Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic micro organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1,500 species described;[1] they dominate fungal diversity in the oceans. ... WebMD is available to both consumers and physicians, and contains several different health sites owned and run by WebMD, including WebMD Health, Medscape, MedicineNet, eMedicine, eMedicine Health, RxList and theheart. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... WebMD is available to both consumers and physicians, and contains several different health sites owned and run by WebMD, including WebMD Health, Medscape, MedicineNet, eMedicine, eMedicine Health, RxList and theheart. ... Mayo Clinic is a medical practice based in Rochester, Minnesota, USA, integrated with hospital facilities and a medical school. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cochrane Library is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cochrane Library is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Links are organized by subsection, and then listed in alphabetical order.

General medical information

• APMA Athlete's Foot Article
• DermNet NZ — New Zealand Dermatological Society Athlete's Foot Article
• Doctor Fungus Athlete's Foot Article
• eMedicine Eumycetoma (Fungal Mycetoma) Article Excerpt
• eMedicine Health Athlete's Foot Article
• Harvard Medical School Foot Care Basics. Available for a small fee.
• Healthline Athlete's Foot Article
• iVillage Fungal Infections Article
• Mayo Clinic Athlete's Foot Article
• MedicineNet Athlete's Foot Article
• MedlinePlus Athlete's Foot Article
• Merck Ringworm and Athlete's Foot Article
• MSN Health and Fitness Athlete's Foot Article
• Stop Athlete's Foot - Athlete's Foot Articles
• WebMD Athlete's Foot Article

There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The New Zealand Dermatological Society is a medical organization best known outside New Zealand for its DermNet website, which provides photographs and descriptions of many skin conditions. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... Harvard Medical School (HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University. ... iVillage, “internet for women,” is the #1 Women’s Community Site available today. ... Mayo Clinic is a medical practice based in Rochester, Minnesota, USA, integrated with hospital facilities and a medical school. ... WebMD Health Corp. ... MedlinePlus (medlineplus. ... Merck & Co. ... For other uses, see MSN (disambiguation). ... WebMD is available to both consumers and physicians, and contains several different health sites owned and run by WebMD, including WebMD Health, Medscape, MedicineNet, eMedicine, eMedicine Health, RxList and theheart. ...

Photos

• Photos of Tinea Pedis at DermAtlas
• Global Skin Atlas. Type "tinea pedis" in search engine.

DermAtlas is a dermatology database maintained at Johns Hopkins University which is free of use to the public. ...

Organizations

• American Academy of Dermatology
• American Podiatric Medical Association
• Skincell International Forum.SkinCell International Forum has been established with the intention of bringing together skin disorder sufferers, their friends or family in a relaxed, light-hearted and supportive environment.
• Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists