Apartheid in South Africa
| | Events and Projects | | Sharpeville Massacre · Soweto uprising
Treason Trial
Rivonia Trial · Church Street bombing
CODESA · St James Church massacre
June 11 is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa. ...
United States of America Middleburg, Florida Middleburgh (village), New York Middleburgh (town), New York Middleburg, Ohio Middleburg, Virginia For other places with Middle in their name, see: Middlebury Middlecreek Township, Pennsylvania Middlefield Middlesex Middleton Middletown Middleville See also: Middelburg This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists...
For the album by the Kaiser Chiefs see Employment (album) Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ...
A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ...
A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. ...
A beach, in apartheid South Africa, 1982. ...
cropped from Image:Aprt-YStar. ...
The Sharpeville massacre, also known as the Sharpeville shootings, occurred on March 21, 1960, when South African police opened fire on a crowd of black protesters. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Treason Trial was a trial in which 156 people including Nelson Mandela were arrested in a raid and accussed of treason in 1956. ...
The Rivonia Trial was an infamous trial which took place in South Africa between 1963 and 1964, in which ten leaders of the African National Congress were tried for 221 acts of sabotage designed to ferment violent revolution. // Origins It was named after Rivonia, the suburb of Johannesburg where 19...
The Church Street bombing was a 1983 terrorist attack by the African National Congress in Pretoria, South Africa which killed 16 and wounded 130. ...
The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993. ...
The St James Church massacre was a massacre perpetrated at St James Church, Cape Town by the Azanian Peoples Liberation Army (APLA). ...
| | Organisations | | ANC · AWB · Black Sash · CCB
PP · PFP ·HNP · MK · PAC · SACP · UDF
Broederbond · National Party · COSATU For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ...
The flag of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging The Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or AWB, is a political and paramilitary group in South Africa under the leadership of Eugène TerreBlanche. ...
The Black Sash was a non-violent white womens resistance organisation founded in 1955 in South Africa by Jean Sinclair. ...
The Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) was a covert South African apartheid-era hit squad[1]. Inaugurated in 1986, and fully functional by 1988 it was set up to eliminate anti-apartheid activists, destroy ANC facilities, and find means to circumvent the economic sanctions[1] imposed on that country. ...
The Progressive Party was a liberal South African party that opposed the ruling National Partys policies of apartheid. ...
The Progressive Federal Party (PFP) was a South African political party formed in 1977. ...
The Herstigte Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika (Refounded National Party of South Africa) was formed as a right wing splinter group of the South African National Party. ...
For other uses of Umkhonto, see Umkhonto (disambiguation) Umkhonto we Sizwe (or MK), translated Spear of the Nation, was the military wing of the African National Congress (ANC). ...
The Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) (later the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania), was a South African liberation movement, that is now a minor political party. ...
SACP symbol South African Communist Party (SACP) is a political party in South Africa. ...
The United Democratic Front (UDF) was one of the most important anti-apartheid organisations of the 1980s. ...
The Afrikanerbond or, formerly, the Afrikaner Broederbond, is an organisation which promotes the interests of the Afrikaners. ...
The National Party (Afrikaans: Nasionale Party) (with its members sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats) was the governing party of South Africa from June 4th 1948 until May 9th 1994, and was disbanded in 2005. ...
The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is a trade union federation in South Africa. ...
| | People | | PW Botha · Oupa Gqozo · DF Malan
Nelson Mandela · Walter Sisulu
Helen Suzman · Harry Schwarz · Andries Treurnicht
HF Verwoerd · Oliver Tambo · BJ Vorster
Kaiser Matanzima · Jimmy Kruger · Steve Biko
P.W. Botha Pieter Willem Botha, (born January 12, 1916) commonly known as P.W. and as die groot krokodil (the great crocodile) was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and State President of South Africa from 1984 to 1989. ...
Joshua Oupa Gqozo (10 March 1952 - ) was a former Ciskei military ruler. ...
Daniel François Malan (May 22, 1874 - February 7, 1959) is seen as the champion of South African nationalism. ...
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA pronunciation: //) (born July 18, 1918) was the first President of South Africa to be elected in fully-representative democratic elections. ...
Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (May 18, 1912 – May 5, 2003) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the African National Congress (ANC). ...
Helen Suzman was born Helen Gavronsky on 7th November 1917 in Germiston, South Africa as the daughter of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants. ...
Harry H. Schwarz (born Cologne, Germany, May 13, 1924), is a South African politician, diplomat, and jurist. ...
Andries Treurnicht (1921-1993) was the founder and the leader of the Conservative Party in South Africa. ...
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (8 September 1901 - 6 September 1966) was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958 to 1966, when he was assassinated. ...
Oliver Reginald Tambo (27 October 1917 - 24 April 1993) was a South African anti-apartheid politician and a central figure in the African National Congress (ANC). ...
B. J. Vorster Balthazar Johannes Vorster (December 13, 1915 - September 10, 1983), better known as John Vorster, was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978, and President from 1978 to 1979. ...
Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima (June 15, 1915 - June 15, 2003) was a former leader of the then-bantustan of Transkei in South Africa; He led Transkei to self-government in 1964 and to an internationally unrecognised indepedence in October, 1976. ...
James Thomas Jimmy Kruger (1917 - 1987) was a South African politician who rose to the position of Minister of Justice and the Police in the cabinet of Prime Minister John Vorster from 1974 to 1979. ...
Stephen Biko Stephen Bantu Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a noted nonviolent anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and early 1970s. ...
| | Places | | Bantustan · District Six · Robben Island
Sophiatown · South-West Africa
Soweto · Vlakplaas Map of the black homelands in South Africa as of 1986 Map of the black homelands in Namibia as of 1978 Bantustan is a territory designated as a tribal homeland for black South Africans and Namibians during the apartheid era. ...
District Six is the name of a former neighborhood of Cape Town, South Africa, best known for the forced removal of its inhabitants during the 1970s. ...
Prison buildings on Robben Island. ...
Sophiatown was a lively, mostly-black suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. ...
South-West Africa is the former name (1884-1990) of Namibia under German (as German South-West Africa, Deutsch Süd-West Afrika) and (from 1915) South African administration when it was conquered from the Germans during World War I. Following the war, the Treaty of Versailles declared the territory...
Johannesburg, including Soweto, from the International Space Station Soweto is an urban area in the City of Johannesburg, in Gauteng, South Africa. ...
Vlakplaas is a farm that served as the headquarters of a counterinsurgency unit working for the apartheid government in South Africa. ...
| | Other aspects | | Apartheid laws · Freedom Charter
Sullivan Principles · Kairos Document
Disinvestment campaign
South African Police The Apartheid Legislation in South Africa was a series of different laws and acts which were to help the apartheid-government to enforce the segregation of different races and cement the power and the dominance by the Whites, of substantially European descent, over the other race groups. ...
The Freedom Charter was adopted at the Congress of the People in Kliptown, South Africa on 26 June 1955 by the African National Congress and its allies. ...
The Sullivan Principles were developed in 1977 by the Rev. ...
The Kairos Document (KD) is a provocative theological statement issued by an anonymous group of theologians mostly based in the black townships of Soweto, South Africa, in 1985. ...
The campaign gained prominence in the mid-1980s on university campuses in the US. The debate headlined the October 1985 issue (above) of Vassar Colleges student newspaper. ...
The South African Police Service is the national police force of South Africa. ...
| | This box: view • talk • edit | Harold Athol Lannigan Fugard (b. June 11, 1932, Middleburg, South Africa), better known as Athol Fugard, is a South African playwright. The son of white English and Afrikaans parents, Harold Fugard and Elizabeth Potgieter, he describes himself as an Afrikaner writing in English. His wife, Sheila Fugard, and their daughter, Lisa Fugard, are also writers. June 11 is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. ...
Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard (born in 1932), better known as Athol Fugard, is a well-known South African playwright. ...
Lisa Fugard, promotional photo by John Scanton. ...
Overview His family moved to Port Elizabeth soon after he was born. In 1938, he was enrolled at the Marist Brothers College — a Catholic primary school (although he is not known to be a Roman Catholic). After being awarded a scholarship, he enrolled at the local technical college for his secondary education. He then enrolled in the University of Cape Town but dropped out. He sailed around the world working on ships (mainly in the Far East). Port Elizabeth is a city in South Africa, situated in the Eastern Cape Province, at 33°58′ S 25°36′ E. The city is located on Algoa Bay, and is one of the major seaports in South Africa. ...
St Dominic’s Priory School is a high, primary and pre-primary private Catholic school in the suburb of Walmer in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa. ...
The University of Cape Town, abbreviated as UCT, is a public university located on the Rhodes Estate on the slopes of Devils Peak, in Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. ...
Fugard married Sheila Meiring, then an actress in one of his plays, in September 1956. She later became a novelist and poet in her own right. They started the Circle Players in Port Elizabeth before moving to Johannesburg where he was employed as a court clerk. Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard (born in 1932), better known as Athol Fugard, is a well-known South African playwright. ...
Port Elizabeth is a city in South Africa, situated in the Eastern Cape Province, at 33°58′ S 25°36′ E. The city is located on Algoa Bay, and is one of the major seaports in South Africa. ...
City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area - % water 1,644 km² 0. ...
Working in the court environment and seeing how the Africans suffered under the pass laws provided Fugard with a firsthand insight into the injustice and pain of apartheid. Pass Laws were introduced by the British governors in South Africa in 1923 to regulate movement of black Africans into urban areas. ...
A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ...
Working with a group of black actors (including Zakes Mokae), Fugard wrote his first play No Good Friday. Returning to Port Elizabeth in the early 1960s, he worked with a group of actors whose first performance was in the former snake pit of the zoo, hence the name The Serpent Players. Mokae with Donald Sutherland in the film A Dry White Season Zakes Mokae is a South African-born actor. ...
The political slant of his plays bought him into conflict with the government. In order to avoid prosecution, he started to take his plays overseas. After Blood Knot, was produced in England, his passport was withdrawn for four years. In 1962, he publicly supported an international boycott against segregated theatre audiences which lead to further restrictions. Blood knot Blood knot step by step A blood knot is most usefully employed for attaching fishing hooks with slippery monofilament line. ...
He worked extensively with two black actors John Kani and Winston Ntshona and workshopped three plays: Sizwe Bansi Is Dead, The Island, and Statements After an Arrest Under the Immorality Act. John Kani (1943 -) is a South African actor, director and playwright. ...
Winston Ntshona (born 6 October 1941 in Port Elizabeth ) is a South African actor. ...
The early plays workshopped with Kani and Ntshona were staged in black areas for a night and then the cast moved to the next venue – probably a dimly lit church hall or community centre. The audience was normally poor migrant labourers and the residents of hostels in the townships. The plays at this time were political and mirrored the frustrations in the lives of the audience. It really was live theatre – the audience used be drawn in to the drama, applauding, crying and interjecting. The plays were workshopped in the fullest sense of the word. Fugard used the feedback to improve the plays – expanding the parts that worked and deleting some that didn’t.
For example in Sizwe Banzi is Dead, migrant worker Bansi can only survive by assuming someone else's identity and getting the important apartheid pass in order to get a job. When he debates how Sizwe would effectively “die” and whether the sacrifice would be worth it, the audience would cry out “Go on. Do it,” because they appreciated that without a pass you were effectively a non-entity. Poster for the 2007 Royal National Theatre production Sizwe Banzi is Dead is a play from 1972 written by the writer Athol Fugard in collaboration with the actors John Kani and Winston Ntshona. ...
Sets and props were improvised from whatever was available which helps to explain the minimalist sets that productions of these plays utilise. In 1971, the restrictions against Fugard were eased, allowing him to travel to England in order to direct Boesman and Lena. Master Harold...and the Boys, written in 1982 is a semi-autobiographical work. Master Harold. ...
Fugard showed he was against injustice on both sides of the fence with his play My Children! My Africa! where he attacked the ANC for deciding to boycott African schools as he realised the damage it would cause a generation of African pupils. With the demise of apartheid, Fugard's first two postapartheid plays Valley Song and The Captain's Tiger focused on personal rather than political issues. For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ...
A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ...
His plays are regularly produced and have won many awards (see below). He has only consented to one musical adaption of any of his plays, which was the opera, composed by Thomas Rajna, of Valley Song performed in 2005[1]. Some of his plays have been filmed. Fugard made his directorial debut in 1992 with the film version of The Road to Mecca. In 2006 the film Tsotsi, based on his novel of that name, won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film. Thomas Rajna (born 21 December 1928, Budapest, Hungary) is a South African composer and pianist. ...
This article is about the film Tsotsi. ...
Iain Fisher has broken his plays into the following periods:
- Apprenticeship (up to 1957)
- Social Realism (1958 to 1961)
- Chamber Theatre (1961 to 1970)
- Improvised Theatre (1966-1973)
- Poetic Symbolism (1975 onwards).
Plays - Statements 1974, ISBN 0-19-281170-3, Oxford University Press
- Three Port Elizabeth plays: Blood Knot; Hello and Goodbye; Boesman and Lena 1974, ISBN 0-19-211366-6, Oxford University Press
- Sizwe Bansi is Dead and The Island 1976 ISBN 0-670-64784-5, Viking Press
- The Guest: an episode in the life of Eugene Marais (co-authored by Ross Devenish) 1977, ISBN 0-949937-36-3, A.D. Donker
- Die besoeker: 'n episode in die lewe van Eugene Marais Athol Fugard en Ross Devenish; vertaal deur (translated by) Wilma Stockenstrom 1977, ISBN 0-949937-43-6, A.D. Donker (This is an Afrikaans translation of The Guest)
- Dimetos and two early plays 1977, ISBN 0-19-211390-9, Oxford University Press
- Boesman and Lena and other plays 1980, ISBN 0-19-570197-6, Oxford University Press
- Selected plays of Fugard 1980, ISBN 0-582-78129-9, Longman
- A Lesson from Aloes: A Play 1981, Oxford University Press
- Marigolds in August 1982, ISBN 0-86852-008-X, A. D. Donker
- Boesman and Lena 1983, ISBN 0-19-570331-6, Oxford University Press
- People are Living There 1983, ISBN 0-19-570332-4, Oxford University Press
- The Road to Mecca: a play in two acts (suggested by the life and work of Helen Martins of New Bethesda) 1985, ISBN 0-571-13691-5, Faber and Faber
- Selected plays [including] Master Harold...and the Boys 1987, ISBN 0-19-281929-1, Oxford University Press (comprises Master Harold...and the Boys; Blood Knot (new version); Hello and Goodbye; Boesman and Lena)
- A Place with the Pigs: a personal parable 1988, ISBN 0-571-15114-0, Faber and Faber
- My Children! My Africa! and selected shorter plays; edited by Stephen Gray 1990, ISBN 1-86814-117-9, Witwatersrand University Press
- Blood Knot and other plays 1991, ISBN 1-55936-019-4, Theatre Communications Group
- Playland and other words 1992, ISBN 1-86814-219-1, Witwatersrand University Press
- The Township Plays 1993 edited by Dennis Walder, ISBN 0-19-282925-4, Oxford University Press (comprises No-good Friday; Nongogo; The Coat; Sizwe Bansi Is Dead)
- Cousins: a memoir 1994, ISBN 1-86814-278-7, Witwatersrand University Press
- Hello and Goodbye 1994, ISBN 0-19-571099-1, Oxford University Press
- Valley Song 1996, ISBN 0-571-17908-8, Faber and Faber
- The Captain's Tiger 1997, ISBN 1-86814-324-4, Witwatersrand University Press
- Athol Fugard: plays 1998, ISBN 0-571-19093-6, Faber and Faber
- Interior plays 2000, ISBN 0-19-288035-7, Oxford University Press
- Port Elizabeth plays 2000, ISBN 0-19-282529-1, Oxford University Press
- Sorrows and Rejoicings 2002
- Exits and Entrances 2004 - made its world premiere at the Fountain Theatre in Los Angeles, with Morlan Higgins and William Dennis Hurley
- Victory 2007- will make its UK premiere at the Theatre Royal Bath, starring Pippa Bennett-Warner, Richard Johnson and Reece Ritchie
Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...
Blood knot Blood knot step by step A blood knot is most usefully employed for attaching fishing hooks with slippery monofilament line. ...
Poster for the 2000 Royal National Theatre production The Island is a play by Athol Fugard, John Kani, and Winston Ntshona. ...
Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the 1976 Gregorian calendar. ...
Viking Press was founded on March 1, 1925, in New York City, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheim. ...
Look up Wiktionary:Swadesh lists for Afrikaans and Dutch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Faber and Faber is a celebrated publishing house in the UK, notable in particular for publishing the poetry of T. S. Eliot. ...
Master Harold. ...
Master Harold. ...
Blood knot Blood knot step by step A blood knot is most usefully employed for attaching fishing hooks with slippery monofilament line. ...
Blood knot Blood knot step by step A blood knot is most usefully employed for attaching fishing hooks with slippery monofilament line. ...
Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...
The Fountain Theatre was founded in Los Angeles in 1990 by Deborah Lawlor (wife of Robert Lawlor) and Stephen Sachs. ...
Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ...
Pippa Bennett-Warner is an English actress. ...
Richard Johnson may refer to: Richard Johnson, the Somerset and England cricketer; Richard Mentor Johnson, the 19th century United States politician and vice-president; Richard Johnson, the 16th century romance writer; Richard Johnson, the English actor; Reverend Richard Johnson, chaplain to first settlement in New South Wales; Richard Johnson (1830...
Books - Notebooks 1960-1977 1983, ISBN 0-86852-011-X, A.D. Donker
- Tsotsi: a novel 1980, ISBN 0-86852-141-8, A.D. Donker. Reissued by Grove Press, U.S. edition, 2006. [1] Reissued by Cannongate, UK edition, 2006. [2]
This article is about the film Tsotsi. ...
Films of his plays // Events March 22 - Filming begins on George Lucas Star Wars science fiction film. ...
// Events The Walt Disney Company founds Touchstone Pictures to release movies with subject matter deemed inappropriate for the Disney name. ...
Master Harold. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 1992. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 2000. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 2005. ...
This article is about the film Tsotsi. ...
Films appeared in - 1976 Boesman and Lena played Boesman
- 1977 The Guest At Steenkampskraal played Eugene Marais
- 1979 Meetings with Remarkable Men played Professor Skridlov
- 1982 Gandhi played General Smuts
- 1984 The Killing Fields played Doctor Sundesval
- 1984 Marigolds in August played Paulus Olifant
- 1992 The Road to Mecca played the Reverend Marius Byleveld
// Events March 22 - Filming begins on George Lucas Star Wars science fiction film. ...
// Events In the Academy Awards, Peter Finch, Faye Dunaway and Beatrice Straight win Best Actor and Actress and Supporting Actress awards for Network. ...
// Events March 5 - Production begins on Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back. ...
// January 11 - Production begins on the Star Wars film Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi. ...
Gandhi (1982) is a multi-award-winning biopic film about the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (often known as Mahatma Gandhi), who was leader of the nonviolent resistance movement against British colonial rule in India during the first half of the 20th century. ...
// Events The Walt Disney Company founds Touchstone Pictures to release movies with subject matter deemed inappropriate for the Disney name. ...
The Killing Fields (1984) is an award-winning dramatic British film based on the experiences of the journalists Dith Pran, who survived the Khmer Rouge regime, Sydney Schanberg, and Jon Swain. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 1992. ...
Awards - Obie Award
- 1970–1971 - Best Foreign Play - Boesman and Lena
- 29th Annual Tony Award
- 1974-1975 - Best Play - Sizwe Banzi is Dead/The Island - Athol Fugard, John Kani and Winston Ntshona
- New York Drama Critics' Circle Awards
- 1980–1981 - Best Play - A Lesson From Aloes
- 1987-1988 - Citation for Best Foreign Play - The Road to Mecca
- London Evening Standard Award for Best Play
- Writers Guild Awards for Outstanding Achievement
- 1986 - Evelyn F. Burkey Memorial Award - Athol Fugard and Lloyd Richards
- The Audie Awards
- 1999 - Theatrical Productions - The Road to Mecca
- 2005 - South African The Order of Ikhamanga in Silver for his Excellent contribution to, and achievements in, the theatre. [3]
The Obie Awards, short for Off-Broadway Theater Awards, are annual awards bestowed by the newspaper The Village Voice on theater artists performing in New York City. ...
What is popularly called the Tony Award (formally, the Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre) is an annual award celebrating achievements in live American theater, including musical theater, primarily honoring productions on Broadway in New York. ...
Poster for the 2007 Royal National Theatre production Sizwe Banzi is Dead is a play from 1972 written by the writer Athol Fugard in collaboration with the actors John Kani and Winston Ntshona. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
The Evening Standard Awards are presented annually for oustanding achievements in London Theatre. ...
Master Harold. ...
References - ^ Fugard, Athol (28). Tsotsi (Trade paperback) (in English), New York: Grove Press, 256. ISBN 0-8021-4268-0. Retrieved on 7.
- ^ Fugard, Athol (2). Tsotsi (Paperback) (in English), Edinburgh: Cannongate Book, 240. ISBN 1-84195-566-3.
- ^ "Profile of Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard", S A National Orders. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
This article is about the year 7. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also List of notable playwrights. ...
External links |
Feeds |
Contact