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Attenuation is the decrease in intensity of electromagnetic radiation due to absorption or scattering of photons. Attenuation does not include the decrease in intensity due to inverse-square law geometric spreading. Therefore, calculation of the total change in intensity involves both the inverse-square law and an estimation of attenuation over the path. Electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ...
In physics, absorption is the process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by another entity, for example, by an atom whose valence electrons make a transition between two electronic energy levels. ...
In particle physics, scattering is a class of phenomena by which particles are deflected by collisions with other particles. ...
The word light is defined here as electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength; thus, X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet light, microwaves, radio waves, and visible light are all forms of light. ...
This diagram shows how the law works. ...
Applications
Attenuation is an important consideration in the modern world of wireless telecommunication. People are daily affected by it as they rely more and more on mobile phones, television, satellite communication, and wireless internet. Attenuation limits the range of radio signals and is affected by the materials a signal must travel through (e.g. air, wood, concrete, rain). See the article on path loss for more information on signal loss in wireless communication. Copy of the original phone of Graham Bell at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ...
Path loss: In a communication system, the attenuation undergone by an electromagnetic wave in transit between a transmitter and a receiver. ...
In optical fibers, attenuation is the rate at which the signal light decreases in intensity. For this reason, glass fiber (which has a low attenuation) is used for long-distance fiber optic cables; plastic fiber has a higher attenuation and hence shorter range. There also exist optical attenuators which decrease the signal in a fiber optic cable intentionally. A bundle of optical fibers. ...
Optical attenuator, in optical communications, is a device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal. ...
Attenuation of light is also important in physical oceanography. Here, attenuation is the decrease in light intensity with depth due to absorption (by water molecules) and scattering (by suspended particulates). This same effect is an important consideration in weather radar as rain drops absorb a part of the emitted beam that is more or less significant depending on the wavelength used. World Oceans Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters. ...
Water is a tasteless, odourless substance that is essential to all known forms of life and is known as the universal solvent. ...
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